Sonographic Principles & Instrumentation
Electric
Mechanical transverse
Spectral
Longitudinal mechanical
1.540 km/sec
1.54 km/msec
1.500 m/s
1.540 mm/sec
19.000 kHz
10.000 MHz
20.000 msec
15.000 Hz
Density
Pressure
Distance
Intensity
Acoustic proliferation properties
Dynamic effects
Acoustic propagation properties
Biologic effects
Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively
Constructive inferference is associated with waves that are in-phase
Out-of-phase waves inferfere destructively
Waves of different frequencies may exhibit both constructive and destructive interference at different times
Deca
Deci
Micro
Centi
Pulse duration
Pulse period
Period
Duration period
30 KHz
8 MHz
8.00 Hz
3.00 kHz
15 Hz
10.00 Hz
1.00 kHz
1 kHz
1 MHz
Pulse length
Wavelength
Cycle distance
Cycle duration
Frequency
Period
Propagation speed
Range resolution
Pulse duration
Period
Number of cycles in the pulse
Frequency
Increasing stiffness and increasing density
Increasing stiffness and increasing elasticity
Decreasing compressibility and decreasing density
Decreasing stiffness and decreasing density
True
False
True
False
Pressure, density, distance
Period, frequency, amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, propagation speed
Pressure density distance
Period frequency amplitude power intensity wavelength propagation speed
True
False
Between 20 Hz & 20 kHz
>20 kHz
Sound source
Sound source and medium
Medium
Inversely
Directly
Proportional
Reciprocal
Acoustic variables
Watts
Energy
Medium
Sound source
Both sound source and medium
True
False