Clinical Nutrition - Qp17

Explanation
Saturated fat has a reputation for being a 'bad' fat because it is known to raise cholesterol levels in the body, specifically the LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol which is considered to be the "bad" cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. Saturated fat is commonly found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and certain oils like coconut oil and palm oil. It is recommended to limit the intake of saturated fat in order to maintain a healthy diet and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Explanation
An imbalance of omega-3 to omega-6 can result in diabetes and depression. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are both essential for the body, but an excessive intake of omega-6 compared to omega-3 can lead to inflammation and an increased risk of chronic diseases. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, and studies have shown that an imbalance of omega-3 to omega-6 can contribute to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, leading to the development of diabetes. Depression, on the other hand, is a mental health disorder, and research suggests that a higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio is associated with an increased risk of depression.

Explanation
Schizophrenia has been found to have a genetic component, meaning that it can run in families. Research has shown that individuals who have a family member with schizophrenia are more likely to develop the disorder themselves compared to those without a family history. This suggests that there may be inherited factors that contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Therefore, the statement that schizophrenia tends to appear in members of the same family is true.

Explanation
Ras p21 is a protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules that play essential roles in various biological processes. Ras p21 is a protein involved in cell signaling pathways, particularly in regulating cell growth and division. It acts as a molecular switch, transmitting signals from the cell surface to the cell nucleus, influencing gene expression and controlling cell behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is A protein.

Explanation
DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is not an essential fatty acid. It is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a role in the production of other hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Essential fatty acids, on the other hand, are specific types of fats that the body needs for normal functioning but cannot produce on its own, and must be obtained from the diet. Therefore, the statement that DHEA is an essential fatty acid is false.

Explanation
Flaxseed oil is the most concentrated source of LNA commonly available. LNA, or alpha-linolenic acid, is an essential omega-3 fatty acid that the body cannot produce on its own. Flaxseed oil is derived from flaxseeds and contains a high concentration of LNA, making it an excellent source of this nutrient. Canola oil and mayonnaise may also contain some LNA, but they are not as concentrated as flaxseed oil. Therefore, flaxseed oil is the best choice for obtaining a high amount of LNA.

Explanation
Purslane is native to Europe. This means that it naturally originated and grew in Europe before being introduced to other parts of the world.

Explanation
The statement is true because EFA stands for essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats that are necessary for the body's normal growth and development, but cannot be produced by the body itself. They must be obtained through the diet, making them essential for overall health.

Explanation
Hydrodegenation is not the name given to the process where a liquid, unsaturated fat is combined with hydrogen to form a solid, saturated one. The correct term for this process is hydrogenation. Hydrodegenation refers to the removal of hydrogen from a compound, not the addition of hydrogen to it.

Explanation
The statement is false because Alpha-linoleic acid is commonly abbreviated as ALA, not Alpha-linoleic acid.