Consciousness Chapter 6 Test

2.

Sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours.

Circadian rhythm
Twilight state
REM sleep

Correct Answer

A. Circadian rhythm

Explanation

A circadian rhythm refers to a biological process that follows a 24-hour cycle and regulates various behavioral changes in an organism. These changes can include sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and body temperature fluctuations. The term "circadian" comes from the Latin words "circa" meaning "around" and "diem" meaning "day," indicating that these rhythms occur approximately once every day. Therefore, the answer "circadian rhythm" accurately describes the sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours.

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1

3.

Beta waves are rapid brain waves that appear when a person is awake.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Beta waves are indeed rapid brain waves that are associated with wakefulness. When a person is awake and engaged in mental activity or focused tasks, their brain produces beta waves. These waves have a frequency of 13 to 30 cycles per second and are typically observed in the frontal lobe of the brain. Beta waves are also present during periods of stress or anxiety. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it accurately describes the relationship between beta waves and wakefulness.

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4.

Internal chemical units that control regular cycles in parts of the body.

Free-running cycles
Biological clocks
Entrainment

Correct Answer

A. Biological clocks

Explanation

Biological clocks refer to internal chemical units that control regular cycles in different parts of the body. These clocks help regulate various biological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and metabolism. They ensure that these processes occur at the right time and in sync with external cues like light and darkness. Biological clocks are responsible for maintaining our circadian rhythms and help us adapt to changes in the environment. They play a crucial role in maintaining our overall health and well-being.

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5.

The awareness of, or the possibility of knowing, what is happening inside or outside the organism.

Correct Answer
Consciousness

Explanation
Consciousness refers to the state of being aware of one's surroundings, thoughts, and emotions. It encompasses the ability to perceive and understand both internal and external stimuli. This includes having knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences, as well as being aware of the events and circumstances in the external world. Consciousness is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and plays a crucial role in shaping our perception, decision-making, and overall experience of reality.

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6.

Delta waves are fairly relaxed brain waves that occur just before going to sleep; relaxed.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Delta waves are not fairly relaxed brain waves that occur just before going to sleep. In fact, delta waves are the slowest brain waves that are associated with deep sleep and unconsciousness. They are characterized by a high amplitude and low frequency, indicating a state of deep relaxation and restorative sleep. Therefore, the given statement is false.

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7.

Alpha waves are slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Alpha waves are not slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves. In fact, alpha waves are relatively fast brain waves that occur when a person is awake but in a relaxed state, such as during meditation or daydreaming. They are typically associated with a calm and focused mental state, rather than deep sleep. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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8.

REM rebound is a horrible dream occurring during NREM when the body is not prepared for it.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

REM rebound refers to the phenomenon where there is an increase in the amount and intensity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep following a period of sleep deprivation. It occurs during REM sleep, not NREM sleep. During REM rebound, the body compensates for the lack of REM sleep by increasing the time spent in this sleep stage. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

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9.

Incubus attack is an increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of them.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement suggests that an incubus attack is an increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of them, but this is not true. An incubus attack is actually a type of sleep disorder characterized by a feeling of pressure on the chest, difficulty breathing, and a sense of being held down. It is often associated with feelings of fear and is not related to an increase in the number of dreams. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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10.

Rapid eye movement sleep when we dream.

Correct Answer
REM sleep

Explanation
REM sleep refers to a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement, hence the name. During this stage, our brain activity increases and becomes similar to that of being awake. It is during REM sleep that we experience vivid dreams. This stage is important for various cognitive functions, including memory consolidation and emotional processing. REM sleep typically occurs several times throughout the night, with each cycle lasting around 90-120 minutes.

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11.

Thoughts or desires about which we can have no direct knowledge.

Correct Answer
Unconscious

Explanation
The term "unconscious" refers to thoughts or desires that exist within our mind but are not accessible to our conscious awareness. These thoughts and desires can influence our behavior and emotions without us being aware of them. The unconscious mind plays a significant role in psychoanalytic theories, where it is believed to contain repressed memories, instincts, and unresolved conflicts. Understanding the unconscious can help individuals gain insight into their behaviors and motivations.

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12.

Relaxed state just before we fall asleep.

REM sleep
NREM sleep
Twilight state

Correct Answer

A. Twilight state

Explanation

The given question is asking for the term that describes the relaxed state just before we fall asleep. The correct answer is "twilight state". This term refers to the transitional period between wakefulness and sleep, where the body and mind start to relax and prepare for sleep. It is characterized by a decrease in brain activity and a feeling of drowsiness. This state is often associated with a sense of calmness and tranquility, making it an accurate description of the relaxed state just before falling asleep.

