CST 110 Introduction To Communication Test #2

1. 38. The cost-benefit/social exchnage theory holds that we work to maintain a relationship only as long as the benefits we receive from it outweigh the costs involved in maintaining it.

True

False

The cost-benefit/social exchange theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships as long as the benefits they receive from the relationship are greater than the costs associated with maintaining it. This means that people are more likely to continue a relationship if they feel that the rewards they receive, such as love, support, or companionship, outweigh the effort, time, or sacrifices they have to make to maintain the relationship. Therefore, the statement "True" indicates that the cost-benefit/social exchange theory holds that we work to maintain a relationship only if the benefits outweigh the costs.

Explanation

The cost-benefit/social exchange theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships as long as the benefits they receive from the relationship are greater than the costs associated with maintaining it. This means that people are more likely to continue a relationship if they feel that the rewards they receive, such as love, support, or companionship, outweigh the effort, time, or sacrifices they have to make to maintain the relationship. Therefore, the statement "True" indicates that the cost-benefit/social exchange theory holds that we work to maintain a relationship only if the benefits outweigh the costs.

2. 101. Talk shows that intentionally promote conflict usually attract guests who lack communication skills and social support.

True

False

Talk shows that intentionally promote conflict tend to attract guests who lack communication skills and social support. This is because these shows thrive on drama and controversy, and guests who are unable to effectively communicate and lack a strong support system are more likely to engage in confrontational behavior. These shows often exploit the vulnerabilities of their guests for entertainment purposes, which can further isolate them from social support networks. Therefore, it is true that talk shows promoting conflict usually attract guests with poor communication skills and limited social support.

Explanation

Talk shows that intentionally promote conflict tend to attract guests who lack communication skills and social support. This is because these shows thrive on drama and controversy, and guests who are unable to effectively communicate and lack a strong support system are more likely to engage in confrontational behavior. These shows often exploit the vulnerabilities of their guests for entertainment purposes, which can further isolate them from social support networks. Therefore, it is true that talk shows promoting conflict usually attract guests with poor communication skills and limited social support.

3. 5. The agressive person insists on standing up for his or her rights while ignoring and violating the rights of others.

True

False

An aggressive person is someone who is assertive and forceful in their behavior, often disregarding the feelings and rights of others. They prioritize their own rights and needs above others, which can lead to them ignoring and violating the rights of others. Therefore, it is true that an aggressive person insists on standing up for their own rights while disregarding and violating the rights of others.

Explanation

An aggressive person is someone who is assertive and forceful in their behavior, often disregarding the feelings and rights of others. They prioritize their own rights and needs above others, which can lead to them ignoring and violating the rights of others. Therefore, it is true that an aggressive person insists on standing up for their own rights while disregarding and violating the rights of others.

4. 59. If a group wants to achieve tasks and build relationships, it must eliminate self-serving roles.

True

False

In order for a group to effectively achieve tasks and build relationships, it is important to eliminate self-serving roles. Self-serving roles refer to individuals who prioritize their own interests and personal gain over the goals and needs of the group. These roles can hinder collaboration, trust, and cooperation within the group, making it difficult to accomplish tasks and establish positive relationships. Therefore, eliminating self-serving roles promotes a more cohesive and productive group dynamic.

Explanation

In order for a group to effectively achieve tasks and build relationships, it is important to eliminate self-serving roles. Self-serving roles refer to individuals who prioritize their own interests and personal gain over the goals and needs of the group. These roles can hinder collaboration, trust, and cooperation within the group, making it difficult to accomplish tasks and establish positive relationships. Therefore, eliminating self-serving roles promotes a more cohesive and productive group dynamic.

5. 60. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, kaleidoscope thinking involves taking existing data and twisting them or looking at them from another angle.

True

False

According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, kaleidoscope thinking involves taking existing data and twisting them or looking at them from another angle. This means that instead of accepting information at face value, one should try to see it in a different perspective or manipulate it to gain new insights. This approach encourages creativity and innovation by challenging conventional thinking and encouraging individuals to explore different possibilities. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects Kanter's concept of kaleidoscope thinking.

Explanation

According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, kaleidoscope thinking involves taking existing data and twisting them or looking at them from another angle. This means that instead of accepting information at face value, one should try to see it in a different perspective or manipulate it to gain new insights. This approach encourages creativity and innovation by challenging conventional thinking and encouraging individuals to explore different possibilities. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects Kanter's concept of kaleidoscope thinking.

6. 32. Control, one of the needs fulfilled by relationships, is conceerned with establishing and maintaining satisfactory levels of influence and power.

True

False

Control is indeed one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. It involves establishing and maintaining satisfactory levels of influence and power. In relationships, individuals seek to have some level of control over their own lives and also exert influence over others. This need for control can manifest in various ways, such as making decisions, setting boundaries, and having a say in important matters. Therefore, the statement "Control, one of the needs fulfilled by relationships, is concerned with establishing and maintaining satisfactory levels of influence and power" is true.

Explanation

Control is indeed one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. It involves establishing and maintaining satisfactory levels of influence and power. In relationships, individuals seek to have some level of control over their own lives and also exert influence over others. This need for control can manifest in various ways, such as making decisions, setting boundaries, and having a say in important matters. Therefore, the statement "Control, one of the needs fulfilled by relationships, is concerned with establishing and maintaining satisfactory levels of influence and power" is true.

7. 9. Feelings in themselves are neither positive nor negative; what you do with them determines whether they are healthy.

True

False

This statement suggests that feelings in and of themselves are neutral and do not have an inherent positive or negative value. It emphasizes that it is the actions and behaviors that stem from these feelings that determine whether they are healthy or not. In other words, it is not the feeling itself that is healthy or unhealthy, but rather how one chooses to respond or act upon those feelings.

Explanation

This statement suggests that feelings in and of themselves are neutral and do not have an inherent positive or negative value. It emphasizes that it is the actions and behaviors that stem from these feelings that determine whether they are healthy or not. In other words, it is not the feeling itself that is healthy or unhealthy, but rather how one chooses to respond or act upon those feelings.

8. 33. The theory of social penetration holds that as a relationship becomes more intimate, the depth of penetration will increase.

True

False

The theory of social penetration suggests that as a relationship becomes more intimate, the depth of penetration will increase. This means that as individuals become closer and more comfortable with each other, they will reveal more personal and private information about themselves. This theory emphasizes the idea that relationships develop over time and that trust and vulnerability are key components of intimacy. Therefore, the statement that the depth of penetration will increase as a relationship becomes more intimate is true.

Explanation

The theory of social penetration suggests that as a relationship becomes more intimate, the depth of penetration will increase. This means that as individuals become closer and more comfortable with each other, they will reveal more personal and private information about themselves. This theory emphasizes the idea that relationships develop over time and that trust and vulnerability are key components of intimacy. Therefore, the statement that the depth of penetration will increase as a relationship becomes more intimate is true.

9. 61. When group members don't have equal status, decisions take longer to reach, and some members may dominate the discussion.

True

False

When group members don't have equal status, it can lead to longer decision-making processes because members with higher status may dominate the discussion. This can happen because members with higher status may have more influence and power within the group, causing other members to defer to their opinions and ideas. As a result, reaching a consensus or making a decision may take longer as all members may not have an equal opportunity to contribute and share their perspectives.

Explanation

When group members don't have equal status, it can lead to longer decision-making processes because members with higher status may dominate the discussion. This can happen because members with higher status may have more influence and power within the group, causing other members to defer to their opinions and ideas. As a result, reaching a consensus or making a decision may take longer as all members may not have an equal opportunity to contribute and share their perspectives.

10. 11. Susan and Juan had different views on the issue of increased taxes. They are experiencing value conflict.

True

False

Susan and Juan having different views on the issue of increased taxes indicates a disagreement or conflict in their values. Value conflict occurs when individuals have differing beliefs, principles, or priorities. In this case, their differing views on increased taxes suggest that they have conflicting values regarding taxation and its impact on society.

Explanation

Susan and Juan having different views on the issue of increased taxes indicates a disagreement or conflict in their values. Value conflict occurs when individuals have differing beliefs, principles, or priorities. In this case, their differing views on increased taxes suggest that they have conflicting values regarding taxation and its impact on society.

11. 8. The second stage of the Abuse Cycle finds tensions erupting into violence.

True

False

In the second stage of the Abuse Cycle, tensions between individuals escalate and eventually lead to violence. This stage is characterized by the build-up of anger, frustration, and resentment, which eventually explode into physical or emotional abuse. It is important to recognize the signs of this stage in order to intervene and prevent further harm.

Explanation

In the second stage of the Abuse Cycle, tensions between individuals escalate and eventually lead to violence. This stage is characterized by the build-up of anger, frustration, and resentment, which eventually explode into physical or emotional abuse. It is important to recognize the signs of this stage in order to intervene and prevent further harm.

12. 6. According to uncertainty reduction theory, when we intially meet someone we are intially uncertain.

True

False

According to uncertainty reduction theory, when we initially meet someone, we are initially uncertain. This means that when we first encounter someone, we lack information about them and their characteristics, leading to a sense of uncertainty. As we interact and gather more information about the person, this uncertainty decreases, and we are able to form more accurate impressions and predictions about them. Therefore, the statement that we are initially uncertain when meeting someone aligns with the uncertainty reduction theory.

Explanation

According to uncertainty reduction theory, when we initially meet someone, we are initially uncertain. This means that when we first encounter someone, we lack information about them and their characteristics, leading to a sense of uncertainty. As we interact and gather more information about the person, this uncertainty decreases, and we are able to form more accurate impressions and predictions about them. Therefore, the statement that we are initially uncertain when meeting someone aligns with the uncertainty reduction theory.

13. 7. For some people who express some anger, the risks for disease may be lower than for persons who express little anger.

