Computer Networking - Set 1

The OSI Reference Model has seven layers. This model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into different layers. Each layer has a specific role and interacts with the layers above and below it. The seven layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer performs a specific task in the communication process, from transmitting physical signals to managing data flow and ensuring reliable communication. This layered approach allows for modular design, interoperability, and easier troubleshooting of network issues.

Bandwidth in a network refers to the transmission capacity of a communication channel. It represents the amount of data that can be transmitted over the network in a given amount of time. A higher bandwidth allows for faster data transfer rates, while a lower bandwidth means slower transfer speeds. Bandwidth is an essential factor in determining the efficiency and performance of a network.

A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to a computer network. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, monitoring and controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. By examining the data packets, a firewall can block or allow specific types of traffic, protecting the network from potential threats such as hackers, malware, and unauthorized users. It helps to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the network resources by filtering and controlling network traffic.

The correct answer is "All" because a computer network is a collection of hardware components and computers that are interconnected by communication channels for the purpose of sharing resources and information. This means that all of the given options accurately describe what a computer network is.

An IPV4 address is a 32-bit number that is used to identify devices on a network. It is made up of four sets of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, and separated by periods. This allows for a total of 4.3 billion unique addresses, which was sufficient in the early days of the internet. However, with the growth of the internet and the increasing number of devices connected to it, IPV4 addresses are becoming scarce, leading to the development and adoption of IPV6 addresses, which are 128-bit.

The correct answer is Domain Name System. DNS is the abbreviation for Domain Name System, which is a decentralized naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the internet or a private network. It translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and other online services using human-readable names instead of numerical IP addresses. The DNS system is crucial for the functioning of the internet as it enables the smooth and efficient routing of network traffic.

A router operates in the Network Layer of the OSI Reference Model. This layer is responsible for routing packets across different networks, making decisions based on network addresses and optimizing the path for data transmission. Routers use IP addresses to determine the best route for forwarding packets to their destination. Therefore, it is the Network Layer where routers play a crucial role in connecting different networks and enabling communication between them.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a network protocol that allows devices to automatically obtain IP addresses and other network configuration parameters from a DHCP server. This protocol dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, making it easier to manage and configure network settings. The correct answer is "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol".

Bridges are used to connect LANs. A bridge is a networking device that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. It receives data packets from one LAN and forwards them to another LAN based on the MAC addresses of the devices connected to each LAN. By connecting LANs, bridges enable communication and data transfer between different networks, allowing devices on separate LANs to communicate with each other. Therefore, the correct answer is "to connect LANs".

DNS (Domain Name System) is a directory service that translates domain names (e.g., [invalid URL removed]) into IP addresses (e.g., 172.217.160.142), allowing computers to locate and connect to websites and other online resources. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring web pages, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for file transfers, and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails.