Clic Cosmetology: Anatomy And Physiology (Part 3)
An understanding of anatomy and physiology, including the medical terms you will probably never use, will help you become more proficient at performing professional salon services. You'll get a understanding of histology. This covers cells, tissues, organs, body systems, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the nervous system, the circulatory system, the endocrine system, the digestive system, the excretory system, the respiratory system and the integumentary system.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue. It contracts and moves various parts of the body.
- A.
Skeletal system
- B.
Nervous system
- C.
Integumentary system
- D.
Circulatory system
- E.
Muscular system
Correct Answer
E. Muscular systemExplanation
The muscular system is responsible for covering, shaping, and supporting the skeleton tissue. It is made up of muscles that contract and move various parts of the body. The skeletal system provides the framework for the muscles to attach to and work together to enable movement and provide support. The nervous system plays a role in controlling muscle movement, but it does not directly cover, shape, or support the skeleton tissue. The integumentary system is responsible for protecting the body from external factors and does not have a direct role in supporting the skeleton. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients throughout the body and does not directly cover or support the skeleton. Therefore, the muscular system is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The science of nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.
- A.
Osteology
- B.
Histology
- C.
Myology
- D.
Neurology
- E.
Physiology
Correct Answer
C. MyologyExplanation
The human body has over 640 muscles, which are responsible for approximately 40 percent of the body's weight. Muscles are fibrous tissues that have the ability to stretch and contract according to the demands of the body's movements.Rate this question:
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- 3.
________ muscles, also called skeletal or voluntary muscles, are attached to the bones and are controlled by the will. They create heat and energy for the body during muscle contractions, assist in maintaining the body's posture, and protect some internal organs.
- A.
Nonstriated muscles
- B.
Striated muscles
Correct Answer
B. Striated musclesExplanation
Striated muscles, also called skeletal or voluntary muscles, are attached to the bones and are controlled by the will. These muscles create heat and energy for the body during muscle contractions, assist in maintaining the body's posture, and protect some internal organs.Rate this question:
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- 4.
_________ muscles, also called involuntary, visceral, or smooth muscles, function automatically, without conscious will. These muscles are found in the internal organs of the body, such as the digestive or respiratory systems. They function without conscious thought or control.
- A.
Nonstriated muscles
- B.
Striated muscles
Correct Answer
A. Nonstriated musclesExplanation
Nonstriated muscles, also known as smooth muscles, are the correct answer. These muscles are called involuntary because they function automatically, without conscious control. They are found in the internal organs of the body, such as the digestive or respiratory systems, and they work without conscious thought or will.Rate this question:
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- 5.
__________ muscle is the involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
Correct Answer
CardiacExplanation
Cardiac muscle refers to the involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. This type of muscle is unique to the heart and is not found in any other part of the body. It is responsible for the continuous contraction and relaxation of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. Cardiac muscle is striated, meaning it has a striped appearance, similar to skeletal muscle, but its involuntary nature sets it apart from skeletal muscle.Rate this question:
- 6.
A muscle has three parts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A muscle is composed of three main parts: the muscle belly, which is the fleshy part responsible for contraction; the tendon, which connects the muscle to bone; and the origin and insertion points, which are the points where the muscle attaches to bone. Therefore, the statement that a muscle has three parts is correct.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The _______, is the part of the muscle that does not move; it is attached to the skeleton and is usually part of a skeletal muscle.
- A.
Insertion
- B.
Origin
- C.
Belly
Correct Answer
B. OriginExplanation
The origin refers to the part of the muscle that remains fixed and does not move during contraction. It is attached to the skeleton and is typically a component of a skeletal muscle.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The _______ is the part of the muscle at the more movable attachment to the skeleton.
- A.
Insertion
- B.
Origin
- C.
Belly
Correct Answer
A. InsertionExplanation
The insertion refers to the part of the muscle that is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts. It is the point where the muscle is connected to the more movable attachment on the skeleton. The insertion is responsible for the movement of the muscle and is typically located towards the distal end of the muscle.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The _________ is the middle part of the muscle.
- A.
Insertion
- B.
Origin
- C.
Belly
Correct Answer
C. BellyExplanation
The belly of a muscle refers to the middle part of the muscle. It is the fleshy portion between the tendons or attachments at the ends of the muscle. The belly is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the muscle, allowing it to generate force and movement.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Pressure in massage is usually directed from the......
- A.
Insertion to the origin
- B.
