Histology Of Skin And Hair

The correct answer is Integumentary. The integumentary system is the name for the system that composes the skin and its appendages. This system includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It serves as a protective barrier for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps with sensory perception. The central nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, the vascular system is responsible for transporting blood and nutrients, and the respiratory system is responsible for breathing and gas exchange.

The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis. It is the topmost layer of the skin and acts as a protective barrier against external factors such as bacteria, UV radiation, and chemicals. The epidermis is made up of several layers of cells, including the basal layer, which is responsible for the production of new skin cells. This layer also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Overall, the epidermis plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and health of the skin.

The soles of the feet have the thickest skin on the human body. This is because the skin in this area needs to withstand constant pressure and friction from walking and standing. The thick skin on the soles of the feet helps to protect the underlying tissues and bones from damage. Additionally, the skin on the soles of the feet contains an increased number of sweat glands, which helps to keep the feet moisturized and prevent them from drying out.

Sensory nerves in the skin react to touch, allowing us to perceive sensations such as pressure, temperature, and pain. Skin color, eye color, and light do not directly stimulate these nerves. While light can indirectly affect the skin by causing sensations like warmth or sunburn, it is ultimately the touch receptors in the skin that are responsible for detecting and transmitting these sensations to the brain.

Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. It acts as a natural sunscreen by absorbing and scattering the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. UV rays can cause skin damage, sunburn, and increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation.

The dermis, which is the second layer of the skin, is composed of two sublayers called the papillary layer and the reticular layer. The papillary layer is the uppermost layer of the dermis and is responsible for nourishing the epidermis. It contains small blood vessels and nerve endings. The reticular layer is the deeper layer of the dermis and is composed of dense connective tissue, providing strength and elasticity to the skin. Together, these two layers make up the dermis, providing support and structure to the skin.

Melanocytes are cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. In dark skin, melanocytes are larger and more active compared to light or fair skin. This is because dark skin contains more melanin, which provides greater protection against harmful UV radiation from the sun. The higher activity of melanocytes in dark skin helps to absorb and disperse UV radiation, reducing the risk of sunburn and skin damage.

The sub-layers of the epidermis are named from the inside outward as Basal, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, and Corneum.

Grey hair is characterized by a loss of pigment, resulting in a lack of color. Albino hair refers to hair that is completely devoid of pigment, appearing white or very pale. This lack of coloring matter in both grey and albino hair is due to a decrease in melanin production, the pigment responsible for hair color. Therefore, albino hair is the correct answer as it aligns with the absence of coloring matter in grey hair.

Sebum, a natural oil produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin, acts as a protective barrier to prevent the skin from losing moisture. It helps to lubricate the skin and maintain its hydration levels, preventing dryness and maintaining its elasticity. By keeping the skin moisturized, sebum also helps to maintain its overall health and prevent issues such as flakiness, irritation, and discomfort.

The skin and its appendages receive nourishment from the blood vascular system. The blood vessels in the skin deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells, while also removing waste products. This ensures that the skin remains healthy and can carry out its functions effectively. The excretory system is responsible for eliminating waste from the body, the endocrine system regulates hormones, and the nervous system controls sensory and motor functions, but they do not directly provide nourishment to the skin.

Hair receives its nourishment from the hair papilla, which is located at the base of the hair follicle. The hair papilla contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and essential nutrients to the cells of the hair bulb. These blood vessels also remove waste products from the hair follicle. Therefore, the presence of blood vessels in the hair papilla is crucial for the growth and health of the hair.

The dermis is the correct answer because it is the layer of skin that contains blood vessels, oil glands, and sweat glands. The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and is responsible for providing nutrients to the skin, regulating body temperature, and producing sweat and oil. The epidermis, on the other hand, is the outermost layer of the skin and primarily serves as a protective barrier. The stratum corneum and stratum lucidum are specific layers within the epidermis and do not contain blood vessels, oil glands, or sweat glands.

The visible portion of a hair is called the shaft. The shaft is the part of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin. It is composed of dead cells and is responsible for giving hair its length and color. The shaft is the part of the hair that we see and style, while the root is the part that is located beneath the surface of the skin and anchors the hair in place. The options "Shank" and "A&B" are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the visible portion of a hair.

The prickle cell layer of the skin is also known as the stratum spinosum. It is the layer of the epidermis that is located just above the basal cell layer. The cells in this layer have a spiny appearance due to the presence of desmosomes, which are protein structures that connect adjacent cells together. The stratum spinosum is responsible for providing strength and support to the skin, as well as playing a role in the immune response.

