The Toughest Histology MCQ Test!

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1. Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell?

Explanation

The mitochondria is the site of ATP production for the cell. ATP is the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are nicknamed, the "powerhouse".

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About This Quiz
The Toughest Histology MCQ Test! - Quiz

Are you studying to become a lab technician? One of the things that will be expected of you is a good understanding when it comes to histology, and... see morebelow is what is considered the toughest MCQ test on the course. Think you have what it takes to handle it? Well take up the quiz below and see just how well you will do.
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2. How many types of cartilage are there?

Explanation

There are three types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.

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3. Which of the following is composed of cardiac muscle?

Explanation

The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.

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4. What is another term for the cell body of a neuron?

Explanation

A group of fibers traveling together to a destination is a tract. Islets of Langerhans are seen in the pancreas. Soma is another term for a neuron cell body. The outer part of the brain is gray matter called the cortex. The conglomerations of gray matter deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum are called nuclei.

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5. What are the gaps that occur within the myelin sheath?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. White matter is myelinated nerve fibers. Gray matter is essentially neuron cell bodies. Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps that occur in the myelin sheath. Neurofilaments are a type of intermediate filaments seen in neurons.

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6. Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastic fibers?

Explanation

Elastic cartilage has elastic fibers in the matrix.

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7. Which of the following is an organelle?

Explanation

Mitochondria is an organelle. Pigment, glycogen, lipid, and secretory granules are all considered inclusions. Organelles perform an activity; they have a job; they require energy. Inclusions are for storage. Inclusions do not perform an energy requiring job.

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8. Which type of microscope has only one lens?

Explanation

A simple microscope has only one lens. A compound microscope utilizes two lenses: an ocular lens and an objective lens. The compound microscope is also referred to as a "light microscope" or "bright field microscope". A phase contrast microscope is useful for examining living cells, because the specimen does not need to be stained. A dissection microscope uses low power magnification. Things appear three dimensional with a dissection microscope. A transmission electron microscope does not use light, but rather a beam of electrons.

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9. What is dense bone?

Explanation

Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system.

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10. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?

Explanation

Lysosomes are membrane bound sacs of digestive enzymes. They are nicknamed "suicide sacs".

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11. What are the folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane called?

Explanation

The cell boundary is defined by the cell membrane or plasmalemma. Glycocalyx is a polysacchride that can be found on the outer surface of the cell membranes. Collectively, the cytoplasm and nucleus form the protoplasm of a cell. The folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane are called cristae. The cytoplasm that surrounds organelles is the cytoplasmic ground substance or cytosol.

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12. Where is thick skin found?

Explanation

Thick skin is found on the sole of the feet. This area of the body is subjected to constant pressure and friction, which requires a thicker and more protective layer of skin. The thick skin on the sole of the feet helps to prevent damage and provides support for walking and standing.

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13. Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation?

Explanation

The melanocyte produces melanin, which is responsible for skin pigmentation.

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14. Where is cardiac muscle found?

Explanation

Myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart. Thus, the myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle.

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15. Where is the site of protein synthesis?

Explanation

The ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

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16. Which is the most abundant fiber in connective tissue?

Explanation

There are three types of fibers found in connective tissue: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Collagen fibers are the most abundant fiber type in connective tissue.

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17. Which connective tissue cell type produces collagen?

Explanation

Fibroblasts produce collagen. The fibroblast also produces the ground substance in connective tissue.

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18. Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

Explanation

The small intestine is the primary site for absorption of nutrients.

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19. Which of the following stains is used for routine histological examination?

Explanation

A peripheral blood smear would be best visualized with Wright's stain. Hematoxylin and eosin stain is the most commonly used tissue stain for routine histological examination. Lipids are best displayed with a sudan stain. Silver impregnation, such as with a reticular stain, can be used to visualize reticular fibers. Collagen fibers can be differentiated from other fibers by staining with Masson's trichrome stain.

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20. What is the end of an axon called?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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21. What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?

Explanation

Keratinization is seen in the epidermis. Cells in the stratum corneum are essentially just bags of keratin.

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22. What does connective tissue develop from?

Explanation

Connective tissue develops from mesenchyme.

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23. What is the light band in muscle?

Explanation

The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.

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24. Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?

Explanation

The skin is involved in the production of vitamin D from precursors with the aid of the sun. It protects the body from water loss. There are many sensory receptors in the skin: pain, pressure, fine touch. The skin is also involved in heat regulation. In addition, the skin protects the body.

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25. What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?

Explanation

Keratinization is seen in the epidermis. Cells in the stratum corneum are essentially just bags of keratin.

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26. What process is nicknamed "cell drinking"?

Explanation

Pinocytosis is "cell drinking".

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27. Where do you place the slide when using a microscope?

Explanation

The base is the bottom of the microscope. The revolving nosepiece is also called a turret. The objective lens are attached to the nosepiece (or turret). The slide rests on the stage. The tube is the structure which connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses (it is shaped like a tube; thus, its name). The diaphragm controls the diameter of the cone of light.

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28. What is the connective tissue covering which surrounds cartilage?

Explanation

The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.

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29. Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?

Explanation

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. All other nervous system elements are considered to be in the peripheral nervous system. Thus the peripheral nervous system includes receptors, the brachial plexus, the sciatic nerve, and ganglia.