True

False

Expressing anger can have both positive and negative effects on health. While excessive and uncontrolled anger can increase the risk of various health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and weakened immune system, expressing anger in a healthy and controlled manner can actually have some benefits. It can help release pent-up emotions, reduce stress, and improve overall emotional well-being. Therefore, it is possible that for some individuals who express anger in a healthy way, the risks for disease may be lower compared to those who suppress or express little anger.

Explanation

Expressing anger can have both positive and negative effects on health. While excessive and uncontrolled anger can increase the risk of various health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and weakened immune system, expressing anger in a healthy and controlled manner can actually have some benefits. It can help release pent-up emotions, reduce stress, and improve overall emotional well-being. Therefore, it is possible that for some individuals who express anger in a healthy way, the risks for disease may be lower compared to those who suppress or express little anger.

14. 31. According to the text, it is uncommon to be able to tell someone only one lie.

True

False

According to the text, it is uncommon to be able to tell someone only one lie. This implies that it is more common to tell multiple lies rather than just one.

Explanation

According to the text, it is uncommon to be able to tell someone only one lie. This implies that it is more common to tell multiple lies rather than just one.

15. 35. The grapevine is an informal conversational network in organizations.

True

False

The grapevine refers to the informal communication channels that exist within an organization. It is characterized by the transmission of information through casual conversations, gossip, and rumors rather than through formal channels. These informal networks can be highly influential in spreading information quickly throughout an organization, often faster than official communication channels. Therefore, the statement that the grapevine is an informal conversational network in organizations is true.

Explanation

The grapevine refers to the informal communication channels that exist within an organization. It is characterized by the transmission of information through casual conversations, gossip, and rumors rather than through formal channels. These informal networks can be highly influential in spreading information quickly throughout an organization, often faster than official communication channels. Therefore, the statement that the grapevine is an informal conversational network in organizations is true.

16. 98. According to the situational theory of leadership,

Some people are born to lead.

The emergence of leadership is affected by factors such as the nature of the problem.

Personality traits are predictors of leadership.

Several group members should be ready to show leadership.

A leader is a person

The correct answer is "the emergence of leadership is affected by factors such as the nature of the problem." According to the situational theory of leadership, the effectiveness of a leader is influenced by the specific situation or context they are in. Different situations require different leadership styles or approaches. Factors such as the nature of the problem, the abilities and skills of the group members, and the level of task structure can all impact the emergence and effectiveness of leadership. This theory suggests that leadership is not solely determined by innate qualities or personality traits, but is influenced by the situational factors at hand.

Explanation

The correct answer is "the emergence of leadership is affected by factors such as the nature of the problem." According to the situational theory of leadership, the effectiveness of a leader is influenced by the specific situation or context they are in. Different situations require different leadership styles or approaches. Factors such as the nature of the problem, the abilities and skills of the group members, and the level of task structure can all impact the emergence and effectiveness of leadership. This theory suggests that leadership is not solely determined by innate qualities or personality traits, but is influenced by the situational factors at hand.

17. 3. Research reported in the text shows that people's moods affect how they see their future.

True

False

The research reported in the text suggests that people's moods have an impact on how they perceive their future. This implies that individuals in different moods may have varying perspectives on their future prospects.

Explanation

The research reported in the text suggests that people's moods have an impact on how they perceive their future. This implies that individuals in different moods may have varying perspectives on their future prospects.

18. 2. Both psychoanalyst Carl Jung and psychologist Elaine Hatfield believed that emotions are contagious.

True

False

Both Carl Jung and Elaine Hatfield, who are respected figures in the field of psychology, believed that emotions can be contagious. This means that individuals can "catch" or be influenced by the emotions of others. This idea aligns with the concept of emotional contagion, which suggests that emotions can spread from person to person through nonverbal cues, facial expressions, and body language. Therefore, the statement that emotions are contagious is supported by the beliefs of both Jung and Hatfield.

Explanation

Both Carl Jung and Elaine Hatfield, who are respected figures in the field of psychology, believed that emotions can be contagious. This means that individuals can "catch" or be influenced by the emotions of others. This idea aligns with the concept of emotional contagion, which suggests that emotions can spread from person to person through nonverbal cues, facial expressions, and body language. Therefore, the statement that emotions are contagious is supported by the beliefs of both Jung and Hatfield.

19. 30. Common causes of lying are to avoid punishment and to gain a reward.

True

False

Lying is often motivated by the desire to avoid punishment or to gain a reward. People may lie to avoid facing the consequences of their actions or to receive some form of benefit or advantage. This can include lying about their whereabouts, their actions, or their intentions. By deceiving others, individuals hope to protect themselves from negative consequences or to gain something they desire.

Explanation

Lying is often motivated by the desire to avoid punishment or to gain a reward. People may lie to avoid facing the consequences of their actions or to receive some form of benefit or advantage. This can include lying about their whereabouts, their actions, or their intentions. By deceiving others, individuals hope to protect themselves from negative consequences or to gain something they desire.

20. 64. For most tasks, a group with how many members seems to work best?

3 or 4

5 to 7

10 to 12

At least 15

For most tasks, a group with 5 to 7 members seems to work best. This is because a group of this size allows for a good balance between diversity of ideas and effective communication. With 5 to 7 members, there is enough diversity to bring different perspectives and expertise to the task, while still being small enough to ensure effective communication and coordination. Larger groups may lead to difficulties in coordination and decision-making, while smaller groups may lack the necessary diversity of ideas.

Explanation

For most tasks, a group with 5 to 7 members seems to work best. This is because a group of this size allows for a good balance between diversity of ideas and effective communication. With 5 to 7 members, there is enough diversity to bring different perspectives and expertise to the task, while still being small enough to ensure effective communication and coordination. Larger groups may lead to difficulties in coordination and decision-making, while smaller groups may lack the necessary diversity of ideas.

21. 12. Toxic Communication includes

All forms of functional communication.

Consistent use of verbal bause and/or physical or sexual agression, or violence.

Intensely positive feelings.

Waning friendship.

Toxic communication refers to the consistent use of verbal abuse and/or physical or sexual aggression, or violence. This type of communication involves harmful and aggressive behavior that can cause emotional and physical harm to the individuals involved. It is characterized by a lack of respect, empathy, and understanding, and can severely damage relationships and overall well-being.

Explanation

Toxic communication refers to the consistent use of verbal abuse and/or physical or sexual aggression, or violence. This type of communication involves harmful and aggressive behavior that can cause emotional and physical harm to the individuals involved. It is characterized by a lack of respect, empathy, and understanding, and can severely damage relationships and overall well-being.

22. 51. Interactions designed to open the channels of communication are called

Phatic.

Plastic.

Pathetic.

Popular.

Interactions designed to open the channels of communication are called "phatic." Phatic communication refers to small talk or casual conversation that serves to establish or maintain social relationships rather than to convey specific information. It is often used to break the ice or establish rapport between individuals.

Explanation

Interactions designed to open the channels of communication are called "phatic." Phatic communication refers to small talk or casual conversation that serves to establish or maintain social relationships rather than to convey specific information. It is often used to break the ice or establish rapport between individuals.

23. 36. When we equivocate, we use purposefully vague language.

True

False

Equivocation refers to the use of ambiguous language to deceive or mislead others. When we equivocate, we intentionally choose words or phrases that have multiple meanings or can be interpreted in different ways. This allows us to avoid giving a clear and direct answer, making our intentions or message unclear. Therefore, it is true that when we equivocate, we use purposefully vague language.

Explanation

Equivocation refers to the use of ambiguous language to deceive or mislead others. When we equivocate, we intentionally choose words or phrases that have multiple meanings or can be interpreted in different ways. This allows us to avoid giving a clear and direct answer, making our intentions or message unclear. Therefore, it is true that when we equivocate, we use purposefully vague language.

24. 78. A Fishbone technique

Identifies a problem's possible causes.

Is a structured brainstorming technique.

Both A and B

None of the above

The fishbone technique is a problem-solving tool that helps identify the possible causes of a problem. It is also a structured brainstorming technique that encourages a systematic approach to identifying and analyzing the root causes of a problem. By using the fishbone diagram, teams can visually map out the different potential causes of a problem and explore various factors that may contribute to the issue at hand. This technique allows for a comprehensive analysis of the problem and facilitates effective problem-solving.

Explanation

The fishbone technique is a problem-solving tool that helps identify the possible causes of a problem. It is also a structured brainstorming technique that encourages a systematic approach to identifying and analyzing the root causes of a problem. By using the fishbone diagram, teams can visually map out the different potential causes of a problem and explore various factors that may contribute to the issue at hand. This technique allows for a comprehensive analysis of the problem and facilitates effective problem-solving.

25. 23. Which of these elements is likely to result in high dissatisfaction in the workplace?

The rugged individual.

The team player.

A climate of trust and respect.

A leader with tolerance for disagreement.

The rugged individual is likely to result in high dissatisfaction in the workplace because they prioritize their own goals and achievements over teamwork and collaboration. This can create a competitive and individualistic environment, where employees may feel unsupported and undervalued. It can also lead to a lack of cooperation and communication among team members, hindering productivity and creating a negative work atmosphere.

Explanation

The rugged individual is likely to result in high dissatisfaction in the workplace because they prioritize their own goals and achievements over teamwork and collaboration. This can create a competitive and individualistic environment, where employees may feel unsupported and undervalued. It can also lead to a lack of cooperation and communication among team members, hindering productivity and creating a negative work atmosphere.

26. 24. When it comes to displaying emotions

Men and women have the same physiological response, but their display of emotions and how they are verbally expressed differ.

Culture and race are much clearer determinants than gender.

Men and women are most alike in how they display anger and hostility.

Because women are viewed as more objective and independent, they tend to display their emotions more easily.

