Cosmo Written Exam Prep3a

Hair is primarily composed of keratin, a protein that is also found in the outer layer of the skin and in nails. Keratin provides strength and structure to hair strands, making them resilient and flexible. It is produced by specialized cells in the hair follicles called keratinocytes. Calcium and magnesium are minerals that are important for overall health, but they do not make up the primary composition of hair. Cortisone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and is not a component of hair composition.

During the processing time in chemical waving, the hair undergoes a chemical reaction that breaks down the protein structure of the hair. This allows the hair to be reshaped and take on a new form. As a result of this chemical reaction, the hair expands, becoming larger and more voluminous.

Scalp manipulations should not be performed if abrasions are present because manipulating the scalp in this condition can cause further irritation, pain, and potential infection. Abrasions are open wounds on the skin, and any form of manipulation or application of products can hinder the healing process and worsen the condition. It is important to avoid any activity that can aggravate or introduce bacteria to the affected area.

An antiseptic is applied to tweezed areas during arching to avoid infection. When hair is removed from the roots, it creates small openings in the skin which can potentially allow bacteria to enter and cause infection. Applying an antiseptic helps to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, reducing the risk of infection.

Frequent shampooing with highly alkaline shampoo may cause the hair to become dry. This is because highly alkaline shampoos can strip the hair of its natural oils, leading to dryness and lack of moisture. The alkaline nature of the shampoo disrupts the pH balance of the scalp, which can further contribute to dryness. Regular use of such shampoos can also damage the hair cuticles, making the hair more prone to dryness and breakage. Therefore, it is important to choose a shampoo with a balanced pH level to maintain the hair's natural moisture and prevent dryness.

A protective cream is used to protect the skin from irritation and stains around the hairline. It forms a barrier between the skin and external factors, such as hair products or environmental pollutants, preventing them from causing irritation or staining the skin. By applying a protective cream, the skin is shielded and kept safe from potential damage, ensuring a healthier and cleaner appearance around the hairline.

Prelightening the hair is usually necessary when using a toner because toners are used to neutralize unwanted tones in the hair, such as brassiness or yellowing. In order for the toner to work effectively and achieve the desired result, the hair needs to be prelightened to a certain level. This is because toners are semi-permanent hair color products that deposit color onto the hair shaft, and they work best on hair that is already lightened. Therefore, prelightening the hair is an important step when using a toner.

A conditioning treatment is the correct answer because it helps to add strength and body to damaged hair. Conditioning treatments typically involve the use of products that contain nourishing ingredients such as proteins, vitamins, and moisturizers. These ingredients penetrate the hair shaft, providing hydration and nutrients to the hair, which can help to repair and strengthen damaged strands. Additionally, conditioning treatments can also help to improve the overall appearance and manageability of the hair, making it an effective solution for damaged hair.

Before giving a chemical wave, it is important to analyze the hair to determine its condition and suitability for the treatment. Shampooing the hair is necessary to remove any dirt, oil, or product buildup that may interfere with the chemical process. This ensures that the hair is clean and ready for the wave solution.

When a lightener overlaps during a retouch, it means that the product is applied on previously lightened hair, causing the hair to be exposed to the lightening chemicals again. This can lead to hair breakage because the repeated exposure to the strong chemicals can weaken the hair structure and cause it to become brittle and prone to breakage. It is important to avoid overlapping during a lightener retouch to prevent damage to the hair.

The correct answer is spirilla. Spirilla are coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacteria cells that can cause diseases such as syphilis and cholera. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria, streptococci are chains of spherical bacteria, and cocci are spherical bacteria. Therefore, spirilla is the most appropriate answer for the given description.

A temporary color rinse is designed to only coat the outer layer of the hair, which is the cuticle layer. It does not have the ability to penetrate deeper into the hair shaft, such as the medulla layer. Therefore, when a temporary color rinse is applied to normal hair, it will coat the cuticle layer, giving the hair a temporary color change.