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30. What is the primary component of red marrow?

Explanation

Red marrow contains active hematopoietic tissue. Yellow marrow is primarily fat

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31. Which organelle is studded with ribosomes?

Explanation

Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of tubules. If there are ribosomes on the tubules, it is termed "rough endoplasmic reticulum". Ribosomes produce proteins. When the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins produced by the ribosomes are exported. If there are no ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, it is called "smooth endoplasmic reticulum". The role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is lipid metabolism.

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32. What type of epithelium appears stratified, but is not?

Explanation

Pseudostratified epithelium is a type of epithelium that has cells which all touch the basement membrane. Pseudostratified epithelium is only one cell layer thick. Pseudostratified epithelium appears stratified, but it is not really stratified. Thus the name. The prefix "pseudo" means false, such as pseudonym or pseudo-science.

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33. What type of gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream?

Explanation

An endocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream, without a duct or tube. An exocrine gland secretes its product through a duct or tube.

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34. What is the cell body of a neuron called?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be > associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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35. Which of the following forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Explanation

Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Basket cells are a type of neuron seen in the cerebellum. A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS. Neuroglia are the supporting cells in the central nervous system Sometimes, neuroglia called glial cells or glia. Satellite cells are found in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system.

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36. Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?

Explanation

Sudan stain would be best suited to visualize lipids because it is a specific stain that binds to lipids, making them visible under a microscope. This stain is commonly used in histology to identify and study lipid-rich tissues or structures, such as adipose tissue. It allows for the visualization and differentiation of lipids based on their color or intensity of staining, providing valuable information about their distribution and composition.

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37. Which of the following is NOT a fiber found in connective tissue?

Explanation

Purkinje fibers are seen in the heart. Purkinje fibers are specialized muscle fibers.

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38. What type of basic tissue type is bone?

Explanation

Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. Bone is a type of connective tissue

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39. Which organelle contains detoxifying enzymes?

Explanation

Peroxisomes contain enzymes for detoxification. One of the enzymes within peroxisomes is catalase. Catalase is involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

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40. What is the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. White matter is myelinated nerve fibers. Gray matter is essentially neuron cell bodies. Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps that occur in the myelin sheath. Neurofilaments are a type of intermediate filaments seen in neurons.

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41. What is the mature bone cell called?

Explanation

The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.

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42. Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?

Explanation

Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes. Many tissues have resident (fixed) macrophages. Fixed macrophages are given a unique name, depending on the tissue that they are located in. Kupffer cells are the hepatic macrophages. Histiocytes are macrophages seen in connective tissue. Dust cells are alveolar macrophage found in the respiratory tract. Langerhans cells are macrophages seen in the skin. Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

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43. Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?

Explanation

Lipids are best displayed with a sudan stain

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44. Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear?

Explanation

Elastic cartilage is found in the external ear.

Note from Sarah Bellham: If you bend your ear forward, it bounces back into its proper position. This is due to the elastic cartilage.

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45. Regarding the blood supply to cartilage:

Explanation

Cartilage is avascular. Nutrients reach cartilage by diffusion from the adjacent tissues.

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46. What is released at a synapse?

Explanation

A single motor neuron and the aggregation of muscle fibers innervated by that single neuron is called the motor unit. A motor neuron is a neuron which innervates a muscle cell. The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate. A neuromuscular spindle is a receptor which is sensitive to stretching of the muscle. A neurotransmitter is the chemical released by a nerve at a synapse.

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47. What is compact bone?

Explanation

Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system.

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48. What forms the skeleton of the fetus?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus. The cartilage forms a template of the bones. Endochondral ossification will occur during the childhood, replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone.

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49. Which type of cartilage forms the articular surface on bones?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the articular surface on bones.

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50. What structure contributes to the cells cytoskeleton?

Explanation

Microfilaments are made of actin. They form the cells cytoskeleton.

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51. What is the bottom of a microscope called?

Explanation

The base is the bottom of the microscope. The revolving nosepiece is also called a turret. The objective lens are attached to the nosepiece (or turret). The slide rests on the stage. The tube is the structure which connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses (it is shaped like a tube; thus, its name). The diaphragm controls the diameter of the cone of light.

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52. Which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus. The cartilage forms a template of the bones. Endochondral ossification will occur during the childhood, replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone.

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53. During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what allows the tissue to be visualized?

Explanation

There are several steps in the preparation of a slide for microscopic examination. First, the tissue is "fixed" with formalin. This preserves it. After the tissue is fixed, it is dehydrated (dehydration will occur twice during slide preparation). The tissue sample is then embedded in paraffin. This forms a solid block, so that it can be placed in a microtome. It is then thinly sliced using a microtome. A thin slice of the specimen is then placed on a slide. The paraffin is removed by dissolving it with a chemical. The tissue is then rehydrated. In order to view the tissue, it is stained. After it is stained, it is again dehydrated. A coverslip is the mounted on top of it. The specimen is then ready for viewing.

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54. Where is thick skin found?

Explanation

Thick skin is found on the palms of the hand and the sole of the feet. Thin skin is found everywhere else.

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55. What is the name of the tissue which surrounds muscle fascicles?

Explanation

The perimysium is the connective tissue sheath which surrounds muscle fascicles.