Men and women have the same physiological response to emotions, meaning their bodies react in similar ways. However, they differ in how they display and express these emotions. This suggests that the way emotions are shown and communicated is influenced by factors other than gender, such as culture and race. Therefore, it can be concluded that gender is not the primary determinant of how emotions are displayed.

Explanation

Men and women have the same physiological response to emotions, meaning their bodies react in similar ways. However, they differ in how they display and express these emotions. This suggests that the way emotions are shown and communicated is influenced by factors other than gender, such as culture and race. Therefore, it can be concluded that gender is not the primary determinant of how emotions are displayed.

27. 39. Loneliness results from

Having too many interpersonal relationships.

A perceived discrepancy between desired and achieved social relationships.

A balance between desired and achieved social relationships.

Inclusion.

Loneliness results from a perceived discrepancy between desired and achieved social relationships. This means that when individuals feel that their actual social connections do not meet their expectations or desires, they experience loneliness. It is not about having too many or too few interpersonal relationships, but rather about the quality and fulfillment of those relationships in relation to one's desired level of social connection. Inclusion, on the other hand, does not directly address the concept of loneliness.

Explanation

Loneliness results from a perceived discrepancy between desired and achieved social relationships. This means that when individuals feel that their actual social connections do not meet their expectations or desires, they experience loneliness. It is not about having too many or too few interpersonal relationships, but rather about the quality and fulfillment of those relationships in relation to one's desired level of social connection. Inclusion, on the other hand, does not directly address the concept of loneliness.

28. 4. Conflict always requires two or more people.

True

False

Conflict does not always require two or more people. Conflict can also occur within an individual, known as internal conflict. Internal conflict refers to the psychological struggle that a person experiences within themselves, such as conflicting emotions or desires. Therefore, the statement that conflict always requires two or more people is false.

Explanation

Conflict does not always require two or more people. Conflict can also occur within an individual, known as internal conflict. Internal conflict refers to the psychological struggle that a person experiences within themselves, such as conflicting emotions or desires. Therefore, the statement that conflict always requires two or more people is false.

29. 66. Mary Ellen Glyn feels that people who see problems as games

Are poor problem solvers.

Come up with more solutions.

Are not motivated.

Should get serious.

Mary Ellen Glyn believes that individuals who view problems as games are able to generate a greater number of solutions. This suggests that she sees this mindset as advantageous and effective in problem-solving.

Explanation

Mary Ellen Glyn believes that individuals who view problems as games are able to generate a greater number of solutions. This suggests that she sees this mindset as advantageous and effective in problem-solving.

30. 16. According to the text, a relationship that has no conflict is in effect

At stage 5, bonding.

Not a relationship.

Violating display rules.

A pseudo conflict.

According to the text, a relationship that has no conflict is not a relationship. This implies that conflict is an integral part of a relationship and its absence indicates that there is no relationship. Conflict can arise from differences in opinions, interests, or goals, and its presence is often seen as a sign of engagement and investment in a relationship. Therefore, a relationship without any conflict lacks the necessary elements to be considered a genuine relationship.

Explanation

According to the text, a relationship that has no conflict is not a relationship. This implies that conflict is an integral part of a relationship and its absence indicates that there is no relationship. Conflict can arise from differences in opinions, interests, or goals, and its presence is often seen as a sign of engagement and investment in a relationship. Therefore, a relationship without any conflict lacks the necessary elements to be considered a genuine relationship.

31. 53. According to researcher William Schutz, relationships fulfill three needs. Which of the following is not one of these?

Popularity

Inclusion

Control

Affection

According to researcher William Schutz, relationships fulfill three needs: inclusion, control, and affection. Popularity is not mentioned as one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. Therefore, popularity is not one of the needs identified by Schutz.

Explanation

According to researcher William Schutz, relationships fulfill three needs: inclusion, control, and affection. Popularity is not mentioned as one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. Therefore, popularity is not one of the needs identified by Schutz.

32. 54. Which statement about interpersonal relationships describes women more than men?

Flirting is a way of making a connection.

Their expectations for family life are more traditional.

They bond through shared activities.

They may feel uncomfortable expressing feelings verbally.

Women are more likely to use flirting as a way of making a connection in interpersonal relationships compared to men. This suggests that women may engage in flirtatious behavior more frequently or find it more effective in establishing a connection with others. It does not imply that all women engage in flirting or that men do not engage in this behavior at all.

Explanation

Women are more likely to use flirting as a way of making a connection in interpersonal relationships compared to men. This suggests that women may engage in flirtatious behavior more frequently or find it more effective in establishing a connection with others. It does not imply that all women engage in flirting or that men do not engage in this behavior at all.

33. 56. What stage of a relationship is represented by small talk?

Initiating

Integrating

Differentiating

Experimenting

Small talk is typically associated with the initiating stage of a relationship. During this stage, individuals engage in casual and superficial conversations to establish initial connections and gather basic information about each other. Small talk helps to break the ice and create a comfortable atmosphere for further interaction and exploration, setting the foundation for the relationship to progress to deeper levels of intimacy and connection.

Explanation

Small talk is typically associated with the initiating stage of a relationship. During this stage, individuals engage in casual and superficial conversations to establish initial connections and gather basic information about each other. Small talk helps to break the ice and create a comfortable atmosphere for further interaction and exploration, setting the foundation for the relationship to progress to deeper levels of intimacy and connection.

34. 83. In order for a conflict to be defined as cooperative, the participants must

Develop groupthink.

Demonstrate the willingness to resolve it in a mutually satisfactory way.

See it as a win-lose situation.

Have a 1/1 style on the conflict grid.

Contribute to a defensive climate.

The correct answer is "demonstrate the willingness to resolve it in a mutually satisfactory way." This answer suggests that for a conflict to be considered cooperative, the participants must show a willingness to find a resolution that is satisfactory for all parties involved. This implies that the participants are open to compromise and are actively seeking a mutually beneficial outcome rather than a win-lose situation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "demonstrate the willingness to resolve it in a mutually satisfactory way." This answer suggests that for a conflict to be considered cooperative, the participants must show a willingness to find a resolution that is satisfactory for all parties involved. This implies that the participants are open to compromise and are actively seeking a mutually beneficial outcome rather than a win-lose situation.

35. 86. When attempting to resolve conflicts, you should

Focus on issues.

Focus on personalities.

Focus on lunch.

Focus on not focusing.

When attempting to resolve conflicts, it is important to focus on the issues at hand rather than getting caught up in personal conflicts or distractions. By focusing on the issues, individuals can work towards finding a solution that addresses the root cause of the conflict and promotes understanding and cooperation among the parties involved. This approach allows for a more productive and constructive resolution process.

Explanation

When attempting to resolve conflicts, it is important to focus on the issues at hand rather than getting caught up in personal conflicts or distractions. By focusing on the issues, individuals can work towards finding a solution that addresses the root cause of the conflict and promotes understanding and cooperation among the parties involved. This approach allows for a more productive and constructive resolution process.

36. 29. Obtaining a marriage license would occur during the intensifying stage of a relationship.

True

False

Obtaining a marriage license typically occurs during the commitment stage of a relationship, not the intensifying stage. The intensifying stage is characterized by increasing emotional closeness and intimacy, while the commitment stage involves making long-term plans and formalizing the relationship through marriage or other legal means.

Explanation

Obtaining a marriage license typically occurs during the commitment stage of a relationship, not the intensifying stage. The intensifying stage is characterized by increasing emotional closeness and intimacy, while the commitment stage involves making long-term plans and formalizing the relationship through marriage or other legal means.

37. 67. The term risky shift refers to the fact that

Group members often shift their positions on issues.

Group decisions are often riskier than decisions made by individuals.

A risk is entailed when a group shifts from more formal techniques to brainstorming.

A risk is entailed for a group member who shifts from a 1/1 decision-making stule to a 9/9 style.

The term risky shift refers to the phenomenon where group decisions tend to be riskier than decisions made by individuals. This suggests that when people are part of a group, they are more willing to take risks and make more daring decisions compared to when they are making decisions on their own. This can be attributed to factors such as diffusion of responsibility, social influence, and a desire to conform to the group's norms and expectations. Overall, the risky shift highlights the impact of group dynamics on decision-making processes.

Explanation

The term risky shift refers to the phenomenon where group decisions tend to be riskier than decisions made by individuals. This suggests that when people are part of a group, they are more willing to take risks and make more daring decisions compared to when they are making decisions on their own. This can be attributed to factors such as diffusion of responsibility, social influence, and a desire to conform to the group's norms and expectations. Overall, the risky shift highlights the impact of group dynamics on decision-making processes.

38. 72. An effective group climate includes all but which of one of the following characteristics?

Supportiveness

Top-down decision making

Trust among members

High performance goals

An effective group climate includes characteristics such as supportiveness, trust among members, and high performance goals. However, top-down decision making is not a characteristic of an effective group climate. Top-down decision making refers to a hierarchical approach where decisions are made by those in authority and imposed on the group members. In an effective group climate, decision making is typically more collaborative and participatory, allowing for input and involvement from all members.

Explanation

An effective group climate includes characteristics such as supportiveness, trust among members, and high performance goals. However, top-down decision making is not a characteristic of an effective group climate. Top-down decision making refers to a hierarchical approach where decisions are made by those in authority and imposed on the group members. In an effective group climate, decision making is typically more collaborative and participatory, allowing for input and involvement from all members.

39. 77. Which of the following accurately describes how group composition influences goals?

Members of Western cultures ten to focus on short-term goals with more immediate pay-offs.

Members of East Asian cultures tend to be unwilling to defer gratification, preferring not to see long-term goals.

Members of Western cultures tend to focus on long-term goals, deferring gratification.

Members of East Asian cultures tend to be less patient than members of Western cultures regarding goal attainment.