The arrector pili is an involuntary muscle that is responsible for causing goosebumps or making the hair on our body stand up. This muscle is connected to the hair follicles and contracts involuntarily in response to various stimuli such as cold temperature or emotional arousal. It is not under conscious control, hence it is considered an involuntary muscle.

The correct answer is Papilla. The papilla is a small cone-shaped elevation found at the bottom of the hair follicle. It is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicle, promoting hair growth. The papilla contains blood vessels that nourish the hair follicle and help in the production of new hair cells.

Hypertrichosis refers to a condition characterized by excessive hair growth on the body. It is a medical condition where an individual develops an abnormal amount of hair in areas that are not typically hairy. This condition can affect both males and females and can be either congenital or acquired. The excessive hair growth can occur on various parts of the body, including the face, arms, back, and chest. Hypertrichosis can be caused by genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment options for hypertrichosis include shaving, waxing, laser hair removal, and medication.

The correct answer is Basal layer. The basal layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanin protects the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays.

The primary purpose of the hair in the head is to protect the head. Hair acts as a natural barrier against external factors such as sunlight, dust, and other environmental elements. It helps to regulate body temperature by providing insulation to the scalp. Additionally, hair also plays a role in cushioning the head against minor impacts and injuries.

Collagen is a protein that is naturally present in the skin. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the skin's strength and elasticity. As we age, the production of collagen decreases, leading to the loss of elasticity in the skin. Therefore, the correct answer is "Elastic," as collagen helps to make the skin more supple and resilient.

The correct answer is prickle cells. Prickle cells, also known as squamous cells or squamous keratinocytes, are the main type of cells found in the spinosum layer of the epidermis. These cells are characterized by their spiky appearance due to the presence of desmosomes, which are intercellular junctions that help hold the cells together. Prickle cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and strength of the skin barrier. They also contribute to the formation of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis.

The fibrous portion of the dermis is primarily composed of collagen, elastic fibers, and reticulum. Collagen provides strength and support to the skin, while elastic fibers allow the skin to stretch and recoil. Reticulum helps in connecting the collagen and elastic fibers. Mast cells, on the other hand, are not a part of the fibrous portion of the dermis. They are a type of immune cell that plays a role in allergic reactions and inflammation.

The dermis is the layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis. It is responsible for providing strength and elasticity to the skin. Other names for the dermis include cutis, derma, and curium. Therefore, the correct answer is "True skin."

Sexual hair is the correct answer because it is hormone dependent and is located on various parts of the body such as the face, ears, chest, and abdomen areas. This type of hair is typically thicker and coarser than regular hair, and its growth is influenced by hormonal changes during puberty and throughout adulthood.

Histology is the correct answer because it refers to the microscopic study of tissues, including the skin. It involves examining the cells and structures of the skin under a microscope to understand its composition and function. Endocrinology is the study of hormones and their effects, dermatology is the study of the skin and its diseases, and trichology is the study of hair and scalp disorders.

The dermis is the skin layer that provides strength, form, and flexibility. It is located beneath the epidermis and contains various structures such as blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The dermis is responsible for supporting the epidermis and giving the skin its elasticity and resilience. It also plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature and providing sensory information to the brain.

The blood and nerve supply of the hair follicle is found in the papilla. The papilla is a small, conical structure at the base of the hair follicle that contains blood vessels and nerves. It provides the necessary nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicle, which is essential for hair growth and maintenance. Additionally, the papilla plays a role in regulating the hair growth cycle and the production of new hair cells.

The substance most produced in the hair is melanin. Melanin is responsible for the color of hair and is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes in the hair follicles. It provides protection against harmful UV radiation from the sun and gives hair its pigmentation.

The correct answer is "sratum granulosum is the fourth sub-layer of the epidermis." This statement is not true because the stratum granulosum is actually the third sub-layer of the epidermis, not the fourth. The correct order of the sub-layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial is: stratum basale (also known as stratum germinativum), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.

The percentage of hair growth in the anagen stage is dependent on the location of the body. Hair growth varies in different areas of the body, with some areas growing hair faster than others. Factors such as genetics, hormones, and blood flow can influence the rate of hair growth in different body parts. Therefore, the location of the body plays a significant role in determining the percentage of hair growth during the anagen stage.

The pilosebaceous unit is composed of the sebaceous gland, dermal papilla, and arrector pili muscle. The sebaceous gland produces sebum, the dermal papilla nourishes the hair follicle, and the arrector pili muscle contracts to make the hair stand up. The sudoriferous gland, also known as the sweat gland, is not part of the pilosebaceous unit as it is responsible for producing sweat, not sebum.

