Jour 298: Exam 3 (Ch 11-14)

A line graph is the most suitable graph to show changes in relationship over time. It consists of a series of data points connected by straight lines, which allows for a clear depiction of trends and patterns over a specific time period. The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis represents the variable being measured. The line graph is effective in illustrating how the relationship between two variables evolves and fluctuates over time, making it the correct choice for this question.

Based on the information on page 370, the recommended number of visuals for a six-minute speech is 4. This suggests that having too few visuals may not effectively support the speech, while having too many visuals could overwhelm the audience and distract from the main message. Therefore, 4 visuals strike a balance between providing sufficient visual aids and ensuring that the speech remains the focal point.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because each of the mentioned ways - fun and activities, relevancy, and commonality and emotion - can contribute to encouraging audience involvement. By incorporating fun and activities, the speaker can make the presentation more engaging and interactive, capturing the audience's attention. Relevancy ensures that the content is relatable and meaningful to the audience, increasing their interest and motivation to participate. Commonality and emotion create a connection between the speaker and the audience, fostering a sense of shared understanding and empathy, which can further encourage involvement.

When face to face communication is not possible, email is the preferred method because it allows for clear and concise written communication. It provides a record of the conversation that can be easily referenced and it allows for attachments such as documents or images to be shared. Email also allows for communication to occur asynchronously, meaning that the sender and recipient do not need to be available at the same time. This makes it a convenient and efficient method of communication when direct interaction is not possible.

The best example of an opening sentence for a speech is "Three years ago, one of my best friends--a young woman about your age--was told she had cancer." This sentence immediately grabs the audience's attention by sharing a personal story and creating an emotional connection. It sets the stage for the speech by highlighting the importance of the topic and engaging the listeners right from the beginning.

A question designed to make the audience think, and for which no answer is expected, is known as a rhetorical question.

The given answer is a good example of a thesis statement because it clearly states the main argument or topic of the speech, which is the differences in nonverbal communication between modern Germany and the United States. The statement also provides a preview of the main points that will be discussed, which are greetings, social situations, and personal space. This thesis statement effectively sets the direction and focus of the speech, allowing the audience to understand what they can expect to learn or gain from listening to the speech.

The given statement provides a numerical figure, stating that more than 128 million Americans, including one million children aged four to seven, suffer from hearing loss. This information is based on data and represents a statistical fact. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "statistics."

Clara should change the fact that she has used blue text on a black background. This violates the rule for effective presentations as it can make the text difficult to read and strain the eyes of the audience. It is recommended to use high contrast colors for better visibility and readability.

Harry Markopolos prepared a report for the SEC that clearly laid out 29 red flags in a way that the SEC staff could not understand.

The main points in the presentation are organized in a geographical pattern. The presentation discusses the best theme parks in different states, specifically California, Texas, and Florida. This organization is based on the geographic location of the theme parks, as each section focuses on theme parks in a specific state.

The recent research on humor has found that self-disparaging humor, where speakers make themselves the brunt of a joke, has a negative effect. This means that when individuals make jokes about themselves, it can have a detrimental impact. However, the research does not suggest that all humor should be avoided or that humor relating directly to the topic is ineffective. The focus is specifically on self-disparaging humor and its negative consequences.

The correct answer is "plan, research, organize, deliver." This is because when preparing an informative presentation, it is important to first plan out the content and structure of the presentation. This involves determining the main points to be covered and the overall flow of the presentation. After planning, research is conducted to gather relevant information and supporting evidence for the presentation. Once the research is done, the information is organized in a logical and coherent manner. Finally, the presentation is delivered to the audience, taking into consideration factors such as delivery style, visual aids, and engagement techniques.

The main points in the presentation are organized in a chronological pattern. The steps are listed in the order they need to be completed, starting with preparing the pastry, then the streusel topping, followed by baking the crust, arranging the mincemeat and pears, and finally adding the streusel topping and baking again. This sequence of steps follows a chronological order of events.

The most important rule in the successful use of statistics is to ensure accuracy and precision in the data being presented. The answer "One fourth of the world's population lives in China" demonstrates this rule by providing a specific and accurate statistic about the population of China. The other options do not provide precise or accurate information and therefore do not adhere to the rule of using statistics effectively.

The passage presents a hypothetical scenario to make a point. It asks the reader to imagine a situation where their entire wealth is entrusted to a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls. The purpose of this hypothetical illustration is to emphasize that in such a high-stakes situation, one would not interfere or distract the tightrope walker but rather remain silent and let them complete the task safely. Therefore, the correct answer is "hypothetical illustration."

The given statement is an example. It provides specific instances of students experiencing physical symptoms of stress during exams. This example helps to illustrate the topic of grades and student stress by giving concrete evidence of the impact it can have on students' physical health.

The statement "use any color marker" is not true about a marker board. This implies that there are restrictions on the color of markers that can be used on a marker board, which contradicts the idea that any color can be used.