This answer accurately describes how group composition influences goals by stating that members of Western cultures tend to focus on short-term goals with more immediate pay-offs. It contrasts this with the statement about members of East Asian cultures, who are described as being unwilling to defer gratification and preferring not to see long-term goals. This suggests that cultural differences play a role in shaping individuals' goal orientations.

Explanation

This answer accurately describes how group composition influences goals by stating that members of Western cultures tend to focus on short-term goals with more immediate pay-offs. It contrasts this with the statement about members of East Asian cultures, who are described as being unwilling to defer gratification and preferring not to see long-term goals. This suggests that cultural differences play a role in shaping individuals' goal orientations.

40. 57. The grief process includes

Denial.

Anger.

Guilt.

All of the above.

The grief process includes denial, anger, and guilt. Denial is a common initial reaction to loss, where individuals may refuse to accept the reality of the situation. Anger can arise as a result of feeling helpless or unjustly treated. Guilt often accompanies grief, as individuals may blame themselves for the loss or feel guilty for things left unsaid or undone. Therefore, all of these emotions are part of the grief process.

Explanation

The grief process includes denial, anger, and guilt. Denial is a common initial reaction to loss, where individuals may refuse to accept the reality of the situation. Anger can arise as a result of feeling helpless or unjustly treated. Guilt often accompanies grief, as individuals may blame themselves for the loss or feel guilty for things left unsaid or undone. Therefore, all of these emotions are part of the grief process.

41. 79. A particular kind of communicative act exhibited by a group member is called a

Task.

Role.

Communication network.

Leadership style.

A particular kind of communicative act exhibited by a group member is called a role. In a group setting, individuals take on different roles that contribute to the overall functioning and success of the group. These roles can include being a leader, a facilitator, a mediator, or a contributor, among others. Each role has its own set of responsibilities and behaviors, and they work together to achieve the group's objectives. Understanding and fulfilling different roles is crucial for effective group communication and collaboration.

Explanation

A particular kind of communicative act exhibited by a group member is called a role. In a group setting, individuals take on different roles that contribute to the overall functioning and success of the group. These roles can include being a leader, a facilitator, a mediator, or a contributor, among others. Each role has its own set of responsibilities and behaviors, and they work together to achieve the group's objectives. Understanding and fulfilling different roles is crucial for effective group communication and collaboration.

42. 1. When provoked, men and women have equivalent reactions in terms of heart rate, but when questioned, men usually say they are hurt or sad, while women usually say they are angry.

True

False

The given statement suggests that men and women have equivalent reactions in terms of heart rate when provoked. However, it states that men usually express their emotions as hurt or sad, while women usually express their emotions as anger when questioned. Therefore, the correct answer is false, as it contradicts the statement.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that men and women have equivalent reactions in terms of heart rate when provoked. However, it states that men usually express their emotions as hurt or sad, while women usually express their emotions as anger when questioned. Therefore, the correct answer is false, as it contradicts the statement.

43. 21. When friends drift apart, they are in the ________ stage.

Waning

Stabilized

Nascent

Nautical

When friends drift apart, they are in the waning stage. This means that their friendship is gradually diminishing or declining. It suggests that the closeness and connection they once had is fading away.

Explanation

When friends drift apart, they are in the waning stage. This means that their friendship is gradually diminishing or declining. It suggests that the closeness and connection they once had is fading away.

44. 26. Which of these conflict has the greatest potential to destroy a relationship?

An ego conflict

A value conflict

A content conflict

A pseudo conflict

An ego conflict has the greatest potential to destroy a relationship because it involves personal pride, self-esteem, and the need to be right. In an ego conflict, individuals become defensive, stubborn, and unwilling to compromise, which can lead to resentment, anger, and a breakdown in communication. This type of conflict often escalates quickly and can cause long-lasting damage to the trust and emotional connection between people.

Explanation

An ego conflict has the greatest potential to destroy a relationship because it involves personal pride, self-esteem, and the need to be right. In an ego conflict, individuals become defensive, stubborn, and unwilling to compromise, which can lead to resentment, anger, and a breakdown in communication. This type of conflict often escalates quickly and can cause long-lasting damage to the trust and emotional connection between people.

45. 97. Which of the following statements about the trait theory of leadership is correct?

It is the most recent view of leadership.

According to this theory, some people are born leaders.

According to this theory, it is important for several group members to be ready to lead.

There is ample proof for this theory.

None of the above

The correct answer is "According to this theory, some people are born leaders." This statement accurately reflects the trait theory of leadership, which suggests that certain individuals possess innate qualities or traits that make them more likely to be effective leaders. This theory emphasizes that leadership is not solely based on learned skills or acquired knowledge, but rather on inherent characteristics that some individuals possess from birth.

Explanation

The correct answer is "According to this theory, some people are born leaders." This statement accurately reflects the trait theory of leadership, which suggests that certain individuals possess innate qualities or traits that make them more likely to be effective leaders. This theory emphasizes that leadership is not solely based on learned skills or acquired knowledge, but rather on inherent characteristics that some individuals possess from birth.

46. 43. At which stage of a relationship are two individuals first identified as a pair or a "package"?

Intiating

Intensifying

Integrating

Bonding

Stagnating

Integrating is the stage of a relationship where two individuals are first identified as a pair or a "package". This stage is characterized by the merging of social circles, shared activities, and a sense of commitment and exclusivity. It is during this stage that the individuals start to see themselves as a unit and make joint decisions. The integrating stage marks a significant milestone in the relationship, as it signifies a deeper level of connection and mutual understanding between the two individuals.

Explanation

Integrating is the stage of a relationship where two individuals are first identified as a pair or a "package". This stage is characterized by the merging of social circles, shared activities, and a sense of commitment and exclusivity. It is during this stage that the individuals start to see themselves as a unit and make joint decisions. The integrating stage marks a significant milestone in the relationship, as it signifies a deeper level of connection and mutual understanding between the two individuals.

47. 45. Most of our "white lies" are designed to benefit

Ourselves.

The person to whom we lie.

A third party.

A group, institution, or organization.

The correct answer is "ourselves". "White lies" are typically small lies that are told to avoid hurting someone's feelings or to maintain harmony in a relationship. These lies are usually designed to benefit the person who tells them by avoiding conflict or negative consequences.

Explanation

The correct answer is "ourselves". "White lies" are typically small lies that are told to avoid hurting someone's feelings or to maintain harmony in a relationship. These lies are usually designed to benefit the person who tells them by avoiding conflict or negative consequences.

48. 58. Dominating others is a task role.

True

False

Dominating others is not a task role, but rather a dysfunctional behavior in a group setting. Task roles refer to behaviors that contribute to the accomplishment of the group's goals, such as coordinating tasks, providing information, or offering suggestions. Dominating others, on the other hand, involves exerting control, power, or influence over others in an aggressive or manipulative manner, which can hinder group dynamics and productivity. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation

Dominating others is not a task role, but rather a dysfunctional behavior in a group setting. Task roles refer to behaviors that contribute to the accomplishment of the group's goals, such as coordinating tasks, providing information, or offering suggestions. Dominating others, on the other hand, involves exerting control, power, or influence over others in an aggressive or manipulative manner, which can hinder group dynamics and productivity. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

49. 63. A group is composed of people who

Interact verbally and nonverbally.

Occupy certain roles with respect to one another.

Cooperate to accomplish a goal.

All of the above.

The correct answer is "all of the above". This is because a group is composed of people who interact verbally and nonverbally, meaning they communicate with each other both through words and through nonverbal cues such as body language. Additionally, within a group, individuals occupy certain roles with respect to one another, meaning they have specific positions or responsibilities within the group. Finally, a group cooperates to accomplish a goal, which implies that they work together and collaborate towards a common objective. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the characteristics of a group.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above". This is because a group is composed of people who interact verbally and nonverbally, meaning they communicate with each other both through words and through nonverbal cues such as body language. Additionally, within a group, individuals occupy certain roles with respect to one another, meaning they have specific positions or responsibilities within the group. Finally, a group cooperates to accomplish a goal, which implies that they work together and collaborate towards a common objective. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the characteristics of a group.

50. 74. Stages of group development include

Forming and storming.

Norming and performing.

Adjourning.

All of the above.

The stages of group development include forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming is the initial stage where members come together and get to know each other. Storming is the stage where conflicts and disagreements arise as members try to establish their roles and positions within the group. Norming is the stage where members start to establish norms, rules, and expectations for the group. Performing is the final stage where the group works together efficiently and effectively towards achieving their goals. Adjourning is the stage where the group disbands or completes their task. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as it includes all the mentioned stages.

Explanation

The stages of group development include forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming is the initial stage where members come together and get to know each other. Storming is the stage where conflicts and disagreements arise as members try to establish their roles and positions within the group. Norming is the stage where members start to establish norms, rules, and expectations for the group. Performing is the final stage where the group works together efficiently and effectively towards achieving their goals. Adjourning is the stage where the group disbands or completes their task. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as it includes all the mentioned stages.

51. 85. According to Morton Deutsch, conflict can be productive if

Someone has achieved a totoal victory.

Everyone is satisfied with the outcome.

Everyone sends

It has been defined as competitive.

According to Morton Deutsch, conflict can be productive if everyone involved in the conflict is satisfied with the outcome. This means that the conflict has been resolved in a way that meets the needs and interests of all parties involved. When everyone is satisfied, it indicates that the conflict has been effectively managed and resolved, leading to a productive outcome.

Explanation

According to Morton Deutsch, conflict can be productive if everyone involved in the conflict is satisfied with the outcome. This means that the conflict has been resolved in a way that meets the needs and interests of all parties involved. When everyone is satisfied, it indicates that the conflict has been effectively managed and resolved, leading to a productive outcome.

52. 100. Our society often seems to be oriented toward cooperation rather than competition in a conflict situation.