The term "Full anagen" or "Late anagen" or "advanced anagen" or "anagen 6 or VI" or "deepest anagen" refers to the deepest stage of the hair follicle. This stage is characterized by active hair growth, with the hair follicle being fully engaged in producing a hair shaft. It is the stage where the hair is at its strongest and healthiest, and it is during this stage that the hair grows the longest.

The follicle is responsible for determining the shape, size, and direction of the hair. It is a small pocket in the skin where the hair grows from. The follicle contains cells that produce keratin, the protein that makes up the hair strand. These cells also determine the shape of the hair, whether it is straight, curly, or wavy. The size of the follicle determines the thickness of the hair strand, with larger follicles producing thicker hair. The direction of the hair is also determined by the follicle, as the hair grows in the direction set by the follicle's shape and orientation.

Hair follicles are found in the dermis, epidermis, and subcutis. The dermis is the middle layer of the skin and contains the hair follicles, which are responsible for hair growth. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and covers the hair follicles. The subcutis, also known as the hypodermis, is the deepest layer of the skin and provides insulation and cushioning for the body. Together, these three layers of the skin house the hair follicles and support their growth.

Eleidin is found in the epidermis, specifically in the stratum lucidum layer.

The statement "Warmth contracts the skin" is not true. Warmth actually dilates the blood vessels in the skin, causing it to expand and relax, rather than contract.

The statement "terminal stage" is also known as "shedding stage" is not true. The correct term for the final stage of hair growth cycle is "telogen stage", which is also known as the "resting stage". During this stage, the hair follicle is inactive and the old hair is shed to make way for new hair growth.

Vellus hairs are fine, short, and non-pigmented hairs that cover most of the body. They typically begin their growth in a lobe of the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and protects the skin. The vellus hairs that grow in these glands are usually soft and barely noticeable.

The statement that can be made regarding hair follicles is that males and females have the same number of follicles. This means that both genders have an equal amount of hair follicles on their bodies.

On average, hair grows at a rate of approximately 1/2 inch per month. This means that over the course of a month, hair will grow half an inch in length.

Hair cells in the cortex layer are elongated. This means that they have a long and narrow shape. This shape allows them to have a larger surface area for sensory reception and transmission of signals. The elongated shape also enables them to be more flexible and responsive to stimuli.

In the advanced stage of anagen, the hair follicle is at its deepest point of growth. This is when the hair is actively growing and the follicle is fully engaged in producing new hair cells. In the early stage of anagen, the hair follicle is still in the process of transitioning into the growth phase and has not reached its maximum depth yet. Therefore, the advanced stage of anagen is the correct answer as it represents the period of greatest depth in the follicle of terminal hair.

The statement "The cross-sectional view of kinky hair reveals a cylindrical shape" is not true. Kinky hair is characterized by tight curls or coils, and its cross-sectional view would reveal a flat shape, not a cylindrical shape.

The correct answer is Cuticle, Huxley's, Henleys, and Outer root Sheath. This is the correct order of the layers of the hair follicle from the inside outward. The cuticle is the outermost layer, followed by Huxley's layer, Henleys layer, and finally the outer root sheath. These layers are important for the structure and function of the hair follicle.

Very curly hair is associated with or emanates from flat follicles. The shape of the hair follicle determines the shape of the hair strand. Flat follicles produce hair strands that are more oval or elliptical in shape, which leads to curly or very curly hair. In contrast, round follicles produce straight hair strands. Therefore, the correct answer is very curly.

The pigment of the hair is found in the cortex. The cortex is the middle layer of the hair shaft and contains the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. These cells produce melanin, the pigment responsible for giving hair its color. The cortex also provides strength, structure, and elasticity to the hair. The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair that protects it, the papilla is the base of the hair follicle where the hair grows from, and the medulla is the innermost layer of the hair, which is not always present in all hair types.

Hair grows out of a depression in the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is responsible for protecting the body from the external environment. Within the epidermis, there are specialized structures called hair follicles, which are invaginations or depressions in the epidermis. These hair follicles contain the cells that produce and nourish the hair shaft, allowing it to grow. Therefore, the correct answer is epidermis.

The correct answer is Bulge & bub. The bulge and bulb are both essential parts of the hair follicle that need to be destroyed in order to prevent hair growth. The bulge contains stem cells that are responsible for regenerating the hair follicle, while the bulb is the lower part of the follicle that houses the dermal papilla. Destroying both of these parts ensures that the hair follicle cannot regenerate and produce new hair.

Keratinocytes do not lose their nucleus in the stratum spinosum. In fact, it is in the stratum granulosum where the keratinocytes lose their nucleus and other organelles as they become filled with keratin. The stratum spinosum is the layer where the keratinocytes begin to flatten and develop spiny projections, hence the name.