The correct answer is smooth flowing content; creative, professional visuals; and dynamic team performance. This answer aligns with the characteristics of successful team presentations mentioned in the question. It emphasizes the importance of having content that flows smoothly, visuals that are creative and professional, and a team performance that is dynamic. These factors contribute to an effective and engaging presentation.

The correct answer is "to convince or actuate." This means that the two basic types of persuasive presentations are aimed at either convincing the audience to believe or agree with a certain viewpoint, or to actuate them into taking a specific action. These types of presentations are focused on influencing the audience's thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors, rather than simply presenting information or facts.

The given answer is Method 1: Assertion plus evidence plus source. This is because the argument includes an assertion that the workroom walls need to be painted orange, followed by evidence that productivity increases by 20% when walls are painted orange. Additionally, the argument provides the source of this evidence, Kenneth Johnson.

Knowing your audience is crucial in communication because it allows you to tailor your message effectively. Understanding the demographics, interests, and knowledge level of your audience helps you choose the right language, tone, and level of detail to convey your message. It ensures that your message is relevant, relatable, and easily understood by your audience. By knowing your audience, you can anticipate their needs, address their concerns, and ultimately achieve effective communication.

Exaggeration is the correct answer because it aligns with Hamilton's statement about presenting facts as more important than they actually are. Exaggeration involves magnifying or overstating the significance of something, which can distort the true nature of the facts. Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else's work without giving proper credit, while embellishment refers to adding decorative or ornamental details to something. Distortion is a general term that can encompass various types of misrepresentations, but in this context, exaggeration is the most fitting explanation.

According to Friedman and Currall's 2003 dispute-exacerbating model of email (DEME), including titles and bullets in email messages can help to simplify the communication and minimize tone problems. This means that using clear headings and bullet points can make the content easier to understand and less likely to be misinterpreted. By organizing the information in a structured manner, it reduces the chances of confusion or misunderstandings that can arise from short or lengthy paragraphs. Additionally, titles and bullets can help to highlight important points and make the email more visually appealing and reader-friendly.

When writing thank-you letters, it is important to mention your interest and enthusiasm for the position. This shows the recipient that you are genuinely interested in the opportunity and appreciate their time and consideration. It also helps to reinforce your qualifications and commitment to the position. By expressing your enthusiasm, you leave a positive impression and increase your chances of making a lasting impact on the recipient.

The correct answer is to speak from a manuscript to protect you from saying something unintentional and from blatant misinterpretation. This is because when dealing with a sensitive and potentially controversial issue like a fatal accident, it is important to have a carefully prepared script to ensure that the message is delivered accurately and without any unintended consequences. Speaking from outlined notes or from memory may lead to confusion or the possibility of saying something inappropriate, while an impromptu method may not allow for enough time to carefully choose the right words.

The given statement is an example of expert opinion. It is a statement made by Dr. Thomas Leaman, an expert in the field of anxiety treatment, providing his professional advice on how anxiety is treated.

The left side of the brain is responsible for logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and processing of numerical information. Statistics, being a form of numerical data, require the use of the left side of the brain to analyze and interpret. Therefore, when engaged in using statistics as supporting material, the left side of the brain is utilized.

Mr. Brown lost credibility by avoiding eye contact and shifting his eyes, indicating that he may not be trustworthy. Trustworthiness is a basic element of credibility, as it involves being honest, reliable, and dependable. By not maintaining eye contact and displaying shifting eyes, Mr. Brown gave the impression that he may not be truthful or trustworthy, which ultimately led to a loss of credibility in the board meeting.

The correct answer is 45 seconds to a minute to grab their attention. This is because the question is asking about the amount of time you have to capture the attention of an interviewer once they pick up your resume. It is important to make a strong impression within this time frame in order to stand out from other candidates and make the interviewer want to continue reading your resume.

Text visuals should use no more than four to six lines of text in order to be successful. This is because having too much text can overwhelm the reader and make the visual cluttered and difficult to read. By limiting the text to four to six lines, the information can be presented in a concise and clear manner, allowing the reader to easily grasp the main points.

After 17 days of searching for "Jimmy," the police and mayor had serious doubts about the accuracy of Cook's story. This suggests that the search for "Jimmy" had been going on for a significant amount of time, and despite their efforts, they were unable to find any evidence to support Cook's claims. The length of the search indicates that the police and mayor had given Cook ample opportunity to prove the validity of his story, but their doubts grew as time went on without any evidence being found.

An open-minded and impartial speaker who views evidence and arguments in an unbiased manner is exhibiting the characteristic of objectivity. Objectivity refers to the ability to approach a topic or situation without personal biases or prejudices, allowing for a fair and unbiased evaluation of the information presented. This speaker is likely to consider multiple perspectives and weigh the evidence objectively before forming an opinion or making a decision.