True

False

The statement suggests that our society is more inclined towards cooperation rather than competition in a conflict situation. However, this is not true. In many cases, competition is prevalent in our society, especially in situations where there are limited resources or opportunities. People often compete for jobs, promotions, and other resources, which indicates that competition is a significant aspect of our society.

Explanation

The statement suggests that our society is more inclined towards cooperation rather than competition in a conflict situation. However, this is not true. In many cases, competition is prevalent in our society, especially in situations where there are limited resources or opportunities. People often compete for jobs, promotions, and other resources, which indicates that competition is a significant aspect of our society.

53. 13. Which of the following are characteristics of romantic relationships?

The expectation of pemanence

Commitment

Passion and intimacy

All of the above

The characteristics of romantic relationships include the expectation of permanence, commitment, passion, and intimacy. These elements are often present in a romantic relationship and are essential for its success and longevity. The expectation of permanence refers to the belief that the relationship will last for a significant period of time. Commitment involves a dedication to the relationship and a willingness to work through challenges. Passion and intimacy are emotional and physical connections that create a deep bond between partners. Therefore, all of the above options accurately describe the characteristics of romantic relationships.

Explanation

The characteristics of romantic relationships include the expectation of permanence, commitment, passion, and intimacy. These elements are often present in a romantic relationship and are essential for its success and longevity. The expectation of permanence refers to the belief that the relationship will last for a significant period of time. Commitment involves a dedication to the relationship and a willingness to work through challenges. Passion and intimacy are emotional and physical connections that create a deep bond between partners. Therefore, all of the above options accurately describe the characteristics of romantic relationships.

54. 48. At what point in a relationship do people become "good friends" and often adopt nicknames for each other?

Initiating

Experimenting

Intensifying

Integrating

Bonding

In the experimenting stage of a relationship, people are getting to know each other better and trying to determine if they have a connection. This is when they start to become "good friends" and often adopt nicknames for each other as a way to show familiarity and closeness. It is a stage where they are comfortable enough to start developing inside jokes and personal references, which are often reflected in the nicknames they use.

Explanation

In the experimenting stage of a relationship, people are getting to know each other better and trying to determine if they have a connection. This is when they start to become "good friends" and often adopt nicknames for each other as a way to show familiarity and closeness. It is a stage where they are comfortable enough to start developing inside jokes and personal references, which are often reflected in the nicknames they use.

55. 96. A laissez-faire leader

Has a leave them alone attitude.

Ismidway between an autocratic and a democratic leader.

Is always ineffective.

Is always a strong leader.

A laissez-faire leader is someone who adopts a hands-off approach and allows their subordinates to make decisions and take actions on their own. They believe in giving their team members autonomy and freedom to work in their own way without much interference or guidance. This style of leadership can be effective in certain situations where the team members are highly skilled and self-motivated. However, it can also be ineffective if the team lacks direction or if there is a lack of communication and support from the leader.

Explanation

A laissez-faire leader is someone who adopts a hands-off approach and allows their subordinates to make decisions and take actions on their own. They believe in giving their team members autonomy and freedom to work in their own way without much interference or guidance. This style of leadership can be effective in certain situations where the team members are highly skilled and self-motivated. However, it can also be ineffective if the team lacks direction or if there is a lack of communication and support from the leader.

56. 44. At which stage of a relationship do the participants ask, "How can I distinguish me from you?"

Intiating

Experimenting

Intensifying

Differentiating

In the differentiating stage of a relationship, the participants start to focus on individuality and seek ways to distinguish themselves from each other. This stage is characterized by the desire to maintain personal identity and independence within the relationship. Participants may start to express their unique preferences, interests, and opinions, and may also set boundaries to establish their individuality. This stage often occurs after the intensifying stage, where the relationship becomes more intimate and close.

Explanation

In the differentiating stage of a relationship, the participants start to focus on individuality and seek ways to distinguish themselves from each other. This stage is characterized by the desire to maintain personal identity and independence within the relationship. Participants may start to express their unique preferences, interests, and opinions, and may also set boundaries to establish their individuality. This stage often occurs after the intensifying stage, where the relationship becomes more intimate and close.

57. 47. The amount of trust we place in another person that can be analyzed with a diagram by William Rawlins is called the

Trust diagram.

Trust matrix.

Trust method.

Trust molecule.

The correct answer is "trust matrix." The question asks for the term used to describe the diagram by William Rawlins that analyzes the amount of trust we place in another person. A trust diagram does not accurately describe the concept, and neither does trust method or trust molecule. The term "trust matrix" is the most appropriate and commonly used term to describe this concept.

Explanation

The correct answer is "trust matrix." The question asks for the term used to describe the diagram by William Rawlins that analyzes the amount of trust we place in another person. A trust diagram does not accurately describe the concept, and neither does trust method or trust molecule. The term "trust matrix" is the most appropriate and commonly used term to describe this concept.

58. 70. A group technique that is used to promote a free flow of ideas is called

Reflective-thinking framework.

Decision by concensus.

Brainstorming.

1/1 (

Brainstorming is a group technique that encourages the generation of a large number of ideas in a free-flowing and non-judgmental manner. It allows participants to share their thoughts and suggestions without criticism, which helps in promoting creativity and innovation. This technique is effective in problem-solving and decision-making processes as it allows for a wide range of ideas to be considered and evaluated.

Explanation

Brainstorming is a group technique that encourages the generation of a large number of ideas in a free-flowing and non-judgmental manner. It allows participants to share their thoughts and suggestions without criticism, which helps in promoting creativity and innovation. This technique is effective in problem-solving and decision-making processes as it allows for a wide range of ideas to be considered and evaluated.

59. 10. During nascent friendship, we consider ourselves an enemy of the other person.

True

False

During nascent friendship, we do not consider ourselves an enemy of the other person. Instead, during the early stages of a friendship, we tend to be more open, trusting, and positive towards the other person. This is because we are still getting to know each other and building a foundation of trust and mutual understanding. Considering oneself an enemy would be counterproductive to forming a friendship.

Explanation

During nascent friendship, we do not consider ourselves an enemy of the other person. Instead, during the early stages of a friendship, we tend to be more open, trusting, and positive towards the other person. This is because we are still getting to know each other and building a foundation of trust and mutual understanding. Considering oneself an enemy would be counterproductive to forming a friendship.

60. 15. According to Theodore Rubin, an emotional isolationist

Violates display rules.

Is at the differentiating stage of a relationship.

Experiences emotion states but not emotion traits.

According to Theodore Rubin, an emotional isolationist tries to protect himself or herself from the exchange of feelings by minding his or her own business, and avoiding relationship entanglements or involvements. This means that they intentionally distance themselves emotionally from others, preferring to keep to themselves and avoid getting too involved in relationships. They may avoid sharing their own feelings and may also avoid engaging with or empathizing with the emotions of others.

Explanation

According to Theodore Rubin, an emotional isolationist tries to protect himself or herself from the exchange of feelings by minding his or her own business, and avoiding relationship entanglements or involvements. This means that they intentionally distance themselves emotionally from others, preferring to keep to themselves and avoid getting too involved in relationships. They may avoid sharing their own feelings and may also avoid engaging with or empathizing with the emotions of others.

61. 19. When we behave nonassertively, which of the following is not true?

We could end up with something we do not want.

We express our true feelings.

We might change directions like a weather vane.

We do not take steps to improve a relationship that is causing us trouble.

We may be afraid of rejection.

When we behave nonassertively, we do not express our true feelings. Nonassertive behavior involves avoiding conflict and not standing up for our own needs and desires. Instead, we may suppress our true feelings and go along with what others want, even if it is not what we want. This can lead to resentment and dissatisfaction in relationships.

Explanation

When we behave nonassertively, we do not express our true feelings. Nonassertive behavior involves avoiding conflict and not standing up for our own needs and desires. Instead, we may suppress our true feelings and go along with what others want, even if it is not what we want. This can lead to resentment and dissatisfaction in relationships.

62. 37. An interpersonal relationship is

Dyadic.

Commuication of a personal nature.

Develops shared history.

All of the above.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because an interpersonal relationship is dyadic, meaning it involves two people. It also involves communication of a personal nature, as it is based on personal interactions and connections. Additionally, interpersonal relationships develop shared history, as individuals build a bond and create memories together. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the question are valid explanations of an interpersonal relationship.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because an interpersonal relationship is dyadic, meaning it involves two people. It also involves communication of a personal nature, as it is based on personal interactions and connections. Additionally, interpersonal relationships develop shared history, as individuals build a bond and create memories together. Therefore, all three options mentioned in the question are valid explanations of an interpersonal relationship.

63. 75. Which statement describes the different ways that men and women approach group work?

Both focus on the group's tasks more than relationships.

Women perceive power as something to be shared, while men use it to enhance their status.

Men focus on relationships to the extent that they enhance power, whereas women focus more on group tasks.

Both see relationships within the group as directly related to the achievement of group tasks.

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Explanation

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64. 20. The text lists an "emotional bill of rights." Which of the following is not part of this list?

The right to make mistakes

The right to express feelings and opinions

The right to make choices for others

The right to say no without feeling guilty

The right not to assert oneself

The given correct answer is "the right to make choices for others." This means that the text does not include the notion that individuals have the right to make decisions on behalf of others. The emotional bill of rights focuses on personal autonomy, self-expression, and the ability to set boundaries without feeling guilty. It emphasizes the importance of individual agency and the right to make choices for oneself, but not for others.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "the right to make choices for others." This means that the text does not include the notion that individuals have the right to make decisions on behalf of others. The emotional bill of rights focuses on personal autonomy, self-expression, and the ability to set boundaries without feeling guilty. It emphasizes the importance of individual agency and the right to make choices for oneself, but not for others.

65. 84. According to Blake and Mouton, if you are a 5/5 on their conflict grid, your guiding principle is

Compromise.

Neutrality.

Problem solving.

Competition.

