Lab Quiz Batch II

Explanation
In socket programming, the client needs to know both the IP address of the server and the port number. The IP address is used to identify the server's location in the network, while the port number specifies the specific application or service running on the server that the client wants to connect to. By knowing both the IP address and the port number, the client can establish a connection with the server and communicate effectively.

Explanation
The java.net.InetAddress class represents an IP Address. It is used to encapsulate both the numerical IP address and the hostname. This class provides methods to get the IP address in both textual and numerical formats, as well as methods to resolve hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa.

Explanation
A datagram is a unit of data that is transmitted over a network. It is a self-contained message that carries information from the source to the destination. However, unlike other forms of data transmission, a datagram does not provide any guarantees regarding its content, arrival, or arrival time. It is a best-effort delivery mechanism where the data may arrive out of order, be lost, or be delayed. Therefore, the statement that there is no guarantee of its content, arrival, or arrival time is true.

Explanation
Both the DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes are used for connection-less socket programming. The DatagramSocket class represents a socket for sending and receiving datagram packets. It provides methods for creating and binding a socket, sending and receiving packets, and closing the socket. The DatagramPacket class represents a packet of data that can be sent or received through a DatagramSocket. It contains the data to be sent or received, along with information about the destination or source address and port. Therefore, both classes are essential for connection-less socket programming.

Explanation
This answer correctly lists the OSI PDUs in order from highest to lowest level. The OSI model consists of seven layers, and each layer has its own PDU (Protocol Data Unit). Starting from the highest level, the correct order is: Data (Application layer), Segment (Transport layer), Packet (Network layer), Frame (Data Link layer), and Bit (Physical layer).

Explanation
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the correct answer because it is a connection-oriented and reliable transport layer protocol. TCP establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before data transmission, ensuring that all data packets are received in the correct order and without errors. It also provides mechanisms for flow control and congestion control to optimize data transmission. Unlike UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable data delivery, TCP is widely used for applications that require reliable and ordered delivery of data, such as web browsing, file transfer, and email.

Explanation
The Transport layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring reliable end-to-end delivery of data. This layer establishes a connection between the source and destination devices and breaks the data into smaller segments for transmission. It also handles error checking, flow control, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data. By providing these services, the Transport layer ensures that data is delivered accurately and in the correct order to the receiving device.

Explanation
Logical addressing is found in the Network layer, while physical addressing is found in the Data Link layer. In a computer network, logical addressing refers to the use of IP addresses to uniquely identify devices and enable communication between them. This addressing is done at the Network layer of the OSI model. On the other hand, physical addressing involves the use of MAC addresses to identify devices at the Data Link layer. MAC addresses are hardware addresses that are assigned to network interface cards and are used for communication within a local network.

Explanation
In a datagram subnet, each packet is routed independently. This means that each packet is treated as a separate entity and is routed based on the destination address contained within the packet itself. There is no established path or connection between the source and destination, and each packet can take a different route if necessary. This allows for more flexibility and efficiency in routing, as packets can be dynamically routed based on network conditions and congestion levels.

Explanation
In a datagram subnet, a new route is chosen for every packet sent. This means that for each individual packet, the network will determine the most appropriate route to take based on current conditions and network congestion. This allows for more efficient and flexible routing, as each packet can be dynamically routed to avoid congestion or network failures.