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13.

The process of altering the free-running cycle to fit a different rhythm.

Twilight state
Circadian rhythm
Entrainment

Correct Answer

A. Entrainment

Explanation

Entrainment refers to the process of adjusting or synchronizing the body's internal biological rhythm, known as the circadian rhythm, to match an external rhythm or time cue. It involves altering the free-running cycle, which is the natural rhythm of an organism, to fit a different rhythm. Entrainment can occur through exposure to external cues such as light, temperature, or social interactions, which help regulate the timing of biological processes. The term "twilight state" does not accurately describe the process of altering the free-running cycle, and "circadian rhythm" refers to the body's natural 24-hour cycle, rather than the process of altering it.

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14.

Cycles set up by biological clocks that are under their own control, ignoring the environment.

Free-running cycles
Biological clocks
Circadian rhythm

Correct Answer

A. Free-running cycles

Explanation

Free-running cycles refer to biological rhythms or cycles that are regulated by internal biological clocks, rather than being influenced by external factors or the environment. These cycles are self-sustaining and continue to occur even in the absence of external cues. Biological clocks are responsible for regulating these free-running cycles, which include various rhythms such as the circadian rhythm. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes the concept of free-running cycles being controlled by biological clocks and independent of the environment.

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15.

Consciousness just below our present awareness.

Correct Answer
Subconscious

Explanation
The term "consciousness just below our present awareness" refers to the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind is a part of our mental processes that operates below the level of conscious awareness. It stores information, memories, and beliefs that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. While we may not be consciously aware of these influences, they can still affect our thoughts and actions. Therefore, the correct answer is subconscious.

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16.

Non-rapid eye movement asleep; sleep involving partial thoughts, images, or stories, poor organization.

Correct Answer
NREM sleep

Explanation
NREM sleep refers to non-rapid eye movement sleep, which is a phase of sleep characterized by partial thoughts, images, or stories and poor organization. During NREM sleep, the brain is less active compared to REM sleep, and there is a lack of rapid eye movement. This stage of sleep is essential for restorative functions such as physical growth, tissue repair, and memory consolidation. NREM sleep is typically divided into three stages, with each stage representing a different level of depth and relaxation.

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17.

A concept requiring a belief in something that cannot be seen or touched but that seems to exist.

Correct Answer
Construct

Explanation
This concept refers to the idea of something that cannot be physically perceived or experienced, yet it appears to have an existence or influence. A construct is an abstract or theoretical concept that is created or constructed by the mind. It is not tangible or concrete, but it is used to explain or understand certain phenomena or ideas. In this context, the concept being described requires a belief in something intangible, suggesting that it is a construct of the mind rather than a physical reality.

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18.

The study of forces that control the body at different times of the day, month, or year.

Correct Answer
Chronobiology

Explanation
Chronobiology is the study of the forces that control the body at different times of the day, month, or year. It focuses on understanding biological rhythms and how they impact various physiological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and metabolism. This field of study helps to explain how our bodies respond and adapt to different environmental cues and time-related factors, ultimately influencing our overall health and well-being.

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19.

Consciousness Chapter 6 Test

Nightmare is a frightening dream during REM.

Quiz Preview

Sequences of behavioral changes that occur every 24 hours.

Beta waves are rapid brain waves that appear when a person is awake.

Internal chemical units that control regular cycles in parts of the body.

The awareness of, or the possibility of knowing, what is happening inside or outside the organism.

Delta waves are fairly relaxed brain waves that occur just before going to sleep; relaxed.

Alpha waves are slow, lazy, deep-sleep brain waves.

REM rebound is a horrible dream occurring during NREM when the body is not prepared for it.

Incubus attack is an increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of them.

Rapid eye movement sleep when we dream.

Thoughts or desires about which we can have no direct knowledge.

Relaxed state just before we fall asleep.

The process of altering the free-running cycle to fit a different rhythm.

Cycles set up by biological clocks that are under their own control, ignoring the environment.

Consciousness just below our present awareness.

Non-rapid eye movement asleep; sleep involving partial thoughts, images, or stories, poor organization.

A concept requiring a belief in something that cannot be seen or touched but that seems to exist.

The study of forces that control the body at different times of the day, month, or year.

Compare and contrast REM and NREM sleep.