According to Blake and Mouton's conflict grid, a score of 5/5 indicates a high concern for both people and results. This means that the individual is willing to collaborate and find a middle ground in order to resolve conflicts. The guiding principle in this situation is compromise, as it involves finding a solution that satisfies both parties involved.

Explanation

According to Blake and Mouton's conflict grid, a score of 5/5 indicates a high concern for both people and results. This means that the individual is willing to collaborate and find a middle ground in order to resolve conflicts. The guiding principle in this situation is compromise, as it involves finding a solution that satisfies both parties involved.

66. 93. During any discussion involved with settling conflict, it is important to

Try to define the solution in your own terms.

Use I messages instead of you messages

Try to rationalize the conflict as much as possible.

Distract participants or change the subject when the discussion gets especially heated.

When settling a conflict, using "I" messages instead of "you" messages is important. This means expressing your feelings and thoughts using statements like "I feel" or "I think" rather than blaming or accusing the other person. This approach promotes better communication and understanding, as it focuses on personal experiences and perspectives rather than attacking the other person. It helps to create a more respectful and non-confrontational environment, increasing the chances of finding a mutually agreeable solution.

Explanation

When settling a conflict, using "I" messages instead of "you" messages is important. This means expressing your feelings and thoughts using statements like "I feel" or "I think" rather than blaming or accusing the other person. This approach promotes better communication and understanding, as it focuses on personal experiences and perspectives rather than attacking the other person. It helps to create a more respectful and non-confrontational environment, increasing the chances of finding a mutually agreeable solution.

67. 99. When an urgent decision is required, a Type Y leader is the most effective.

True

False

A Type Y leader is not the most effective when an urgent decision is required. Type Y leaders are known for being participative and involving their team members in decision-making processes. While this approach can be effective in many situations, it may not be the most efficient when quick decisions need to be made. In urgent situations, a more directive and decisive leadership style, such as that of a Type X leader, may be more effective. Therefore, the statement that a Type Y leader is the most effective when an urgent decision is required is false.

Explanation

A Type Y leader is not the most effective when an urgent decision is required. Type Y leaders are known for being participative and involving their team members in decision-making processes. While this approach can be effective in many situations, it may not be the most efficient when quick decisions need to be made. In urgent situations, a more directive and decisive leadership style, such as that of a Type X leader, may be more effective. Therefore, the statement that a Type Y leader is the most effective when an urgent decision is required is false.

68. 71. In group meetings men tend to

Speak longer than women.

Interrupt more than women.

None of these

Both of these

In group meetings, men tend to speak longer than women and also interrupt more than women. This suggests that men tend to dominate the conversation and take up more speaking time compared to women. This could be due to various factors such as societal norms, power dynamics, and communication styles. It is important to address these disparities and create an inclusive environment where everyone's voices are heard and respected.

Explanation

In group meetings, men tend to speak longer than women and also interrupt more than women. This suggests that men tend to dominate the conversation and take up more speaking time compared to women. This could be due to various factors such as societal norms, power dynamics, and communication styles. It is important to address these disparities and create an inclusive environment where everyone's voices are heard and respected.

69. 17. In a low-intensity conflict, the interactants

Want to destroy one another.

Feel committed to winning.

Feel that victory is insufficient unless it is total.

Try to find a solution that is beneficial to each.

In a low-intensity conflict, the interactants try to find a solution that is beneficial to each. This means that they are not focused on destroying one another but rather on finding a mutually agreeable outcome. They may feel committed to winning, but their ultimate goal is not to completely destroy the other party. They understand that victory alone is not enough and that a solution that benefits both parties is the ideal outcome.

Explanation

In a low-intensity conflict, the interactants try to find a solution that is beneficial to each. This means that they are not focused on destroying one another but rather on finding a mutually agreeable outcome. They may feel committed to winning, but their ultimate goal is not to completely destroy the other party. They understand that victory alone is not enough and that a solution that benefits both parties is the ideal outcome.

70. 22. When two people consider each other friends, they are in the _______ stage.

Stabilized

Waning

Nascent

All of the above

The correct answer is "nascent". In the context of the question, the word "nascent" refers to the early or beginning stage of a friendship. It suggests that the relationship between the two people is just starting to develop and grow. The other options, "stabilized" and "waning", imply that the friendship is already established or declining, which contradicts the idea of considering each other as friends. Therefore, "nascent" is the most suitable answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is "nascent". In the context of the question, the word "nascent" refers to the early or beginning stage of a friendship. It suggests that the relationship between the two people is just starting to develop and grow. The other options, "stabilized" and "waning", imply that the friendship is already established or declining, which contradicts the idea of considering each other as friends. Therefore, "nascent" is the most suitable answer.

71. 28. According to your text, a high-tech-high-touch society is one that is at home with computers, but disadvantaged when it comes to establishing human intimacy.

True

False

The given statement is false. According to the text, a high-tech-high-touch society is one that is comfortable with technology and also values and prioritizes human connection and intimacy. It suggests that technology can enhance and facilitate human relationships rather than hinder them.

Explanation

The given statement is false. According to the text, a high-tech-high-touch society is one that is comfortable with technology and also values and prioritizes human connection and intimacy. It suggests that technology can enhance and facilitate human relationships rather than hinder them.

72. 41. Breadth of a relationship has to do with

How central the topics you discuss are to your self concept.

How much you reveal.

How many topics you discuss.

How central the topics you discuss are to your self concept and how much you reveal.

Breadth of a relationship refers to the range or variety of topics that are discussed within that relationship. It is not related to how central the topics are to one's self concept or how much one reveals about themselves. Instead, it focuses on the number of different subjects or areas that are covered in conversations and interactions between individuals in a relationship. The more topics that are discussed, the greater the breadth of the relationship.

Explanation

Breadth of a relationship refers to the range or variety of topics that are discussed within that relationship. It is not related to how central the topics are to one's self concept or how much one reveals about themselves. Instead, it focuses on the number of different subjects or areas that are covered in conversations and interactions between individuals in a relationship. The more topics that are discussed, the greater the breadth of the relationship.

73. 46. Tolerance of vulnerability refers to your

Tolerance for being lied to.

Trust in yourself.

Trust that another person will accept your disclosures without hurting you.

Acceptance of others' weaknesses

Acceptance of your own weaknesses

Tolerance of vulnerability refers to the level of trust you have in another person's ability to accept your disclosures without causing harm or hurting you. It implies a willingness to be open and honest with someone, knowing that they will not use that information against you or intentionally cause you emotional pain. This level of trust allows for a deeper connection and a sense of safety in sharing personal thoughts and feelings.

Explanation

Tolerance of vulnerability refers to the level of trust you have in another person's ability to accept your disclosures without causing harm or hurting you. It implies a willingness to be open and honest with someone, knowing that they will not use that information against you or intentionally cause you emotional pain. This level of trust allows for a deeper connection and a sense of safety in sharing personal thoughts and feelings.

74. 50. A technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships is referred to as

High tech.

High touch.

Both of these.

None of these.

A technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships can be referred to as both high tech and high touch. "High tech" refers to the use of advanced technology and innovation, while "high touch" emphasizes the importance of human connection and relationships. In such a society, technology is seamlessly integrated into people's lives, enhancing communication and connectivity, while also prioritizing meaningful human interactions. Therefore, both terms accurately describe a society that combines technological advancements with a strong emphasis on interpersonal relationships.

Explanation

A technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships can be referred to as both high tech and high touch. "High tech" refers to the use of advanced technology and innovation, while "high touch" emphasizes the importance of human connection and relationships. In such a society, technology is seamlessly integrated into people's lives, enhancing communication and connectivity, while also prioritizing meaningful human interactions. Therefore, both terms accurately describe a society that combines technological advancements with a strong emphasis on interpersonal relationships.

75. 76. A group whose task is to decide what steps should be taken to reduce in-school violence would be working on a question of

Policy.

Value.

Fact.

Society.

A group that is tasked with deciding what steps should be taken to reduce in-school violence is dealing with a question of value. This is because they are determining what actions should be taken based on their beliefs and principles regarding what is right or wrong, rather than solely relying on factual information or societal norms.

Explanation

A group that is tasked with deciding what steps should be taken to reduce in-school violence is dealing with a question of value. This is because they are determining what actions should be taken based on their beliefs and principles regarding what is right or wrong, rather than solely relying on factual information or societal norms.

76. 95. Leadership is the ability to

Achieve a goal.

Create a defensive climate.

Create a competitive climate.

Influence others.

Leadership is the ability to influence others. This means that a leader has the power to guide and inspire individuals towards a common goal or objective. Leadership involves being able to motivate and persuade others to follow a certain direction or make certain decisions. It requires effective communication skills, the ability to build relationships, and the capacity to inspire trust and confidence. Ultimately, a leader's success is measured by their ability to influence and inspire others to achieve a desired outcome.

Explanation

Leadership is the ability to influence others. This means that a leader has the power to guide and inspire individuals towards a common goal or objective. Leadership involves being able to motivate and persuade others to follow a certain direction or make certain decisions. It requires effective communication skills, the ability to build relationships, and the capacity to inspire trust and confidence. Ultimately, a leader's success is measured by their ability to influence and inspire others to achieve a desired outcome.

77. 40. Depth of a relationship has to do with

How central the topics you discuss are to your self concept.

How much you reveal.

How many topics you discuss.

How central the topics you discuss are to your self concept and how much you reveal.

The depth of a relationship is determined by both how central the topics you discuss are to your self-concept and how much you reveal. This means that the more personal and important the topics you discuss are to your sense of self, and the more you are willing to reveal about yourself, the deeper the relationship is likely to be.

Explanation

The depth of a relationship is determined by both how central the topics you discuss are to your self-concept and how much you reveal. This means that the more personal and important the topics you discuss are to your sense of self, and the more you are willing to reveal about yourself, the deeper the relationship is likely to be.

