CRIMINAL JUSTICE TEST
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ANOTHER CJ TEST
- 1.An eye for an eye is an example of punishment based on
- A.
Retribution
- B.
Rehabilation
- C.
Incapacitation
- D.
Deterrence
- 2.Which of the following are most consistent with incapacitation
- A.
Drug treatment, indeterminate sentence and parole
- B.
Banishment, life in prison and the death penalty
- C.
Indefinite sentences, probation and parole
- D.
Indefinite sentences, indeterminate sentece and probation
- 3.The older theory of punishment is
- A.
Rehabilation
- B.
Deterrance
- C.
Incapaciation
- D.
Retribuation
- 4.Incapacitation that focuses on offenders with a high risk of serious recidivism is termed ______ incapacitation
- A.
Focused
- B.
Special
- C.
Selective
- D.
Preferential
- 5.The concept of __________ dominated most thinking about sentencing for the most of twentieth century
- A.
Retribution
- B.
Rehabiliation
- C.
Incapacitation
- D.
Deterrence
- 6.SInce the mid 1970s, the trend in sentencing has been to
- A.
Turn toward rehabiliation
- B.
Increased the use of indeterminate sentencing
- C.
Ignore incapacitation and deterrence
- D.
Decrese judicial and parole board discretion
- 7.A sentence of one to five years imprisonment is a __________ sentence
- A.
Determinate
- B.
Fixed
- C.
Indeterminate
- D.
Mandatory minimum
- 8.A ____ or fixed sentence is a sentence of a specific number of years imprisonment
- A.
Determinate
- B.
Indeterminate
- C.
Indefinite
- D.
Definite
- 9.Wide sentencing discretion and makig the punihsment fit the criminal is most consistent with
- A.
General deterrance
- B.
Rehabilitation
- C.
Retribution
- D.
Just deserts
- 10.The _______ amendment bans cruel and unusual punishments
- A.
Fifth
- B.
Sixth
- C.
Eighth
- D.
Ninth
- 11.Beginning around 1975, trends in prison populations showed
- A.
Slight decreases
- B.
Slight increases
- C.
Marked decreases
- D.
Marked increases
- 12.Traditionally in the U.S., the primary alternative to prison was
- A.
Parole
- B.
Banishment
- C.
Intermediate
- D.
Probation
- 13.Symbolic restitution usually involves some form of
- A.
Community service
- B.
Direct pyment to victim
- C.
A fine
- D.
House arrest
- 14.In many jurisdiction with indeterminate sentencing, the earliest the convict can be paroled is typically when time served plus ____ equals the minium sentence
- A.
Merit credits
- B.
Positive days
- C.
Rehabiliation credits
- D.
Good time
- 15.Fines are most consistent with the punihsment theory of
- A.
Retribution
- B.
Rehabilitation
- C.
Deterrence
- D.
Incapacitation
- 16.Evidence shows that the success at rehabilitation centers on what
- A.
The quality, including the funding, of the rehabilitation program
- B.
That the program forces inmates tochange their behavior by participating job training, counseling, and other reentry programs
- C.
The desire of the inmate to change behavior
- D.
All of the above
- 17.Sentences of flogging, branding, or chopping off a hand are no long permitted in the United States. Why?
- A.
Because states have prohibited these kinds of punishment
- B.
Because of the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unusual punishment
- C.
Because of activism of human rights
- D.
Floggin is still permitted in some U.S. jurisdiction
- 18.Most prisoners on death row have atleast one prior felong conviction
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.Retribution focuses on the crime committed, not on the defendant
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.The executive branch of government becomes involved in punishment by way of pardons and parole
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.The second amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.An indeterminate sentence can also be called a indefinite sentence because it represents a range based on whether or not treatment is successful
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.Restitution is infrequently ordered in federal court because most defendants do not have the ability to pay
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 24.Courtroom work groups use ____ penalties in seeking individual sentences
- A.
Usual crime
- B.
Normal
- C.
Going rate
- D.
Typical sanction
- 25.The most important factor in setting normal penalties in the
- A.
Seriousness of the offense
- B.
Prior record of the offender
- C.
Persuasiveness of the prosecutor
- D.
Skill of the defense attorney
- 26.Factors such as age, mental capacity, and social stability may have an influece on sentencing and are called ____
- A.
Mitigating factors
- B.
Positive and negative sanctions
- C.
Latent and patent considerations
- D.
Exacerbating and exculpatory factors
- 27.Which of the following factors is least likely to deemed unlawfully discrimiatory in sentence decision
- A.
Employment history
- B.
Race
- C.
Ethnicity
- D.
Religion
- 28.Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, both liberal and conservatives began calling for ____ in sentencing.
- A.
A more emphasis on rehabilitation
- B.
More punishment for drug dealers
- C.
Decreasing judical discretion
- D.
Decreasing use of mandatory minimums
- 29.In most indeterminate sentencing schemes, the convict is leased from prison
- A.
Only after serving the full sentence
- B.
When the trial judge feels the convict can safety be released
- C.
When the parole board grants parole
- D.
Only after serving 2/3 of the maximum setence
- 30.Federal court sentence guidelines are
- A.
Popular with taxpayers because they reduce federal prison populations
- B.
Popular among federal judges because it mkes diffclt decisions easier
- C.
Critized for allowing too much discretion and too much leniency
- D.
Critzed as too harsh, unfair, rigid, and complex
- 31.A sentence for a specific term of year that is within the legislative minimum and maximum is a _____ sentence
- A.
Determinate
- B.
Indeterminate
- C.
Mandatory minimum
- D.
Empirical
- 32.The rape and murder of seven year old _______ helped the drive for sex offender registration laws
- A.
Polly Klaas
- B.
Aimee Willard
- C.
Megan Kanka
- D.
Tracy Stemmons
- 33.Which of the following is not a consequence of tougher sentecing laws?
- A.
Fewer plea bargains
- B.
More trials
- C.
Increasing prison population
- D.
Lower taxes
- 34.The murder ofyoung __________ spurred California to pass its three strikes law
- A.
Polly Klaas
- B.
Aimee Willard
- C.
Megan Kanka
- D.
Tracy Stemmonds
- 35.Offical discretion can sometimes be nullify or compensate for serve punishment laws
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.The most important facto in setting normal penalties is the defendants family situaton
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.Sentencing inconsistencies based on extralegal or unlaful is termed sentence disparity
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 38.Three strikes laws were invalidated by the U.S Supreme Court in 2002 in Ewing v. California
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.A judge generally follow the recomendation for the sentencing set out in the PSI
- A.
True
- B.
False
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