Cosmetology Practice Exam 2

Exothermic waves refer to a type of chemical reaction that releases heat energy. When these waves occur, they can cause the solution to heat up, which in turn speeds up the process of processing. Therefore, the correct answer is processing.

Colors with a predominance of red are considered warm tones because red is a warm color. Warm tones are typically associated with feelings of warmth, energy, and excitement. They can create a cozy and inviting atmosphere. Red, along with colors like orange and yellow, are often used in warm-toned color palettes to evoke a sense of warmth and vibrancy.

In the track-and-sew method of hair extension, the angle of the track determines how the hair will fall. This means that the direction in which the hair will flow and the overall style of the hair extension will be influenced by the angle at which the track is sewn. The angle determines the natural flow and movement of the hair, ensuring that it blends seamlessly with the natural hair and creates a desired look.

A wax remover is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to safely and effectively remove wax residue from the skin. Honey remover may not have the same properties or effectiveness in removing wax. Rubbing may cause irritation or damage to the skin. Alkaline remover may be too harsh for the skin and cause adverse reactions. Therefore, a wax remover is the most suitable and recommended option for removing wax residue from the skin.

When applying mascara to a client, it is important to use a disposable mascara wand. This is because disposable wands are hygienic and prevent the spread of bacteria and potential eye infections. Using a new wand for each client ensures that there is no cross-contamination and maintains a high level of cleanliness. Additionally, disposable wands are convenient and easy to use, allowing for a smooth and efficient application of mascara.

A problem solver is someone who has the ability to identify and resolve problems effectively and in a constructive manner. They possess the skills to analyze situations, think critically, and come up with innovative solutions. Problem solvers are proactive and take initiative to address issues, making them valuable assets in any team or organization. They are not limited to a specific role, such as a customer, co-worker, or employee trainer, but rather can be found in various positions and industries.

To avoid contamination, the applicator used on each client should be inserted into the wax only once. This is because reusing the same applicator can introduce bacteria or other impurities into the wax, which can then be transferred to subsequent clients and increase the risk of infection. By using a fresh applicator for each client, the salon or spa can maintain a hygienic environment and ensure the safety of their clients.

Pedicures are a basic part of foot care as they involve cleaning, trimming, and pampering the feet. Regular pedicures help maintain healthy and well-groomed feet, preventing issues like calluses, dry skin, and ingrown toenails. By addressing these foot concerns, pedicures contribute to overall foot health and comfort. Additionally, pedicures can also improve personal appearance by enhancing the look of the feet and nails. Safety is not directly related to pedicures, but proper foot care can indirectly contribute to preventing accidents or injuries caused by foot problems.

The correct answer is "client base" because it refers to the group of clients that a person or business regularly serves. This term implies a consistent and ongoing relationship with these clients, indicating that they are not just one-time customers or occasional contacts. "Client base" suggests a level of familiarity and ongoing interaction, making it the most appropriate term to describe clients that are served on a regular basis.

The long, coiled polypeptide chains that make up approximately 97 percent of the hair's structure are keratin proteins. Keratin is a fibrous protein that provides strength and structure to the hair. It is responsible for the hair's elasticity, resilience, and overall health. Keratin proteins are composed of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. These proteins form strong bonds within the hair, contributing to its durability and resistance to damage.

Chemical hair relaxing is the correct answer because it refers to the process of rearranging the basic structure of extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form. This technique involves the use of chemical products that break down the protein structure in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. It is a popular method for individuals with curly or frizzy hair who desire a straighter look.

Herpes simplex is the correct answer because it is a viral infection that causes fever blisters or cold sores. It is a contagious and recurring infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Psoriasis and eczema are skin conditions that are not caused by a viral infection, while herpes dermatitis is not a recognized medical term.

Shampooing the hair prior to a sodium hydroxide relaxer retouch service is not recommended because it can strip the hair of its natural oils and make it more susceptible to damage from the relaxer. Shampooing can also remove any protective barrier or product that may have been applied to the hair before the service. Therefore, it is important to avoid shampooing the hair before a sodium hydroxide relaxer retouch service.