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56. What is a group of fibers traveling together?

Explanation

A group of fibers traveling together to a destination is a tract. Islets of Langerhans are seen in the pancreas. Soma is another term for a neuron cell body. The outer part of the brain is gray matter called the cortex. The conglomerations of gray matter deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum are called nuclei.

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57. Which type of neuron is also called an internuncial neuron?

Explanation

Interneurons are also called internuncial neurons.

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58. What is the maximum resolving power seen with a compound microscope?

Explanation

Resolving power is the ability to see two things as discrete images. With normal vision, there is a resolving power of about of 100 micrometers. A compound microscope has a resolving power of approximately .2 micrometers. In other words, two marks .2 micrometers apart can be seen as two distinct entities. Any closer than this, they are perceived as one object.

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59. What is actin?

Explanation

Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin.

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60. What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube?

Explanation

An endocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream, without a duct or tube. An exocrine gland secretes its product through a duct or tube.

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61. Which cell is a macrophage found in the central nervous system?

Explanation

Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes. Many tissues have resident (fixed) macrophages. Fixed macrophages are given a unique name, depending on the tissue that they are located in. Kupffer cells are the hepatic macrophages. Histiocytes are macrophages seen in connective tissue. Dust cells are alveolar macrophage found in the respiratory tract. Langerhans cells are macrophages seen in the skin. Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

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62. What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?

Explanation

Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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63. Which type of cartilage forms the epiphyseal growth plate?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the epiphyseal growth plate.

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64. What forms the epiphyseal growth plate?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the epiphyseal growth plate.

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65. What is the term for the general process that cells us to expunge material from the cell?

Explanation

Endotyosis is the term for the process cells use to have substances enter them. Exoctyosis is the term for the process cells use to remove substances. Phagocytosis is "cell eating" and is used for the transport of particulate matter. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking". Active transport is a method which requires energy.

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66. Which of the following can be classified as "specialized connective tissue"?

Explanation

Specialized connective tissue includes cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood and hemopoietic tissue, and lymphatic tissue.

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67. What cell is involved in bone resorption?

Explanation

An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell.

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68. Which fiber type uses more aerobic metabolism?

Explanation

Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.

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69. Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped?

Explanation

The papillae on the tongue are located anteriorly to the sulcus terminalis. The tongue contains primarily three types of papillae: filiform papillae, circumvallate papillae and fungiform papillae. Fungiform papillae are mushroom shaped.

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70. Which type of cartilage is the most abundant?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type of cartilage.

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71. What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels?

Explanation

Endothelium is simple squamous epithelium that lines the vascular system

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72. What forms the brush border?

Explanation

Microvilli are the finger like projections seen on the surface of some cells. The appearance of microvilli form what is also called the brush border or striated border.

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73. What type of epithelium is more than one layer thick?

Explanation

Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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74. What type of epithelium is composed of flat cells?

Explanation

Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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75. What type of basic tissue type is cartilage?

Explanation

Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue.

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76. What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?

Explanation

The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is simple columnar epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple columnar epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Columnar" cells are taller than they are wide and have an oval nucleus.

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77. Which fiber type has more myoglobin?

Explanation

Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.

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78. Which of the following can be classified as "embryonic connective tissue"?

Explanation

Embryonic connective tissue includes mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue.

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79. Which type of cartilage is characterized by a glassy matrix?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage is characterized by a glassy matrix.

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80. What is the covering of a bone?

Explanation

The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone. The prefix "peri" means around, such as in the word "perimeter".

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81. What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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82. What is the polysaccharide coating that is sometimes found on the cell membrane?

Explanation

Glycocalyx is a polysacchride that can be found on the outer surface of the cell membranes.

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83. Which cell is the mature bone cell?

Explanation

An osteocyte is a mature bone cell.

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84. What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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85. What region is made of thin filaments?

Explanation

The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band. The I band is made of thin filaments. The Z line runs through the I band. The H band bisects the A band. The M line runs through the H band.

A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.

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86. What type of epithelial cells are taller than they are wide?

Explanation

Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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87. Which of the following is an acid dye?

Explanation

Eosin is an acid dye. It will bind to and stain basic structures (or negatively charged structures), such as cationic amino groups on proteins. It stains them pink. Cytoplasm, muscle, connective tissue, and decalcified bone matrix all stain pink with eosin. "H&E" stand for hematoxylin and eosin. Hematoxylin and eosin stain is used for routine tissue preparation frequently.

Azure II, Toluidine blue, Methylene blue, Thionine are all basic dyes.

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88. Which of the following can be classified as "specialized connective tissue"?

Explanation

Specialized connective tissue includes cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood and hemopoietic tissue, and lymphatic tissue.Embryonic connective tissue includes mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue.

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89. Collectively, what is the cytoplasm and nucleus called?

Explanation

The cell boundary is defined by the cell membrane or plasmalemma. Glycocalyx is a polysacchride that can be found on the outer surface of the cell membranes. Collectively, the cytoplasm and nucleus form the protoplasm of a cell. The folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane are called cristae. The cytoplasm that surrounds organelles is the cytoplasmic ground substance or cytosol.

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90. What type of connective tissue is an undifferentiated tissue found in the embryo?

Explanation

Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue. It is an undifferentiated tissue found in the embryo.