A finger wave is a hairstyle that involves creating S-shaped waves in the hair. The peak of a finger wave refers to the highest point of the wave, where the hair is raised and creates a ridge-like shape. This ridge is formed by combing the hair in a specific pattern and securing it with styling products. Therefore, the correct answer is "ridge."

High elevation in haircutting is used to create layers. When hair is elevated at a high angle, it is cut shorter, resulting in layers that add dimension and movement to the hairstyle. By cutting the hair at different lengths, layers are created, giving the hair a textured and voluminous appearance. This technique is commonly used to add depth and shape to the hair, allowing for versatile styling options.

A lightener retouch should FIRST be applied to new growth because this is the area where the hair has recently grown out and is closest to the scalp. Applying the lightener to the new growth ensures that it is evenly and thoroughly covered, allowing for consistent and uniform results. Additionally, new growth is usually darker than the previously lightened hair, so starting with this area helps to achieve a more even overall color. Applying the lightener to the hair ends or mid-shaft first may result in uneven color or over-processing. The hair follicle is not a suitable area to apply lightener as it is the root of the hair and not accessible for direct application.

If the cuticle is slightly raised and accepts color products easily, it indicates that the hair is in a normal condition. This means that the hair is not overly resistant or fine, and it is also not coarse. The fact that the cuticle is slightly raised suggests that the hair is healthy and able to absorb color products effectively.

Oil is suggested for dry cuticles and brittle nails because it helps to moisturize and nourish the cuticles and nails, making them softer and less prone to breakage. Regular use of oil can improve the overall health and appearance of the nails, preventing them from becoming dry, brittle, and prone to splitting or peeling.

The correct answer is chemical wave solution because it is a chemical treatment used to permanently curl or straighten hair. This process involves breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for the hair's natural shape and texture. By breaking these bonds, the hair can be reshaped into the desired style. Shampooing, winding, and neutralizing solutions are not specifically designed to break disulfide bonds in the same way that a chemical wave solution does.

To protect a sensitive scalp during a relaxer treatment, it is important to apply a protective base. This is because relaxer treatments can be harsh on the scalp and may cause irritation or burns. Applying a protective base, such as petroleum jelly or a specialized scalp protector, creates a barrier between the relaxer and the scalp, reducing the risk of damage or discomfort. It is not recommended to use a mild shampoo, apply a conditioner, or use an astringent on the scalp as these actions do not provide the same level of protection as a protective base.

The tube-like pocket that contains the hair is called the follicle. The hair follicle is located in the dermis of the skin and is responsible for producing and nourishing the hair shaft. It also plays a role in regulating hair growth and cycles. The follicle contains the hair papilla, which supplies nutrients to the hair, and is surrounded by various structures such as the arrector pili muscle.

Prior to a permanent wave, it is necessary to drape with a towel and plastic cape. This is because the towel helps to protect the client's clothing from getting wet or stained during the process, while the plastic cape provides an additional layer of protection against any chemicals or solutions used in the permanent wave. The combination of a towel and plastic cape ensures that the client remains comfortable and their clothing is kept clean and dry throughout the procedure.

Sterilization is the most effective level of infection control because it completely eliminates all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from an object or surface. This process ensures that no infectious agents are present, reducing the risk of transmission and preventing the spread of infections. Sterilization is commonly used in medical settings for surgical instruments, equipment, and supplies to maintain a sterile environment and protect patients from potential infections.

Coarse and overly curly hair is the most difficult to press because it is thick, rough, and has a strong natural curl pattern. The texture of this type of hair makes it challenging to straighten and requires more heat and pressure to achieve a smooth and straight look. Additionally, the natural curl pattern tends to bounce back easily, making it harder to maintain the straightened style.

The correct answer is "where hair porosity is greatest". Hair porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture and chemicals. When the hair has high porosity, it means that the cuticles are more open and can absorb solutions more easily. Therefore, in areas where the hair has the highest porosity, such as damaged or porous sections, the chemical wave solution will be absorbed faster compared to areas with lower porosity.