Wax is a commonly used epilator that removes hair from the bottom of the follicle. When applied to the skin, the warm wax adheres to the hair and as it cools down, it hardens and attaches to the hair follicle. When the wax is quickly pulled off, it uproots the hair from the root, leaving the skin smooth and hair-free. Waxing is a popular method of hair removal as it provides longer-lasting results compared to other methods like depilatory creams or honey.

An electrode is a device that is used to direct electric current from a machine to the client's skin. It is commonly used in various medical and cosmetic procedures, such as electrotherapy or electrolysis. The electrode acts as a conductor, allowing the electric current to flow through it and into the client's skin, where it can have various therapeutic or cosmetic effects.

Effleurage is a massage movement that involves long, sweeping strokes using the palms of the hands. It is typically performed at the beginning and end of a massage session to warm up and relax the muscles. Effleurage helps to increase blood flow, promote relaxation, and prepare the body for deeper massage techniques. It is considered a gentle and soothing movement that sets the tone for the rest of the massage.

To ensure complete penetration of permanent wave solution on coarse hair, it is important to saturate the cortex. The cortex is the innermost layer of the hair shaft, where the hair's structure and strength are located. Coarse hair typically has a thicker cortex, making it more resistant to chemical treatments. By saturating the cortex with the permanent wave solution, it allows the chemicals to effectively break and reform the hair's bonds, resulting in a successful and long-lasting perm.

Retin-A is a topical medication that contains tretinoin, a derivative of vitamin A. It is commonly used to treat acne and improve the appearance of the skin. However, it can cause skin sensitivity and irritation, making it unsuitable for hair removal services. Therefore, clients taking Retin-A should avoid hair removal treatments to prevent any adverse reactions or complications.

Cream lighteners have a thicker consistency compared to other lighteners such as powder, oil, and paste. This thicker consistency allows for better control during scalp application. Cream lighteners are easier to apply evenly and stay in place, making them ideal for precise and controlled lightening techniques.

An independent salon refers to a small salon that is owned by an individual or two or more partners. Unlike a franchise salon or a corporate chain, an independent salon is not part of a larger company or brand. It operates independently and has its own unique identity and management. This type of salon allows the owners to have more control over the business and make decisions based on their own preferences and vision.

The correct answer is hair lightening. Hair lightening refers to the chemical process of removing or lightening the natural or artificial color pigment from the hair. This process involves the use of hair bleach or other lightening agents to break down the pigment molecules and lighten the hair color. It is commonly used when someone wants to go from a darker hair color to a lighter shade or to create highlights or balayage effects.

To be successful in sales, having a good personality is important. Salespeople need to be able to build rapport and establish trust with clients, which can be achieved through having a pleasant and likable personality. A good personality allows salespeople to effectively communicate and connect with potential customers, making them more likely to make a purchase. Additionally, a good personality can help salespeople handle rejection and setbacks in a positive and resilient manner, which is crucial in the sales industry.

The term used to measure the hydrogen ions in a solution that determine its alkalinity or acidity is "potential hydrogen". This term refers to the measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, which indicates its level of acidity or alkalinity. It is often represented by the symbol "pH" and is measured on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 indicating acidity, and values above 7 indicating alkalinity.

Seborrheic dermatitis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation of the sebaceous glands, causing redness and flaky skin in the scalp and hairline. Acne rosacea is a different condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness and pimples. Asteatosis refers to dry skin, while scale dermatitis is a broad term for various skin conditions characterized by scaling or flaking. Therefore, seborrheic dermatitis is the most appropriate answer based on the given description.

Fungi are parasitic organisms that can cause infections in the feet and hands under certain conditions. These infections are commonly known as tinea pedis or "athlete's foot." Fungi thrive in warm and moist environments, making the feet and hands susceptible to infection, especially in situations like wearing tight shoes or not drying them properly. Therefore, fungi are the correct answer as they are the specific type of parasite that can cause these infections.

A nail form is a tool used in nail enhancements to create an extension of the natural nail. It is placed under the free edge of the nail to provide support and structure for the nail enhancement. Unlike nail extenders, which are typically pre-made tips that are glued onto the natural nail, a nail form is a flexible piece of material that is customized and shaped to fit the individual's nail. It allows for a more precise and tailored nail enhancement application. Silk wraps and synthetic fibers are materials used in nail enhancements, but they are not specifically related to the use of a nail form.