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91. A sarcomere is defined as the segment from _____ to ____?

Explanation

A sarcomere is the segment that runs from Z line to Z line.

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92. Where can hair be found?

Explanation

Hair is present over most of the body. It is not found on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, urogenital openings, and lips.

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93. What is the primary component of yellow marrow?

Explanation

Red marrow contains active hematopoietic tissue. Yellow marrow is primarily fat.

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94. What is immature bone?

Explanation

Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone.

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95. What is spongy bone?

Explanation

Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone.

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96. Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?

Explanation

Neuroglia are the supporting cells of the central nervous system. Sometimes, neuroglia called glial cells or glia. Astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are all neuroglia.

Of the neuroglia cells, astrocytes are the most abundant and the largest. These are star shaped cells involved in the blood brain barrier.

Ependymal cells line the ventricles and spinal canal.

Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the central nervous system.

Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

Schwann cells are seen in the peripheral nervous system and are not considered neuroglia. Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

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97. What are motor neurons?

Explanation

Motor neurons are multipolar.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.

A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.

Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

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98. What is a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS called?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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99. What are Sudan stains used primarily for?

Explanation

Sudan stains are used for staining of lipids and phospholipids. Examples of such stains are sudan black and sudan IV. Oil red O is another stain used for demonstrating fat.

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100. Which connective tissue cell type produces the ground substance in connective tissue?

Explanation

Fibroblasts produce collagen. The fibroblast also produces the ground substance in connective tissue.

Fibroblasts, histiocytes, plasma cells, and mast cells are routinely seen in loose connective tissue. Fibroblasts produce collagen. The fibroblast also produces the ground substance in connective tissue. Myofibroblasts contain properties of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage. Plasma cells are derived from B lymphocytes. Mast cells secrete histamine. Mast cells also secrete heparin, SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, ECF-A (eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis.

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101. What is the a small clear space within a cell?

Explanation

A vacuole is a small clear space within an individual cell.

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102. What is the classification of the pancreas?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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103. What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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104. Which cell type is responsible for bone breakdown?

Explanation

An osteoclast is a bone cell which is involved in resorption of bone.

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105. What is areolar tissue?

Explanation

Loose irregular connective tissue is areolar tissue.

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106. What are finger like projections on the surface of some cells called?

Explanation

Microvilli are the finger like projections seen on the surface of some cells. The appearance of microvilli form what is also called the brush border or striated border.

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107. What is the outer gray matter of the brain called?

Explanation

A group of fibers traveling together to a destination is a tract. Islets of Langerhans are seen in the pancreas. Soma is another term for a neuron cell body. The outer part of the brain is gray matter called the cortex. The conglomerations of gray matter deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum are called nuclei.

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108. Which of the following would be best suited for peripheral blood smears?

Explanation

Wright's stain would be best suited for peripheral blood smears because it is a combination of eosin and methylene blue dyes that allows for differentiation of different types of blood cells. It stains the cytoplasm of red blood cells pink, the nuclei of white blood cells purple, and the granules in certain white blood cells blue or purple. This staining pattern allows for easy identification and differentiation of different blood cell types under a microscope.

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109. What is the mature cell in cartilage called?

Explanation

The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte.

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110. Which connective tissue cell is a tissue macrophage?

Explanation

The histiocyte is a connective tissue macrophage.

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111. Which of the following can be classified as "connective tissue proper"?

Explanation

Connective tissue proper consists of loose irregular connective tissue and dense connective tissue (regular and irregular).

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112. What is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system called?

Explanation

Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Basket cells are a type of neuron seen in the cerebellum. A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS. Neuroglia are the supporting cells in the central nervous system Sometimes, neuroglia called glial cells or glia. Satellite cells are found in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system.

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113. Which fiber type has a lot of mitochondria?

Explanation

Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers.

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114. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Explanation

Lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are all membranous organelles.

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115. What forms the articular surface on bones?

Explanation

Hyaline cartilage forms the articular surface on bones.

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116. All of the following are properties of neurons, except:

Explanation

Neurons do not divide; therefore they do not have a high mitotic rate.

Neurons have a high metabolic rate. They are unable to survive long without oxygen. They have an extremely long longevity, lasting a lifetime. Neurons are specialize for conduction. They send signals via a nervous impulse.

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117. Lance Armstrong is the seven time winner of the Tour de France. The Tour de France is a bicycle race which covers between 3500 to 4000 kilometers. What type of muscle fiber probably predominates in his legs?

Explanation

Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.

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118. What type of tissue lines blood vessels?

Explanation

The lining of a blood vessel is simple squamous epithelium. This lining is called endothelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple squamous epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Squamous" refers to the fact that the cells are flat.

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119. What is a gland called if it has an unbranched duct?

Explanation

A simple gland has an unbranched duct.

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120. What is the space that an osteocyte rests in?

Explanation

Osteocytes are bone cells that are located within small spaces called lacunae. These lacunae provide a protective environment for the osteocytes and allow them to communicate with each other and exchange nutrients and waste products through tiny channels called canaliculi. Therefore, the correct answer is lacuna.

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121. What type of muscle has intercalated discs?

Explanation

Intercalated discs are seen in cardiac muscle. Intercalated discs are specialized junctions between cardiac cells.

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122. What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell?