In a follow-up letter, it is important to express disappointment but still show gratitude for the opportunity to be interviewed. This shows professionalism and a positive attitude. Not including a revised resume is not mentioned as a requirement for a follow-up letter. Making a copy of relevant articles is not necessary unless specifically requested. Asking for another interview before the HR director makes up their mind may come across as pushy and desperate, which is not recommended in a follow-up letter.

An informative report typically includes a clearly worded statement of purpose, concrete and vivid words to keep reader interest, and a title page for formal reports. However, it does not necessarily require an inductive approach. An inductive approach involves presenting specific examples or evidence first and then drawing a general conclusion from them. While an inductive approach can be useful in certain types of reports, it is not a requirement for an informative report.

The first step in preparing an informative presentation should be to analyze the audience. This is because understanding the audience is crucial in tailoring the presentation to their needs, interests, and level of knowledge. By analyzing the audience, the presenter can determine the appropriate level of detail, language, and examples to use in order to effectively communicate the information. This step helps ensure that the presentation is relevant, engaging, and meets the audience's expectations.

A metasearch engine is recommended for searching as many sites as possible because it combines the search results from multiple search engines into one. This allows users to access a larger pool of information from various sources simultaneously, increasing the chances of finding relevant and comprehensive results.

Refereed journal articles are those that have undergone a rigorous review process by a panel of experts in the field. These experts assess the quality, validity, and relevance of the research presented in the article before it is accepted for publication. This ensures that only high-quality and reliable research is published in these journals. Therefore, the term "refereed" accurately describes journal articles that have been selected for publication based on the evaluation and approval of a panel of reviewers.

According to Sandberg, bad PowerPoint presentations cost companies $252 million in wasted time. This suggests that ineffective and poorly designed presentations can lead to significant financial losses for businesses. It emphasizes the importance of creating engaging and impactful presentations that effectively convey information and ideas.

When providing information from experts, it is important to cite their qualifications if they are not known to the audience. This helps establish the credibility and expertise of the expert, giving the audience confidence in the information being presented. By citing the qualifications, the audience can understand that the information comes from a reliable and knowledgeable source.

Passing around materials that an audience can see and hold during your speech is recommended at the conclusion of the presentation. This is because it allows the audience to have a tangible experience with the materials, reinforcing the information presented and making it more memorable. Additionally, it provides a sense of closure to the presentation and allows for any final questions or discussions to take place.

The principle for having quality visuals is to avoid using colors that tend to look the same at a distance. This means that when creating visuals, it is important to choose colors that have enough contrast and differentiation from each other so that they can be easily distinguished even from a distance. This helps to ensure that the visuals are clear and easily understandable, enhancing their overall quality.

When citing the source after presenting the evidence, the reader is first exposed to the evidence itself, allowing them to form their own opinion or interpretation. By citing the source afterwards, it reinforces the credibility of the evidence and provides the reader with the necessary information to verify the source. This approach is more effective as it allows the evidence to speak for itself before providing the supporting source, ensuring that the reader is not biased or influenced by the source before evaluating the evidence.

Ethics in communication is important because speakers have the potential to influence their audience members. By being ethical, speakers can ensure that they are using their influence responsibly and not manipulating or misleading their audience. This statement acknowledges the responsibility that speakers have and the impact they can have on others, highlighting the importance of ethical behavior in communication.

The main difference between oral reports and oral briefings has to do with the timing of the two types. Oral reports are typically delivered after a project or task has been completed, providing a comprehensive overview of the findings and results. On the other hand, oral briefings are given before a project or task begins, providing a concise summary of the key points and objectives.

Using the wild card (*) to search for all forms of the word can help in finding more relevant results when your internet search produces too few hits. The wild card allows for variations of the word to be included in the search, increasing the chances of finding relevant information. This can be particularly useful when searching for words with different endings or spellings.

The correct answer is "used sparingly." This means that statistics should be used in a limited or conservative manner. This is because statistics can be easily manipulated or misinterpreted, so it is important to use them cautiously and only when necessary. Using statistics sparingly helps to ensure that they are used accurately and appropriately.

The speaker is using the analogy of taking care of a garden to explain the importance of nurturing and maintaining relationships. By comparing relationships to a garden, the speaker emphasizes the need for attention, effort, and proactive measures to ensure their health and growth. This comparison is not meant to be taken literally, but rather to illustrate the speaker's point in a more engaging and relatable way.

Visual aids are used in presentations for various reasons, such as improving listener's memories, adding to speaker credibility, and enhancing speech comprehension. However, the given answer suggests that visual aids do not enable speakers to present more information than they have time to say. This implies that visual aids do not help in condensing information or conveying complex ideas effectively within a limited timeframe.

Esteem needs refer to the need for self-esteem, self-confidence, and a sense of achievement. They involve feeling proud of oneself, having a sense of belonging, and having a high social status. However, the feeling of belonging is not considered a part of esteem needs. It is actually a part of the third level of needs, which are social needs. Esteem needs focus more on individual recognition and self-worth rather than belonging to a group or community.