Defaulting refers to the act of not fulfilling financial obligations, such as failing to make payments on mortgages or student loans. It is the failure to repay a debt as agreed upon, resulting in negative consequences for the borrower, such as damage to credit scores and potential legal actions by the lender.

Cool tones are colors that have a blue undertone, such as blues, greens, and purples. These colors tend to absorb more light, making them appear darker than their actual level. This is because cool tones reflect less light back to our eyes, giving them a darker and more subdued appearance. Warm tones, on the other hand, have a yellow or red undertone and tend to reflect more light, making them appear brighter and more vibrant. Natural tones and lightest tones do not necessarily have a specific undertone and may vary in their light-absorbing properties.

Warm water can help relax the eyebrow tissue because it helps to increase blood flow to the area, which can promote relaxation and reduce tension. Cold water may have a constricting effect on the blood vessels, while alcohol and astringent can be too harsh and drying for the delicate eyebrow tissue. Therefore, warm water is the best option for saturating pledgets or towels to relax the eyebrow tissue.

Chemical services performed on overly porous hair require solutions that have a low pH. This is because overly porous hair has a damaged cuticle layer, which makes it more prone to damage from chemicals. Using a low pH solution helps to minimize further damage and ensure that the hair is not overly processed. A low pH solution helps to close the cuticle layer, making the hair smoother and more manageable. On the other hand, high pH or alkaline solutions can further damage the hair and cause it to become more porous. Therefore, using a low pH solution is essential for chemical services on overly porous hair.

Pustules are pimples that have a pus head. They are small, inflamed bumps on the skin that contain white or yellowish pus. Pustules are a common type of acne and are often caused by the buildup of bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells in the pores. They can be painful and may leave behind scars or dark spots if not treated properly.

Melanonychia refers to a dark band within the nail plate that extends from the base to the free edge, caused by increased pigmentation. It is a condition where the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, produce an excess amount of pigment in the nail bed. This can be caused by various factors such as trauma, medications, hormonal changes, or underlying medical conditions. Melanonychia is typically harmless, but it is important to monitor any changes in the appearance of the nails and consult a healthcare professional if necessary.

The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft, composed of overlapping scales that protect the inner cortex. It plays a role in shine, moisture retention, and overall hair health, but it does not regulate hair growth. Hair growth is primarily influenced by factors within the hair follicle, such as the dermal papilla and hair matrix.

A simple resume should ideally have one page. This is because employers and recruiters typically spend only a few seconds scanning a resume, so a concise and focused document is more likely to grab their attention. A one-page resume allows the candidate to highlight their most relevant skills, experiences, and qualifications without overwhelming the reader with unnecessary information. Additionally, a shorter resume is easier to read and digest, making it more likely to leave a positive impression on the employer.

A soap cap is a mixture of shampoo and hair color that is used to brighten the hair color before rinsing. It is typically applied to the hair for a short period of time and then rinsed out. This technique is often used to refresh the color or to lighten it slightly without the need for a full coloring process.

Glyceryl monothioglycolate is the correct answer because it is an acid with a low pH that acts as the primary reducing agent in acid waves. It is commonly used in hair perming products to break the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. The low pH of glyceryl monothioglycolate helps to soften and break down the hair structure, making it easier to manipulate during the perming process.

The strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of hydroxide. Hydroxide is a key ingredient in relaxers as it helps break down the protein structure in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped and straightened. Different concentrations of hydroxide can result in varying degrees of hair straightening, with higher concentrations typically providing stronger and longer-lasting results. Therefore, the concentration of hydroxide plays a crucial role in determining the strength of a hair relaxer.

The eponychium is the correct answer because it refers to the tissue that covers the base of the nail. It is commonly known as the cuticle and is pushed back and loosened with the spoon end of a metal implement during a manicure or pedicure. The eponychium helps protect the nail matrix, which is responsible for nail growth, from bacteria and infection.