78. 49. A society at home with computers but at a disadvantage when it comes to establishing human intimacy is called

Subversive

Artistic

Autistic

None of these

A society that is comfortable with using computers but struggles with establishing human intimacy is referred to as "autistic." This term is used metaphorically to describe a society that is disconnected or lacks social skills. The term "autistic" is not used in a clinical sense but rather as a way to highlight the societal imbalance between technological advancements and interpersonal relationships.

Explanation

A society that is comfortable with using computers but struggles with establishing human intimacy is referred to as "autistic." This term is used metaphorically to describe a society that is disconnected or lacks social skills. The term "autistic" is not used in a clinical sense but rather as a way to highlight the societal imbalance between technological advancements and interpersonal relationships.

79. 65. Charles Redding suggests that an effective group climate is characterizd by all but which of the following?

Supportiveness

Participative decision making

Trust among members

Oppenness and candor

Low performance goals

An effective group climate is characterized by supportiveness, participative decision making, trust among members, and openness and candor. Low performance goals, on the other hand, are not indicative of an effective group climate. Setting low performance goals can lead to complacency and lack of motivation within the group, hindering their overall effectiveness. Therefore, low performance goals do not contribute to an effective group climate.

Explanation

An effective group climate is characterized by supportiveness, participative decision making, trust among members, and openness and candor. Low performance goals, on the other hand, are not indicative of an effective group climate. Setting low performance goals can lead to complacency and lack of motivation within the group, hindering their overall effectiveness. Therefore, low performance goals do not contribute to an effective group climate.

80. 42. At which stage of a relationship do people begin to share things in common, disclose more, and become better at predicting each other's behavior?

Experimenting

Intensifying

Integrating

Bonding

Differentiating

In the intensifying stage of a relationship, people begin to share things in common, disclose more, and become better at predicting each other's behavior. This stage is characterized by increased emotional closeness and a deeper level of commitment. During this stage, individuals start to develop a stronger bond and become more comfortable with each other, leading to a greater level of intimacy and understanding.

Explanation

In the intensifying stage of a relationship, people begin to share things in common, disclose more, and become better at predicting each other's behavior. This stage is characterized by increased emotional closeness and a deeper level of commitment. During this stage, individuals start to develop a stronger bond and become more comfortable with each other, leading to a greater level of intimacy and understanding.

81. 55. Which statement concerning relationships across cultures is true?

Ending a relationship is equally difficult across the board.

In individualistic cultures a spouse is more likely to be chosen by parents.

Cultural differences have a greater impact at the beginning of a relationship.

Individualistic as well as collectivistic cultures emphasize loyalty.

Cultural differences can have a greater impact at the beginning of a relationship because individuals from different cultures may have different expectations, norms, and values. These differences can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and challenges in the early stages of a relationship. As the relationship progresses, individuals may become more familiar with each other's cultures and learn to navigate and appreciate these differences, making them less impactful over time.

Explanation

Cultural differences can have a greater impact at the beginning of a relationship because individuals from different cultures may have different expectations, norms, and values. These differences can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and challenges in the early stages of a relationship. As the relationship progresses, individuals may become more familiar with each other's cultures and learn to navigate and appreciate these differences, making them less impactful over time.

82. 82. A person who has a competitive set

Percieves a conflict situation in all-or-nothing terms.

Believes that to win, he or she must defeat the other participants.

Believes that his or her own interests are incompatible with those of the other participants.

All of the above.

A person who has a competitive set perceives a conflict situation in all-or-nothing terms, meaning they see it as a win-lose situation where they must defeat the other participants to win. They also believe that their own interests are incompatible with those of the other participants, suggesting a lack of cooperation or compromise. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the mindset of a person with a competitive set.

Explanation

A person who has a competitive set perceives a conflict situation in all-or-nothing terms, meaning they see it as a win-lose situation where they must defeat the other participants to win. They also believe that their own interests are incompatible with those of the other participants, suggesting a lack of cooperation or compromise. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the mindset of a person with a competitive set.

83. 87. Which of the following statements about role reversal is true?

It is a way of helping democratic leaders become more lake laissez faire leaders.

It is a way of helping participants in a conflict understand one another.

It is an unproductive behavior because it entails over-intellectualizing a group conflict.

Role reversal is a technique used to help participants in a conflict understand each other. By temporarily assuming the role of the other person, individuals gain insight into their perspectives, feelings, and motivations. This can lead to increased empathy and a deeper understanding of the conflict, which can ultimately help in finding a resolution.

Explanation

Role reversal is a technique used to help participants in a conflict understand each other. By temporarily assuming the role of the other person, individuals gain insight into their perspectives, feelings, and motivations. This can lead to increased empathy and a deeper understanding of the conflict, which can ultimately help in finding a resolution.

84. 90. Which of the following is true regarding cyber-teams?

They hold virtual meetings.

They link participants in remote locations.

They differ in their degree of virtuality.

All of the above

Cyber-teams are characterized by holding virtual meetings, linking participants in remote locations, and varying in their degree of virtuality. This means that they utilize technology to conduct meetings and collaborate with team members who may be located in different places. The level of virtuality can differ among cyber-teams, indicating that some may rely more heavily on virtual tools and communication methods than others. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

Explanation

Cyber-teams are characterized by holding virtual meetings, linking participants in remote locations, and varying in their degree of virtuality. This means that they utilize technology to conduct meetings and collaborate with team members who may be located in different places. The level of virtuality can differ among cyber-teams, indicating that some may rely more heavily on virtual tools and communication methods than others. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

85. 18. A pseudo conflict occurs when

There is a disagreement over facts rather than values.

There is disagreement over values rather than facts.

Facts cannot be verified.

Someone mistakenly believes that two goals cannot be achieved simultaneously.

One person considers the situation a conflict, but the other does not.

A pseudo conflict occurs when someone mistakenly believes that two goals cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this situation, there is no actual conflict between the goals themselves, but rather a misunderstanding or misconception that they are mutually exclusive. This can lead to unnecessary tension or disagreement, even though both goals could potentially be pursued and achieved concurrently.

Explanation

A pseudo conflict occurs when someone mistakenly believes that two goals cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this situation, there is no actual conflict between the goals themselves, but rather a misunderstanding or misconception that they are mutually exclusive. This can lead to unnecessary tension or disagreement, even though both goals could potentially be pursued and achieved concurrently.

86. 14. Which of the following emotions typically results from interference with the pursuit of our goals?

Surprise

Happiness

Sadness

Anger

Anger typically results from interference with the pursuit of our goals. When we encounter obstacles or barriers that prevent us from achieving what we desire, we may feel frustrated and angry. This emotion arises as a response to the perceived injustice or unfairness of the situation, motivating us to take action and overcome the interference.

Explanation

Anger typically results from interference with the pursuit of our goals. When we encounter obstacles or barriers that prevent us from achieving what we desire, we may feel frustrated and angry. This emotion arises as a response to the perceived injustice or unfairness of the situation, motivating us to take action and overcome the interference.

87. 68. What are the three key types of questions in group discussions?

Group structure, group norms, group climate

Decision-making strategies, decision-making styles, decision-making structure

Fact, value, policy

Observations, facts, inferences

The three key types of questions in group discussions are fact, value, and policy. Fact questions seek to establish objective information or data. Value questions involve personal beliefs, opinions, or preferences. Policy questions relate to the development or implementation of rules, regulations, or procedures.

Explanation

The three key types of questions in group discussions are fact, value, and policy. Fact questions seek to establish objective information or data. Value questions involve personal beliefs, opinions, or preferences. Policy questions relate to the development or implementation of rules, regulations, or procedures.

88. 81. Which of the following is not a self-serving role?

Blocking

Joking

Help seeking

Opinion giving

Opinion giving is not considered a self-serving role because it involves providing one's own perspective or viewpoint without necessarily benefiting oneself. In contrast, blocking, joking, and help seeking are all self-serving roles as they involve actions or behaviors that serve the individual's own interests or needs in some way.

Explanation

Opinion giving is not considered a self-serving role because it involves providing one's own perspective or viewpoint without necessarily benefiting oneself. In contrast, blocking, joking, and help seeking are all self-serving roles as they involve actions or behaviors that serve the individual's own interests or needs in some way.

89. 88. A person who overvalues the maintenance of relationships is called a(n)

Avoider.

Compromiser.

Accomodator.

Competitive forcer.

An accomodator is someone who overvalues the maintenance of relationships. They prioritize maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict over their own needs and desires. They tend to go along with others' suggestions and adapt their own behavior to fit in with the group. This can sometimes lead to them neglecting their own needs and sacrificing their own interests for the sake of maintaining relationships.

Explanation

An accomodator is someone who overvalues the maintenance of relationships. They prioritize maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict over their own needs and desires. They tend to go along with others' suggestions and adapt their own behavior to fit in with the group. This can sometimes lead to them neglecting their own needs and sacrificing their own interests for the sake of maintaining relationships.

90. 89. A person, who when faced with a conflict, adopts a win-lose orientation is called

An avoider.

A compromiser.

An accomodator.

A competitive forcer.

A person who adopts a win-lose orientation when faced with a conflict is called a competitive forcer. This means that they approach conflicts with the intention of winning and making the other party lose. They prioritize their own interests and goals over finding a mutually beneficial solution. This approach can be aggressive and may not lead to long-term positive outcomes in relationships or collaborations.

Explanation

A person who adopts a win-lose orientation when faced with a conflict is called a competitive forcer. This means that they approach conflicts with the intention of winning and making the other party lose. They prioritize their own interests and goals over finding a mutually beneficial solution. This approach can be aggressive and may not lead to long-term positive outcomes in relationships or collaborations.