Origin to the insertion
Correct Answer
A. Insertion to the originExplanation
Muscular tissue can be stimulated by massage, electrical current, light rays, heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses, and chemicals. The cosmetologist must be concerned with the voluntary muscles of the head, face, neck, arms, and hands. It is essential to know where these muscles are located and what they control.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The muscles of the scalp include....
- A.
Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
- B.
Auricularis superior, auricularis anterior, auricularis posterior
- C.
Masseter and the temporalis
- D.
Platysma and sternocleidomastoideus
Correct Answer
A. Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosisExplanation
Epicranius or occipito-frantalis is the broad muscle that covers the top of the skull; consists of two parts: occipitalis and frontalis.
Occipitalis is the back of the epicranius; the muscle that draws the scalp backward.
Frontalis is the anterior (front) portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
Aponeurosis is the tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The muscles of the ears have no function (although some people can contract them to move the ears). They include the....
- A.
Platysma and sternocleidomastoideus
- B.
Masseter and the temporalis
- C.
Auricularis superior, auricularis anterior, auricularis posterior
- D.
Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
Correct Answer
C. Auricularis superior, auricularis anterior, auricularis posteriorExplanation
Auricularis superior is the muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
Auricularis anterior is the muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward.
Auricularis posterior is the muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The _________ and the __________ muscles coordinate in opening and closing the mouth and are sometimes referred to as chewing muscles.
- A.
Platysma and sternocleidomastoideus
- B.
Corrugator muscle and orbicularis oculi
- C.
Masseter and temporalis
Correct Answer
C. Masseter and temporalisExplanation
The masseter and the temporalis are the muscles of mastication (chewing).Rate this question:
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- 14.
The muscles of the neck include....
- A.
Corrugator muscle and orbicularis oculi
- B.
Masseter and temporalis
- C.
Platysma and sternocleidomastoideus
- D.
Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
Correct Answer
C. Platysma and sternocleidomastoideusExplanation
Platysma is the broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip.
Sternocleidomastoideus is the muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates the head.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The muscles of the eyebrow include the....
- A.
Corrugator muscle and orbicularis oculi
- B.
Masseter and temporalis
- C.
Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
- D.
Platysma and sternocleidomastoideus
Correct Answer
A. Corrugator muscle and orbicularis oculiExplanation
The corrugator muscle is located beneat the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
The orbicularis oculi is the ring muscle of the eye socket that enables you to close your eyes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The muscles of the nose include the procerus, which covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose, and other nasal muscles that contract and expand the openings of the nostrils.
- 17.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
- A.
Buccinator
- B.
Orbicularis oris
- C.
Risorius
- D.
Triangularis
- E.
Zygomaticus
Correct Answer
A. BuccinatorExplanation
The correct answer is Buccinator. The buccinator is a thin, flat muscle located in the cheek between the upper and lower jaw. It functions by compressing the cheeks and expelling air between the lips.Rate this question:
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- 18.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Also known as quadratus labii inferioris, a muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as in expressing sarcasm.
- A.
Buccinator
- B.
Levator anguli oris
- C.
Mentalis
- D.
Depressor labii inferioris
- E.
Risorius
Correct Answer
D. Depressor labii inferiorisExplanation
The correct answer is Depressor labii inferioris. This muscle is responsible for lowering the lower lip and drawing it to one side, which is commonly seen when expressing sarcasm.Rate this question:
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- 19.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Also known as caninus, a muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.
- A.
Depressor labii inferioris
- B.
Orbicularis oris
- C.
Triangularis
- D.
Levator angulis oris
- E.
Zygomaticus
Correct Answer
D. Levator angulis orisExplanation
The Levator angulis oris is a muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward. This muscle is responsible for lifting the corners of the mouth, creating a smile or a smirk. It helps in expressing emotions such as happiness or amusement.Rate this question:
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- 20.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Also known as quadratus labii superioris, a muscle surrounding the upper lip; elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.
- A.
Mentalis
- B.
Orbicularis oris
- C.
Depressor labii inferioris
- D.
Risorius
- E.
Levator labii superioris
Correct Answer
E. Levator labii superiorisExplanation
The correct answer is Levator labii superioris. This muscle is also known as quadratus labii superioris and it surrounds the upper lip. Its main function is to elevate the upper lip and dilate the nostrils, which is important in expressing distaste.Rate this question:
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- 21.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.
- A.
Buccinator
- B.
Mentalis
- C.
Levator angulis oris
- D.
Zygomaticus
- E.