Tint removers are specifically formulated to remove artificial pigment from the hair. This means that they are effective in removing hair dyes, color treatments, or any other artificial color that has been applied to the hair. Tint removers are not designed to remove natural pigment, temporary colors, or conditioner build-up.

An emulsion is formed when two or more non-mixable substances are united with the help of a binder or gum-like substance. In an emulsion, one substance is dispersed in the form of small droplets within another substance, creating a stable mixture. The binder or gum-like substance acts as a stabilizer, preventing the separation of the two substances over time. This allows for the uniform distribution of the non-mixable substances, resulting in a homogeneous mixture.

To remove lightener from hair, it is recommended to rinse it with tepid water. Tepid water refers to water that is neither too hot nor too cold, but rather at a moderate temperature. This is because using water that is too hot can cause damage to the hair, such as stripping away natural oils and causing dryness. On the other hand, water that is too cold may not effectively remove the lightener. Therefore, using tepid water ensures a gentle yet effective removal of the lightener without causing harm to the hair.

A face that is composed of straight lines with a wide forehead and jawline is considered to be square. This is because the straight lines and the wide forehead and jawline create a strong, angular appearance, resembling the shape of a square.

A conditioner-filler is necessary during a chemical relaxer retouch service because it helps even out the porosity of the hair. Porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture, and uneven porosity can result in an inconsistent relaxer application. By using a conditioner-filler, the hair's porosity is balanced, ensuring that the relaxer is applied evenly and effectively. This helps to achieve a more uniform and desired result in the hair texture.

Lightened hair is typically more fragile and delicate compared to other types of hair. Therefore, it requires the shortest processing time in chemical waving to avoid excessive damage or breakage. This is because lightened hair has already undergone a chemical process (such as bleaching or highlighting) which weakens the hair structure, making it more susceptible to damage from further chemical treatments.

When lightened hair is tinted back to its natural shade, it is necessary to apply a filler. This is because lightening hair removes the natural pigments, leaving the hair porous and lacking in color. Applying a filler helps to restore the missing pigments and create a base for the desired shade to adhere to. Without a filler, the tint may not take evenly or may appear dull and lack vibrancy. Therefore, applying a filler is essential in achieving a natural and vibrant hair color.

The correct answer is "bed" because the nerves and blood vessels are indeed found in the nail bed. The nail bed is the tissue underneath the nail plate, and it is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the nail. It also contains nerves that provide sensation to the nail. The other options, such as plate, lunula, and cuticle, do not house nerves and blood vessels in the same way as the nail bed does.

Bones are made up of cells, blood, calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate. The cells in bones, called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, are responsible for bone formation and remodeling. Blood vessels within bones supply oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells. Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate provide the necessary minerals for bone strength and structure. Together, these components make up the composition of bones.

Metal implements should be disinfected with a hospital grade solution because it is specifically designed to kill a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This solution is commonly used in healthcare settings to ensure proper disinfection and prevent the spread of infections. Using antibacterial soap or hydrogen peroxide may not be as effective in completely eliminating harmful pathogens from metal implements. Boric acid, on the other hand, is not commonly used as a disinfectant and may not provide sufficient antimicrobial activity.

Effleurage is a facial massage movement that involves gentle, gliding strokes over the skin. It is known for its soothing and relaxing effect on the face. The light pressure and rhythmic motion of effleurage help to increase blood circulation, reduce tension, and promote relaxation. This technique is commonly used in facial massages to provide a calming and comforting experience for the client.

An antiseptic is a chemical compound that is used to slow down or prevent the growth of bacteria. It is commonly used to clean wounds or disinfect surfaces to reduce the risk of infection. Unlike deodorant, which is used to mask or eliminate body odor, or astringent, which is used to tighten or cleanse the skin, antiseptics specifically target bacteria and inhibit their growth. A fungicide, on the other hand, is a compound used to kill or inhibit the growth of fungi, not bacteria. Therefore, the correct answer is antiseptic.

The test that determines if a wig is made of human hair or synthetic fiber is called the match test. This test involves taking a small strand of hair from the wig and holding a lit match close to it. If the hair melts away and smells like plastic, it is synthetic fiber. If it burns and smells like burning hair, it is human hair.