Explanation

The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.

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123. Which of the following can be classified as "connective tissue proper"?

Explanation

Connective tissue proper consists of loose irregular connective tissue and dense connective tissue (regular and irregular).

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124. Which of the following can be classified as "embryonic connective tissue"?

Explanation

Embryonic connective tissue includes mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue.

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125. What type of epithelium forms the epidermis?

Explanation

The epidermis is formed by stratified squamous epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Stratified squamous epithelium is "stratified" because it is more than one cell layer thick. "Squamous" refers to the fact that the surface cells of the stratified squamous layer are flat. This is important to note as the cells at the basal layer are cuboidal or even columnar. It is still classified as "squamous" based on the cells of the surface layer.

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126. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Explanation

Lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are all membranous organelles.

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127. Where are Peyer's patches located?

Explanation

Peyer's patches are large nodules of lymphatic tissue. They are seen in the small intestine.

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128. What is another term for the Haversian system?

Explanation

An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system.

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129. Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Explanation

The mucosa of the esophagus is mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

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130. Which of the following layers comprise the skin?

Explanation

The skin is composed of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis.

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131. What type of tissue lines the bladder

Explanation

The lining of the bladder is transitional epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. There are domed shaped cells on the apical surface.

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132. What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide?

Explanation

Epithelium that is classified by the number of cell layers and the cell shape. Epithelium that is one cell thick is classified as simple. Epithelium that is more than one cell layer thick is classified as stratified. If the cells are flat, the epithelium is termed squamous. If the cells are as tall as they are wide, it is cuboidal. If the cells are taller than they are wide, the epithelium is classified as columnar.

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133. Which connective tissue cell type secretes histamine?

Explanation

Mast cells secrete histamine. The also secrete heparin, SRS-A (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, ECF-A (eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis.

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134. Which of the following is the CNS macrophage?

Explanation

Neuroglia are the supporting cells of the central nervous system. Sometimes, neuroglia called glial cells or glia. Astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are all neuroglia.

Of the neuroglia cells, astrocytes are the most abundant and the largest. These are star shaped cells involved in the blood brain barrier.

Ependymal cells line the ventricles and spinal canal.

Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the central nervous system.

Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

Schwann cells are seen in the peripheral nervous system and are not considered neuroglia. Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

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135. Which of the following are considered to be part of the meninges?

Explanation

The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. There are three: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

The dura mater is the outer meninx. The dura mater is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

The arachnoid is made of a delicate spider web like connective tissue.

The pia mater is the innermost meninx. It covers the brain intimately.

Note from Sarah Bellham: Arachnoid is derived from the Greek word for spider. It is used in the words arachnophobia, arachnids and arachnoid.

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136. Costal cartilage is composed of what type of cartilage?

Explanation

Costal cartilage is the cartilage at the end of the ribs. It is hyaline cartilage.

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137. Where does cartilage come from?

Explanation

Cartilage arises from mesenchyme.

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138. Which of the following is supporting cell of the central nervous system?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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139. What is the limiting membrane of a cell?

Explanation

The cell boundary is defined by the cell membrane or plasmalemma. Glycocalyx is a polysacchride that can be found on the outer surface of the cell membranes. Collectively, the cytoplasm and nucleus form the protoplasm of a cell. The folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane are called cristae. The cytoplasm that surrounds organelles is the cytoplasmic ground substance or cytosol.

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140. What is the term for the general process that cells us to bring things into the cell?

Explanation

Endotyosis is the term for the process cells use to have substances enter them. Exoctyosis is the term for the process cells use to remove substances. Phagocytosis is "cell eating" and is used for the transport of particulate matter. Pinocytosis is "cell drinking". Active transport is a method which requires energy.

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141. What are the basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in neurons called?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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142. What are the collagen fibers that extend into bone at an angle called?

Explanation

Sharpey's fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle.

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143. What are most neurons in the body?

Explanation

Most neurons in the body (over 99%) are multipolar.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.

A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.

Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

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144. Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?

Explanation

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. All other nervous system elements are considered to be in the peripheral nervous system. Thus the peripheral nervous system includes receptors, the brachial plexus, the sciatic nerve, and ganglia.

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145. What are the pressure receptors in skin called?

Explanation

Psammoma bodies are collections of calcium. It is derived from the Greek word "psammos", which means sand.

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146. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?

Explanation

The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space is the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater.

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147. What are interneurons?

Explanation

Interneurons are multipolar.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.

A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.

Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

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148. Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral disc?

Explanation

Fibrocartilage forms the intervertebral disc.

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149. Which of the following lines the ventricles?

Explanation

Neuroglia are the supporting cells of the central nervous system. Sometimes, neuroglia called glial cells or glia. Astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are all neuroglia.

Of the neuroglia cells, astrocytes are the most abundant and the largest. These are star shaped cells involved in the blood brain barrier.

Ependymal cells line the ventricles and spinal canal.

Oligodendrocytes form myelin in the central nervous system.

Microglia are the central nervous system macrophages.

Schwann cells are seen in the peripheral nervous system and are not considered neuroglia. Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

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150. Which fiber type uses more anaerobic metabolism?

Explanation

White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.

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151. Which of the following can be classified as "specialized connective tissue"?