Triangularis
Correct Answer
B. MentalisExplanation
The muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin is called the Mentalis muscle. This muscle is responsible for various movements of the lower lip and chin, such as pouting and wrinkling the chin. It plays a role in facial expressions and is located in the lower part of the face.Rate this question:
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- 22.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
- A.
Risorius
- B.
Zygomaticus
- C.
Orbicularis oris
- D.
Triangularis
- E.
Buccinator
Correct Answer
C. Orbicularis orisExplanation
The correct answer is Orbicularis oris. The orbicularis oris is the muscle that forms a flat band around the upper and lower lips. It is responsible for compressing, contracting, puckering, and wrinkling the lips. The other muscles listed, such as the risorius, zygomaticus, triangularis, and buccinator, are also muscles of the mouth, but they have different functions and are not specifically mentioned in the given description.Rate this question:
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- 23.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning.
- A.
Buccinator
- B.
Risorius
- C.
Triangularis
- D.
Zygomaticus
- E.
Levator angulis oris
Correct Answer
B. RisoriusExplanation
The muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning, is the Risorius. This muscle is responsible for producing a wide smile or grin by pulling the corners of the mouth laterally. It works in conjunction with other muscles to create various facial expressions. The other options listed are muscles of the mouth, but they have different functions and do not specifically draw the corner of the mouth out and back like the Risorius does.Rate this question:
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- 24.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.
- A.
Triangularis
- B.
Levator angulis oris
- C.
Levator labii superioris
- D.
Buccinator
- E.
Zygomaticus
Correct Answer
A. TriangularisExplanation
The correct answer is Triangularis. The triangularis muscle is located alongside the chin and its main function is to pull down the corner of the mouth. It helps in various movements of the mouth, such as frowning or expressing sadness.Rate this question:
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- 25.
MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: Major and minor. Muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; elevate the lip, as in laughing.
- A.
Buccinator
- B.
Mentalis
- C.
Risorius
- D.
Zygomaticus
- E.
Triangularis
Correct Answer
D. ZygomaticusExplanation
The zygomaticus muscle is responsible for elevating the lip, which is necessary for smiling or laughing. It extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth, allowing it to perform this action. The other muscles listed, such as the buccinator, mentalis, risorius, and triangularis, are not specifically mentioned in the given information as being involved in elevating the lip. Therefore, the correct answer is Zygomaticus.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The muscles that attach the arms to the body include....
- A.
Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapezius
- B.
Biceps, deltoid, triceps, extensors, flexors, pronators, supinators
- C.
Abductors, adductors, opponent muscles, procerus
- D.
Platysma, sternocleidomastoideus, corrugator muscle, orbicularis oculi
Correct Answer
A. Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, trapeziusExplanation
Latissimus dorsi: Broad, flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, controlling the shoulder blade and the swinging movements of the arm.
Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor: Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
Serratus anterior: Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm.
Trapezius: Muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The three principal muscles of teh shoulders and upper arms include the...
- A.
Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, sarratus anterior
- B.
Extensors, flexors, pronators
- C.
Biceps, deltoid, triceps
- D.
Abductors, adductors, opponent muscles
Correct Answer
C. Biceps, deltoid, tricepsExplanation
Biceps: Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; they lift the forearm, flex the elbow, and turn the palms outward..
Deltoid: Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Triceps: Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The forearm is made up of a series of muscles and strong tendons. As a cosmetologist you will be concerned with....
- A.
Biceps, deltoid, triceps
- B.
Risorius, traingularis, zygomaticus
- C.
Occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
- D.
Abductors, adductors, opponent muscles
- E.
Extensors, flexors, pronators, supinator
Correct Answer
E. Extensors, flexors, pronators, supinatorExplanation
Extensors: Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line.
Flexors: Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist.
Pronators: Muscle that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.
Supinator: Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The hand is one of the most complex parts of the body, with many small muscles that overlap from joint to join, providing flexibility and strength to open and close the hand and fingers. Important muscles to know include the...
- A.
Extensors, flexors, pronators, supinator
- B.
Abductors, adductors, opponent muscles
- C.
Risorius, traingularis, zygomaticus
- D.
Occipitalis, frontalis, aponeurosis
- E.
Biceps, deltoid, triceps
Correct Answer
B. Abductors, adductors, opponent musclesExplanation
Abductors: Muscles that separate the fingers.
Adductors: Muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together.
Opponent muscles: Muscles in the palm that act to bring the thumb toward the fingers.Rate this question:
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