91. 92. On Blake and Mouton's conflict grid, the optimum style for reducing conflict and achieving a win-win situation is the

Competitive forcer.

Compromiser.

Accommodator.

Problem-solving collaborator.

On Blake and Mouton's conflict grid, the optimum style for reducing conflict and achieving a win-win situation is the problem-solving collaborator. This style focuses on finding solutions that satisfy the needs and interests of all parties involved. It encourages open communication, active listening, and a willingness to explore different perspectives. By working together to identify and address the underlying issues causing the conflict, the problem-solving collaborator aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes that promote cooperation and harmony.

Explanation

On Blake and Mouton's conflict grid, the optimum style for reducing conflict and achieving a win-win situation is the problem-solving collaborator. This style focuses on finding solutions that satisfy the needs and interests of all parties involved. It encourages open communication, active listening, and a willingness to explore different perspectives. By working together to identify and address the underlying issues causing the conflict, the problem-solving collaborator aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes that promote cooperation and harmony.

92. 25. Which description of the role of conflict in a healthy relationship is accurate?

The ideal is to have a conflict-free relationship.

Handling conflicts well means that someone needs to deny his/her needs.

What people disagree about is more important than how they handle the conflict.

When handled well, conflict serves to strengthen the relationship.

When conflict is handled well in a relationship, it can actually strengthen the bond between individuals. This is because conflicts provide an opportunity for individuals to express their needs, concerns, and emotions, leading to better understanding and communication. Through resolving conflicts, couples can learn to compromise, find common ground, and grow together. Conflict can also help identify areas of improvement in the relationship and promote personal and relational growth. Therefore, when handled effectively, conflict can be a positive force in a healthy relationship.

Explanation

When conflict is handled well in a relationship, it can actually strengthen the bond between individuals. This is because conflicts provide an opportunity for individuals to express their needs, concerns, and emotions, leading to better understanding and communication. Through resolving conflicts, couples can learn to compromise, find common ground, and grow together. Conflict can also help identify areas of improvement in the relationship and promote personal and relational growth. Therefore, when handled effectively, conflict can be a positive force in a healthy relationship.

93. 34. Affection, one of the needs fulfilled by relationships, is concerned with establishing and maintaining a feeling of mutual interest...that is, the feeling that others take an interest in us.

True

False

The statement is false because affection is not one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. Affection refers to the display of fondness, love, or care towards someone, but it is not necessarily a need that relationships fulfill. Relationships can fulfill needs such as companionship, support, and understanding, but affection is not specifically mentioned as one of those needs.

Explanation

The statement is false because affection is not one of the needs fulfilled by relationships. Affection refers to the display of fondness, love, or care towards someone, but it is not necessarily a need that relationships fulfill. Relationships can fulfill needs such as companionship, support, and understanding, but affection is not specifically mentioned as one of those needs.

94. 94. When group members are suggesting possible solutions to conflict, the most important approach is to

Rank these suggested solutions in order of feasibility.

Eliminate those which seem impractical.

Suspend judgment.

Vote to choose the top fie, in order of feasibility.

When group members are suggesting possible solutions to conflict, the most important approach is to suspend judgment. This means that instead of immediately evaluating or criticizing the suggested solutions, it is important to withhold judgment and allow for open and non-judgmental discussion. By suspending judgment, group members can encourage creativity, open-mindedness, and collaboration, which can lead to the identification of the best possible solution. This approach promotes a respectful and inclusive environment where all ideas are considered before making any decisions.

Explanation

When group members are suggesting possible solutions to conflict, the most important approach is to suspend judgment. This means that instead of immediately evaluating or criticizing the suggested solutions, it is important to withhold judgment and allow for open and non-judgmental discussion. By suspending judgment, group members can encourage creativity, open-mindedness, and collaboration, which can lead to the identification of the best possible solution. This approach promotes a respectful and inclusive environment where all ideas are considered before making any decisions.

95. 62. "Averaging" is more effective in making decisions than reaching a consensus because all voices count equally and it is less divisive than voting.

True

False

The statement suggests that "averaging" is more effective than reaching a consensus because all voices count equally and it is less divisive than voting. However, this is not necessarily true. Averaging may not take into account the nuances and complexities of different opinions and may result in a watered-down decision. Consensus, on the other hand, involves actively seeking agreement and understanding among all parties involved, leading to a more inclusive and well-rounded decision. Voting allows for individual opinions to be expressed and considered, ensuring that all voices are heard. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation

The statement suggests that "averaging" is more effective than reaching a consensus because all voices count equally and it is less divisive than voting. However, this is not necessarily true. Averaging may not take into account the nuances and complexities of different opinions and may result in a watered-down decision. Consensus, on the other hand, involves actively seeking agreement and understanding among all parties involved, leading to a more inclusive and well-rounded decision. Voting allows for individual opinions to be expressed and considered, ensuring that all voices are heard. Therefore, the statement is false.

96. 80. All of the following are maintenance behaviors except

Gatekeeping.

Harmonizing.

Compromising.

Standard setting.

Initiating.

The question asks for the maintenance behaviors that are not included in the given options. The options provided are gatekeeping, harmonizing, compromising, standard setting, and initiating. Among these options, initiating is not a maintenance behavior. Maintenance behaviors are actions or strategies used to sustain and develop relationships within a group or organization. Initiating, on the other hand, refers to the act of starting or initiating a task or activity, which is not specifically related to maintaining relationships. Therefore, initiating is the correct answer.

Explanation

The question asks for the maintenance behaviors that are not included in the given options. The options provided are gatekeeping, harmonizing, compromising, standard setting, and initiating. Among these options, initiating is not a maintenance behavior. Maintenance behaviors are actions or strategies used to sustain and develop relationships within a group or organization. Initiating, on the other hand, refers to the act of starting or initiating a task or activity, which is not specifically related to maintaining relationships. Therefore, initiating is the correct answer.

97. 27. George and Andy became angry at each other during an online discussion. They began writing insults at each other. These insults are termed

Disagreements.

Flashes.

Flames.

There is no term for online insults.

The term for online insults is "flames". In this context, George and Andy's angry exchange of insults during an online discussion can be referred to as flames.

Explanation

The term for online insults is "flames". In this context, George and Andy's angry exchange of insults during an online discussion can be referred to as flames.

98. 52. When opposing goals meet, _______ tensions occur.

Diabolic

Dialectical

Diverse

Defensive

When opposing goals meet, defensive tensions occur. Defensive tensions arise when individuals or groups feel threatened or perceive that their interests or values are being challenged. In this context, when opposing goals clash, people may become defensive in order to protect their own interests and maintain their position. Defensive tensions can lead to conflict and hinder effective communication and collaboration between parties with differing goals.

Explanation

When opposing goals meet, defensive tensions occur. Defensive tensions arise when individuals or groups feel threatened or perceive that their interests or values are being challenged. In this context, when opposing goals clash, people may become defensive in order to protect their own interests and maintain their position. Defensive tensions can lead to conflict and hinder effective communication and collaboration between parties with differing goals.

99. 69. The reflective-thinking framework was developed by

Alex Osborn.

Douglas McGregor

Gamble and Gamble

John Dewey

John Dewey is the correct answer because he was a philosopher and educational reformer who developed the reflective-thinking framework. This framework emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and inquiry-based learning. Dewey believed that students should actively engage in the learning process and reflect on their experiences to develop a deeper understanding of concepts. His ideas have had a significant impact on education and continue to influence teaching methods today.

Explanation

John Dewey is the correct answer because he was a philosopher and educational reformer who developed the reflective-thinking framework. This framework emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and inquiry-based learning. Dewey believed that students should actively engage in the learning process and reflect on their experiences to develop a deeper understanding of concepts. His ideas have had a significant impact on education and continue to influence teaching methods today.

100. 91. Which of the following behaviors would counter the groupthink mentality?

Rationalization is used to justify a group decision.

Members refrain from disagreeing in order to preserve harmony.

Members assume that silence means agreement.

Outside ideas are permitted to challenge the prevailing opinion.

Allowing outside ideas to challenge the prevailing opinion would counter the groupthink mentality. Groupthink is a phenomenon where members of a group prioritize consensus and harmony over critical thinking and independent decision-making. By allowing outside ideas to be heard and considered, the group is encouraging diverse perspectives and avoiding the tendency to conform to the dominant opinion within the group. This promotes critical thinking, reduces the risk of making flawed decisions, and prevents the negative consequences of groupthink.

Explanation

Allowing outside ideas to challenge the prevailing opinion would counter the groupthink mentality. Groupthink is a phenomenon where members of a group prioritize consensus and harmony over critical thinking and independent decision-making. By allowing outside ideas to be heard and considered, the group is encouraging diverse perspectives and avoiding the tendency to conform to the dominant opinion within the group. This promotes critical thinking, reduces the risk of making flawed decisions, and prevents the negative consequences of groupthink.

101. 73. Which conditions would indicate that an individual rather than a group should be involved in decision making and problem solving?

Multiple solutions are desired.

It is advisable to divide resonsibilities for solving the problem.

Knowledge from a variety of perspectives would be helpful.

The problem is not very complex.

When the problem is not very complex, it is more efficient to involve an individual rather than a group in decision making and problem solving. This is because a group may unnecessarily complicate the process and slow down the decision-making process. In such cases, an individual can quickly analyze the problem and come up with a solution without the need for extensive discussions and coordination with others. Additionally, involving a group may not be necessary when the problem is straightforward and does not require diverse perspectives or multiple solutions.

Explanation

When the problem is not very complex, it is more efficient to involve an individual rather than a group in decision making and problem solving. This is because a group may unnecessarily complicate the process and slow down the decision-making process. In such cases, an individual can quickly analyze the problem and come up with a solution without the need for extensive discussions and coordination with others. Additionally, involving a group may not be necessary when the problem is straightforward and does not require diverse perspectives or multiple solutions.