Explanation

Specialized connective tissue includes cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood and hemopoietic tissue, and lymphatic tissue.

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152. Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?

Explanation

The heart is a muscle. The main tissue type in the heart is cardiac muscle.
Please be aware that there is connective tissue in the heart. The blood in the heart, for example, is composed of connective tissue. The pericardium is also composed of connective tissue. However, the primary tissue composing the heart is cardiac muscle.

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153. Which organelle produces protein for export?

Explanation

Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of tubules. If there are ribosomes on the tubules, it is termed "rough endoplasmic reticulum". Ribosomes produce proteins. When the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins produced by the ribosomes are exported. If there are no ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, it is called "smooth endoplasmic reticulum". The role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is lipid metabolism.

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154. What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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155. What is the lining of the inner bone on the side which abuts the medullary cavity?

Explanation

The endosteum is the lining of the inner bone (the side which abuts the medullary cavity). The prefix "endo" means within or inner, such as in "endosteum", "endocrine", "endoscope".

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156. Which of the following stain blue with H&E stain?

Explanation

"H&E" stands for hematoxylin and eosin. Hematoxylin can be thought of as a basic dye. It binds to acidic structures, staining them blue to purple. For example, it will bind and stain nucleic acids. Therefore, the nucleus stains blue.

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157. Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle?

Explanation

Striated muscle can be sub-categorized into cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. The tongue, biceps muscle, and upper esophagus are made of striated muscle. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle.

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158. Which fiber type is make up fast-twitch muscle?

Explanation

White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.

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159. What is the dark band in muscle?

Explanation

The A band is the darker staining band. The I band is the light band.

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160. What are the small tunnels seen in bone?

Explanation

Canaliculi are the little tunnels within bone.

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161. Which fiber type is more resistant to fatigue?

Explanation

Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers.

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162. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Explanation

Lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum are all membranous organelles.

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163. Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Explanation

The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is housed in the islets of Langerhans. Within the islets, there are several cell types. The alpha cells secrete glucagon. The beta cells secrete insulin. The delta cells secrete somatostain. The gamma cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas

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164. What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?

Explanation

The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is simple columnar epithelium. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple columnar epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Columnar" cells are taller than they are wide and have an oval nucleus.

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165. What is tissue which surrounds a nerve fascicle?

Explanation

The perineurium is the covering of nerve fascicles. The prefix "peri" means around, such as in the word "perimeter"

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166. What is a gland called if it has an branched duct?

Explanation

A simple gland has an unbranched duct. A compound gland has a branched duct. If the secretory portion of a gland is tube shaped, it is called "tubular". If the secretory portion of a gland is flask shaped, it is called "alveolar" or "acinar". If the secretory portion of a gland is a tube shaped but at the terminus is flask shaped, it is called "tubuloalveolar".

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167. What do you call the space where a chondrocyte sits in?

Explanation

A lacuna is a small space or depression. The space that the chondrocyte rests in is a lacuna.

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168. What forms the striated border?

Explanation

Microvilli are the finger like projections seen on the surface of some cells. The appearance of microvilli form what is also called the brush border or striated border.

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169. Which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?

Explanation

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of the visceral organs, such as the stomach, intestines, bladder, and blood vessels. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is not under voluntary control and is responsible for involuntary movements, such as peristalsis in the digestive system or constriction of blood vessels. The other options listed, including the upper esophagus, heart, tongue, and biceps muscle, are composed of either skeletal or cardiac muscle, not smooth muscle.

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170. Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Explanation

The acini is the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

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171. What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland?

Explanation

Eccrine sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. The neurotransmitter for the eccrine sweat glands is acetylcholine. Thus it is cholinergic.

Note from Sarah Bellham: For most postganglionic sympathetic neurons, the neurotransmitter is norepinephrine. Eccrine sweat glands are an exception to this generalization, as the innervation for eccrine sweat glands is cholinergic sympathetic.

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172. What is the point that a neuron contacts a muscle called?

Explanation

The point of contact where a neuron contacts a muscle is the motor end plate.

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173. What is myosin?

Explanation

Myofilaments are the contractile protein within a muscle cell. The myofilaments are actin and myosin. The thin filaments are actin and the thick filaments are myosin.

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174. Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage?

Explanation

Sweat glands, hair, nails and sebaceous glands are all considered epidermal appendages. The hypodermis is not considered an epidermal appendage. The hypodermis is the loose connective tissue layer underneath the dermis.

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175. What is also called a low resistance junction?

Explanation

A gap junction is a low resistance junction.

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176. What is the cylindrical structure in compact bone?

Explanation

An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system.

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177. What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells?

Explanation

Goblet cells are associated with simple columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Epithelium lines body cavities and surfaces. Simple columnar epithelium is "simple" because it is one cell thick. "Columnar" cells are taller than they are wide and have an oval nucleus.

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178. Which of the following can be classified as "specialized connective tissue"?

Explanation

Specialized connective tissue includes cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, blood and hemopoietic tissue, and lymphatic tissue.

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179. Which meninx covers the brain intimately?

Explanation

The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. There are three: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

The dura mater is the outer meninx. The dura mater is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

The arachnoid is made of a delicate spider web like connective tissue.

The pia mater is the innermost meninx. It covers the brain intimately.

