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1. Each IP packet must contain

Only Source address

Only Destination address

Source and Destination address

Source or Destination address

Each IP packet must contain both the source and destination address. This is because IP packets are used for routing data across networks, and it is essential to know both the source and destination of the data being transmitted. The source address identifies the sender of the packet, while the destination address specifies where the packet should be delivered. Without both addresses, the packet would not be able to reach its intended destination.

Explanation

Each IP packet must contain both the source and destination address. This is because IP packets are used for routing data across networks, and it is essential to know both the source and destination of the data being transmitted. The source address identifies the sender of the packet, while the destination address specifies where the packet should be delivered. Without both addresses, the packet would not be able to reach its intended destination.

2. The _______ provides a connection-oriented reliable service for sending messages

TCP

IP

UDP

All of the above

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides a connection-oriented reliable service for sending messages. Unlike UDP (User Datagram Protocol), TCP ensures that the data sent is received in the correct order and without errors. TCP establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before transmitting data, and it guarantees the delivery of the data packets. Therefore, TCP is the correct answer as it offers a reliable and ordered communication service.

Explanation

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides a connection-oriented reliable service for sending messages. Unlike UDP (User Datagram Protocol), TCP ensures that the data sent is received in the correct order and without errors. TCP establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before transmitting data, and it guarantees the delivery of the data packets. Therefore, TCP is the correct answer as it offers a reliable and ordered communication service.

3. Which of the following IP address class is Multicast

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class D is the correct answer because it is the IP address class specifically reserved for multicast addresses. Multicast addresses are used to send data packets to a group of devices instead of a single device. Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, and they are used for various purposes such as streaming video, audio, or other types of data to multiple receivers simultaneously.

Explanation

Class D is the correct answer because it is the IP address class specifically reserved for multicast addresses. Multicast addresses are used to send data packets to a group of devices instead of a single device. Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255, and they are used for various purposes such as streaming video, audio, or other types of data to multiple receivers simultaneously.

4. The last address of IP address represents

Unicast address

Network address

Broadcast address

None of above

The last address of an IP address represents the broadcast address. A broadcast address is used to send a message to all devices on a network. When a device sends a message to the broadcast address, it is received by all devices on the network. This is useful for sending information or commands to multiple devices simultaneously.

Explanation

The last address of an IP address represents the broadcast address. A broadcast address is used to send a message to all devices on a network. When a device sends a message to the broadcast address, it is received by all devices on the network. This is useful for sending information or commands to multiple devices simultaneously.

5. How many layers are in the TCP/IP model?

4 layers

5 layers

6 layers

7 layers

The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: the Network Interface layer, the Internet layer, the Transport layer, and the Application layer. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols. The Network Interface layer handles the physical connection between devices, the Internet layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across networks, the Transport layer ensures reliable data delivery, and the Application layer includes protocols for specific applications such as HTTP for web browsing and SMTP for email.

Explanation

The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: the Network Interface layer, the Internet layer, the Transport layer, and the Application layer. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols. The Network Interface layer handles the physical connection between devices, the Internet layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across networks, the Transport layer ensures reliable data delivery, and the Application layer includes protocols for specific applications such as HTTP for web browsing and SMTP for email.

6. Which of the following layer of OSI model also called end-to-end layer?

Presentation layer

Network layer

Session layer

Transport layer

The Transport layer of the OSI model is also known as the end-to-end layer because it is responsible for end-to-end communication between source and destination devices. This layer ensures reliable and efficient delivery of data by providing error detection, flow control, and segmentation of data into smaller packets. It also handles the reassembly of packets at the destination device. Therefore, the Transport layer is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to facilitate end-to-end communication.

Explanation

The Transport layer of the OSI model is also known as the end-to-end layer because it is responsible for end-to-end communication between source and destination devices. This layer ensures reliable and efficient delivery of data by providing error detection, flow control, and segmentation of data into smaller packets. It also handles the reassembly of packets at the destination device. Therefore, the Transport layer is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to facilitate end-to-end communication.

7. Bridge works in which layer of the OSI model?

Application layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Datalink layer

The correct answer is the Datalink layer. The Datalink layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames over a physical link. It provides error detection and correction, as well as flow control. Bridges operate at this layer to connect multiple local area networks (LANs) together. They examine the destination MAC address in the data frame and forward it to the appropriate LAN segment.

Explanation

The correct answer is the Datalink layer. The Datalink layer is responsible for the reliable transmission of data frames over a physical link. It provides error detection and correction, as well as flow control. Bridges operate at this layer to connect multiple local area networks (LANs) together. They examine the destination MAC address in the data frame and forward it to the appropriate LAN segment.

8. Which layers of the OSI model are host-to-host layers?

Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

Network, Transport, Session, Presentation

Datalink, Network, Transport, Session

Physical, Datalink, Network, Transport

The host-to-host layers of the OSI model are responsible for establishing and maintaining communication between two devices on a network. These layers include the Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers. The Transport layer ensures reliable and error-free data transfer between hosts, the Session layer manages the communication sessions between hosts, the Presentation layer handles data formatting and encryption, and the Application layer provides services and interfaces for user applications. These layers work together to enable end-to-end communication between hosts on a network.

Explanation

The host-to-host layers of the OSI model are responsible for establishing and maintaining communication between two devices on a network. These layers include the Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers. The Transport layer ensures reliable and error-free data transfer between hosts, the Session layer manages the communication sessions between hosts, the Presentation layer handles data formatting and encryption, and the Application layer provides services and interfaces for user applications. These layers work together to enable end-to-end communication between hosts on a network.

9. How many bits are there in the Ethernet address?

64 bits

48 bits

32 bits

16 bits

An Ethernet address, also known as a MAC address, is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces. It consists of 48 bits, which are typically represented as 12 hexadecimal digits. This address is used to identify devices on a local network and is essential for data transmission. The 48-bit length allows for a large number of unique addresses, ensuring that each device on a network has a distinct identifier.

Explanation

An Ethernet address, also known as a MAC address, is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces. It consists of 48 bits, which are typically represented as 12 hexadecimal digits. This address is used to identify devices on a local network and is essential for data transmission. The 48-bit length allows for a large number of unique addresses, ensuring that each device on a network has a distinct identifier.

10. Which of the following is correct regarding Class B Address of IP address

Network bit – 14, Host bit – 16

Network bit – 16, Host bit – 14

Network bit – 18, Host bit – 16

Network bit – 12, Host bit – 14

The correct answer is "Network bit – 14, Host bit – 16". In a Class B IP address, the first two octets are used for the network portion and the remaining two octets are used for the host portion. In binary, the first 14 bits are dedicated to the network portion and the remaining 16 bits are used for the host portion. This allows for a maximum of 16,384 networks and 65,536 hosts per network.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Network bit – 14, Host bit – 16". In a Class B IP address, the first two octets are used for the network portion and the remaining two octets are used for the host portion. In binary, the first 14 bits are dedicated to the network portion and the remaining 16 bits are used for the host portion. This allows for a maximum of 16,384 networks and 65,536 hosts per network.