Tinea capitus is a fungal infection of the scalp that can cause hair loss and inflammation. It is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. Therefore, a cosmetologist would be prevented from performing a service on a client with tinea capitus to avoid spreading the infection to other clients or themselves.

Shears should be used to slither a client's hair. Shears are a type of scissors that have two blades with a sharp edge, designed specifically for cutting hair. They are commonly used in hair salons and by hairstylists to create texture and remove bulk from the hair. Slithering is a cutting technique used to add movement and texture to the hair, and shears are the most appropriate tool for this technique. Razors, clippers, and thinning shears are used for different purposes and are not suitable for slithering.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails, which can cause discoloration, thickening, and crumbling of the nails. It is a condition that should be referred to a physician because it requires medical treatment, such as oral or topical antifungal medications. Referring the client to a physician ensures that they receive the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for their nail condition. Blue nails can indicate a lack of oxygen in the blood, white spots are usually harmless and can be caused by minor trauma, and onychophagy refers to nail biting, which may not require immediate medical attention.

Color fillers are specialized preparations that are designed to equalize porosity and deposit a base color in one application. This means that they help to even out the porosity of the hair, making it more receptive to color, while also depositing a base color. This can be useful when working with porous or damaged hair, as it helps to ensure a more even and consistent color result. Conditioner fillers, compound fillers, and metallic dyes are not specifically designed for this purpose, making them incorrect answers.

By highlighting the cheekbone, the area will appear emphasized. This means that the cheekbone will be made more prominent or noticeable.

The mobility of a pin curl is determined by the stem. The stem refers to the section of the pin curl that connects the base and the curl. A longer stem allows for more movement and flexibility in the curl, while a shorter stem creates a tighter and less movable curl. Therefore, the stem plays a crucial role in determining the mobility of a pin curl.

Alum powder should be used to stop the bleeding of a minor cut during a manicure. Alum powder has astringent properties that help constrict blood vessels and promote clotting. It can effectively stop bleeding and prevent further damage. Iodine, alcohol, and styptic pencils are not typically used for this purpose and may not be as effective in stopping bleeding.

Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkaline compound commonly used as a main ingredient in chemical hair relaxers. It works by breaking down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. Sodium hydroxide is known for its high pH level and can cause skin and scalp irritation if not used properly. It is important to follow the instructions and take necessary precautions when using hair relaxers containing sodium hydroxide.

Myology is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the study of muscles. Neurology is the study of the nervous system, osteology is the study of bones, and physiology is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms. Therefore, myology is the most accurate term to describe the science of muscles.

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, and its pH is typically very high. The correct answer is 10.5 to 11.5 because this pH range represents the alkalinity of sodium hydroxide. The high pH indicates that sodium hydroxide is highly basic and has a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). This makes it a caustic substance that can cause severe burns and is commonly used in cleaning products and industrial applications.

Semipermanent hair coloring is designed to last 4 to 6 shampoos. Unlike permanent hair color, which penetrates the hair shaft and lasts until new hair growth occurs, semipermanent hair color only coats the outside of the hair shaft. This type of hair color gradually fades with each wash, allowing for a temporary change in hair color without a long-lasting commitment. Aniline derivative tints, temporary rinses, and metallic dyes are not specifically designed to last for a limited number of shampoos, making semipermanent the correct answer.

The diameter of the hair refers to its thickness or width. This characteristic plays a crucial role in determining the texture of the hair. Hair with a larger diameter tends to be thicker and coarser, while hair with a smaller diameter is generally finer and softer. The diameter of the hair shaft affects how it looks and feels, as well as how it responds to styling and treatments. Therefore, the diameter of the hair is a key factor in determining its texture.

Keratin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of various horny tissues in the body, such as hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin. It provides strength, structure, and durability to these tissues, allowing them to withstand external stressors and protect the underlying skin from injury. Therefore, the statement "it forms the base of all horny tissue" accurately describes the function of keratin.