Note from Sarah Bellham: Arachnoid is derived from the Greek word for spider. It is used in the words arachnophobia, arachnids and arachnoid.

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180. Which sensory receptor in the skin is NOT encapsulated?

Explanation

Ruffini endings, pacinian corpuscles, meissner's corpuscles, and merkel cells are all encapsulated sensory receptors.Free nerve endings are not encapsulated.

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181. On a microscope, what structure varies the diameter of the cone of light?

Explanation

The base is the bottom of the microscope. The revolving nosepiece is also called a turret. The objective lens are attached to the nosepiece (or turret). The slide rests on the stage. The tube is the structure which connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses (it is shaped like a tube; thus, its name). The diaphragm controls the diameter of the cone of light.

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182. What sits in a lacuna?

Explanation

The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.

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183. Which fiber type fatigues more readily?

Explanation

Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.

White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.

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184. What cell is an immature bone cell?

Explanation

An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell.

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185. Which layer of the epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline granules?

Explanation

The cells in the stratum granulosum contain keratohyaline granules.

Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: My favorite mnemonic for remembering the layers of the skin: "Californian Ladies Give Superb Backrubs"

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186. What are neurons in the retina?

Explanation

The neurons in the retina are bipolar.

Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.

A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.

Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

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187. Which of the following would be best suited to visualize reticular fibers?

Explanation

Silver impregnation, such as with a reticular stain, can be used to visualize reticular fibers.

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188. Where are Brunner's glands located?

Explanation

Brunner's glands are glands in the submucosa of the small intestine. In the Duodenum.

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189. Which fiber type is larger in diameter?

Explanation

Skeletal muscle fibers can be classified as red fibers, white fibers or intermediate fibers. Red fibers are smaller in diameter; white fibers are larger in diameter. Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers. Red fibers make up slow-twitch muscle; white fibers make up fast-twitch muscle. Red fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are white fibers. Red fibers have more myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment) than white fibers. White fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism.

Red fiber and slow twitch muscle is for endurance.

White fiber and fast twitch muscle is for a burst of power.

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190. Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?

Explanation

Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. The pubic symphysis, ligaments, areolar tissue, and organ capsules are all composed of connective tissue. The spinal cord is composed of nervous tissue.

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191. What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called?

Explanation

The mucosa is the innermost layer of the GI tract. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa.

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192. Which connective tissue cell type contains properties of smooth muscle cells?

Explanation

Myofibroblasts contain properties of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

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193. What is cancellous bone?

Explanation

Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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194. Which connective tissue cell is derived from B lymphocytes?

Explanation

Plasma cells are derived from B lymphocytes.

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195. Which organelle sorts and packages proteins within a cell?

Explanation

The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membranous sacs. Proteins are sorted and packaged in the Golgi apparatus.

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196. What are the folds of the stomach called?

Explanation

The folds of the stomach are called rugae. These are ridges or folds of the stomach lining that allow the stomach to expand and contract in order to accommodate varying amounts of food. The rugae also help to increase the surface area of the stomach, allowing for better absorption of nutrients.

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197. A beauty treatment for the reduction of wrinkles is the injection of hyaluronic acid into the wrinkle. What is hyaluronic acid?

Explanation

The ground substance is amorphous material. It is composed of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans.

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198. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Explanation

Cholecystokinin is produced by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

Histology hint from Sarah Bellham: If ever asked where a process occurs, and you absolutely have no idea, make an educated guess of the liver.

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199. What is white matter?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. White matter is myelinated nerve fibers. Gray matter is essentially neuron cell bodies. Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps that occur in the myelin sheath. Neurofilaments are a type of intermediate filaments seen in neurons.

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200. What is the cell body of a neuron called?

Explanation

A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the central nervous system. The cell body of a neuron is called a perikaryon or soma. An astrocyte is a supporting cell seen in the central nervous system. The basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic seen in neuron cell bodies is called Nissl, Nissl bodies or Nissl substance. The terminal bouton is the end portion of an axon. It is also called an axon terminal or end bulb. The terminal bouton will be associated with another neuron in a synapse.