Salt bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges. These bonds are formed between charged groups in molecules, such as the attraction between positively charged amino acids and negatively charged amino acids in proteins. Salt bonds are important for protein structure and stability, as they contribute to the folding and organization of the protein. They can be disrupted by changes in pH or temperature, leading to denaturation of the protein.

UV lightbulbs are commonly used in various applications such as water purification, air sterilization, and tanning beds. The frequency at which they should be changed depends on their usage. If the UV lightbulb is used in a residential setting or for personal use, it is typically recommended to change it two or three times per year. However, if the UV lightbulb is used in a commercial or industrial setting where it is used more frequently, it may need to be changed more often, such as two or three times per month.

The overcast stitch is a simple and quick stitch that can be used to secure the entire length of a weft to a track. This stitch involves making diagonal stitches over the edges of the weft, which helps to prevent the weft from unraveling or coming loose. It is a reliable method for securing the weft and ensuring its durability.

Acrylic (methacrylate) enhancements should be soaked for 20 to 30 minutes during removal. This is because acrylic enhancements are a type of artificial nails that are made of a combination of liquid monomer and powder polymer. Soaking them for this duration allows the acetone to penetrate and break down the acrylic, making it easier to remove without causing damage to the natural nails. Soaking for a shorter time may not fully dissolve the acrylic, while soaking for a longer time may unnecessarily prolong the removal process.

When attempting to color unpigmented hair in a salt-and-pepper head to ensure gray coverage, it is typically advisable to formulate the color one or two levels darker than the natural level. This helps ensure that the gray hair is effectively covered and blends well with the natural hair color. Choosing a color that is too dark may result in a harsh contrast, while choosing one that is too light may not effectively cover the gray.

In a basic perm wrap, the rods are divided into two sections. The top section is wrapped half off the base, meaning that the hair is wrapped around the rod halfway between the scalp and the ends of the hair. The bottom section is wrapped on base, which means that the hair is wrapped directly on the rod at the scalp. This technique allows for more volume and lift at the roots while still providing curl and movement throughout the hair.

The client's hair structure is a significant factor in the product selection for color application. The structure of the hair refers to its texture, whether it is fine, medium, or coarse. Different hair structures react differently to color products, and certain products may work better or have different effects depending on the hair structure. Therefore, understanding the client's hair structure is crucial in choosing the right color products for the application.

Acne vulgaris is the correct answer because it is the most common form of acne that affects the majority of people. It is characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads on the skin. The term "vulgaris" refers to its common occurrence and not to any specific characteristic of the acne. The other options, acne milia, acne cortisone, and acne fissure, are not accurate terms used to describe common pimples.

Massage preparations are products that are specifically designed to be used for massaging the skin. These preparations are formulated with ingredients that provide lubrication and moisturization to the skin, allowing for a smooth and comfortable massage experience. They are often infused with essential oils or other beneficial ingredients that can help relax the muscles and improve the overall well-being of the individual receiving the massage. Unlike cuticle softeners, abrasive scrubs, or massage masques, massage preparations are specifically intended for massaging purposes and are not typically used for other skincare treatments.

Eye tabbing is the correct answer for the procedure of applying individual eyelashes directly on the client's own lashes at the base. This technique involves attaching individual eyelash extensions to each natural lash, creating a fuller and more voluminous look. It is a popular method in the beauty industry for enhancing the appearance of eyelashes and achieving a more glamorous look.

Potassium hydroxide relaxers are often marketed and sold as no-mix-no-lye relaxers. This means that they do not require the addition of any other chemicals or activators, such as lye, to be effective. Potassium hydroxide relaxers are known for their ability to straighten and relax the hair without causing excessive damage or breakage. They are generally milder and less harsh on the scalp compared to other types of relaxers, making them a popular choice for individuals with sensitive skin or those who prefer a gentler chemical treatment for their hair.

Incorporating is one of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets. When a business is incorporated, it becomes a separate legal entity from its owner. This means that the owner's personal assets are not at risk if the business faces financial difficulties or legal issues. Incorporation provides limited liability protection, which helps shield personal assets from business debts and lawsuits. By incorporating, the business owner can separate their personal finances from the business's finances, ensuring that their personal assets are protected.