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Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell?
How many types of cartilage are there?
Which of the following is composed of cardiac muscle?
What is another term for the cell body of a neuron?
What are the gaps that occur within the myelin sheath?
Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastic...
Which of the following is an organelle?
Which type of microscope has only one lens?
What is dense bone?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
What are the folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane called?
Where is thick skin found?
Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation?
Where is cardiac muscle found?
Where is the site of protein synthesis?
Which is the most abundant fiber in connective tissue?
Which connective tissue cell type produces collagen?
Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?
Which of the following stains is used for routine histological...
What is the end of an axon called?
What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?
What does connective tissue develop from?
What is the light band in muscle?
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?
What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?
What process is nicknamed "cell drinking"?
Where do you place the slide when using a microscope?
What is the connective tissue covering which surrounds cartilage?
Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?
What is the primary component of red marrow?
Which organelle is studded with ribosomes?
What type of epithelium appears stratified, but is not?
What type of gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream?
What is the cell body of a neuron called?
Which of the following forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system?
Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?
Which of the following is NOT a fiber found in connective tissue?
What type of basic tissue type is bone?
Which organelle contains detoxifying enzymes?
What is the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal...
What is the mature bone cell called?
Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?
Which of the following would be best suited to visualize lipid?
Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear?
Regarding the blood supply to cartilage:
What is released at a synapse?
What is compact bone?
What forms the skeleton of the fetus?
Which type of cartilage forms the articular surface on bones?
What structure contributes to the cells cytoskeleton?
What is the bottom of a microscope called?
Which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?
During the preparation of a routine H&E slide, what allows the...
Where is thick skin found?
What is the name of the tissue which surrounds muscle fascicles?
What is a group of fibers traveling together?
Which type of neuron is also called an internuncial neuron?
What is the maximum resolving power seen with a compound microscope?
What is actin?
What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube?
Which cell is a macrophage found in the central nervous system?
What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?
Which type of cartilage forms the epiphyseal growth plate?
What forms the epiphyseal growth plate?
What is the term for the general process that cells us to expunge...
Which of the following can be classified as "specialized...
What cell is involved in bone resorption?
Which fiber type uses more aerobic metabolism?
Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped?
Which type of cartilage is the most abundant?
What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood...
What forms the brush border?
What type of epithelium is more than one layer thick?
What type of epithelium is composed of flat cells?
What type of basic tissue type is cartilage?
What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?
Which fiber type has more myoglobin?
Which of the following can be classified as "embryonic connective...
Which type of cartilage is characterized by a glassy matrix?
What is the covering of a bone?
What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the...
What is the polysaccharide coating that is sometimes found on the cell...
Which cell is the mature bone cell?
What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
What region is made of thin filaments?
What type of epithelial cells are taller than they are wide?
Which of the following is an acid dye?
Which of the following can be classified as "specialized...
Collectively, what is the cytoplasm and nucleus called?
What type of connective tissue is an undifferentiated tissue found in...
A sarcomere is defined as the segment from _____ to ____?
Where can hair be found?
What is the primary component of yellow marrow?
What is immature bone?
What is spongy bone?
Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?
What are motor neurons?
What is a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS called?
What are Sudan stains used primarily for?
Which connective tissue cell type produces the ground substance in...
What is the a small clear space within a cell?
What is the classification of the pancreas?
What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?
Which cell type is responsible for bone breakdown?
What is areolar tissue?
What are finger like projections on the surface of some cells called?
What is the outer gray matter of the brain called?
Which of the following would be best suited for peripheral blood...
What is the mature cell in cartilage called?
Which connective tissue cell is a tissue macrophage?
Which of the following can be classified as "connective tissue...
What is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the central...
Which fiber type has a lot of mitochondria?
Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?
What forms the articular surface on bones?
All of the following are properties of neurons, except:
Lance Armstrong is the seven time winner of the Tour de France. The...
What type of tissue lines blood vessels?
What is a gland called if it has an unbranched duct?
What is the space that an osteocyte rests in?
What type of muscle has intercalated discs?
What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell?
Which of the following can be classified as "connective tissue...
Which of the following can be classified as "embryonic connective...
What type of epithelium forms the epidermis?
Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?
Where are Peyer's patches located?
What is another term for the Haversian system?
Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous...
Which of the following layers comprise the skin?
What type of tissue lines the bladder
What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide?
Which connective tissue cell type secretes histamine?
Which of the following is the CNS macrophage?
Which of the following are considered to be part of the meninges?
Costal cartilage is composed of what type of cartilage?
Where does cartilage come from?
Which of the following is supporting cell of the central nervous...
What is the limiting membrane of a cell?
What is the term for the general process that cells us to bring things...
What are the basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic...
What are the collagen fibers that extend into bone at an angle called?
What are most neurons in the body?
Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?
What are the pressure receptors in skin called?
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?
What are interneurons?
Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral disc?
Which of the following lines the ventricles?
Which fiber type uses more anaerobic metabolism?
Which of the following can be classified as "specialized...
Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?
Which organelle produces protein for export?
What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?
What is the lining of the inner bone on the side which abuts the...
Which of the following stain blue with H&E stain?
Which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle?
Which fiber type is make up fast-twitch muscle?
What is the dark band in muscle?
What are the small tunnels seen in bone?
Which fiber type is more resistant to fatigue?
Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?
What is tissue which surrounds a nerve fascicle?
What is a gland called if it has an branched duct?
What do you call the space where a chondrocyte sits in?
What forms the striated border?
Which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland?
What is the point that a neuron contacts a muscle called?
What is myosin?
Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage?
What is also called a low resistance junction?
What is the cylindrical structure in compact bone?
What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells?
Which of the following can be classified as "specialized...
Which meninx covers the brain intimately?
Which sensory receptor in the skin is NOT encapsulated?
On a microscope, what structure varies the diameter of the cone of...
What sits in a lacuna?
Which fiber type fatigues more readily?
What cell is an immature bone cell?
Which layer of the epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline...
What are neurons in the retina?
Which of the following would be best suited to visualize reticular...
Where are Brunner's glands located?
Which fiber type is larger in diameter?
Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?
What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called?
Which connective tissue cell type contains properties of smooth muscle...
What is cancellous bone?
Which connective tissue cell is derived from B lymphocytes?
Which organelle sorts and packages proteins within a cell?
What are the folds of the stomach called?
A beauty treatment for the reduction of wrinkles is the injection of...
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
What is white matter?
What is the cell body of a neuron called?
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