Cj # 121american Corrections : Mid-term
Mid term exam for CJ #121 American Corrections.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is the central purpose of punishment?
- A.
To provide housing
- B.
To protect society
- C.
To carry out the criminal sentence
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. To carry out the criminal sentenceExplanation
The central purpose of punishment is to carry out the criminal sentence. This means that punishment serves as a way to enforce the consequences of a crime and ensure that the sentence given to the offender is executed. Providing housing and protecting society are important aspects of the criminal justice system, but they are not the central purpose of punishment.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Corrections ideally serves which goal(s)?
- A.
Moral code
- B.
Protection
- C.
Punishment
- D.
Both protection and punishment
Correct Answer
D. Both protection and punishmentExplanation
Corrections ideally serve the goals of both protection and punishment. Protection refers to ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals and society by correcting and rehabilitating offenders, preventing them from causing harm again. Punishment, on the other hand, aims to hold offenders accountable for their actions and deter them and others from committing similar offenses in the future. By combining these two goals, corrections aim to create a balance between protecting society and providing consequences for criminal behavior.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Corrections can be seen as a series of ;
- A.
Processes
- B.
Agencies
- C.
Loops
- D.
Both processes and agencies
Correct Answer
D. Both processes and agenciesExplanation
Corrections can be seen as a series of both processes and agencies. This means that when making corrections, there are multiple steps or actions involved (processes) and multiple entities or organizations responsible for carrying out these actions (agencies). These processes and agencies work together to identify and rectify errors or mistakes.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Corrections has one clear primary goal
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "Corrections has one clear primary goal" is false. Corrections, referring to the criminal justice system's branch responsible for managing convicted individuals, has multiple primary goals. These goals include punishment, rehabilitation, deterrence, and public safety. The primary goal of corrections is not singular but rather multifaceted, aiming to address various aspects of the criminal justice system and the individuals involved.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Considering all forms of corrections, more than ___ of all adults under some form of correctional control.
- A.
3%
- B.
5%
- C.
10%
- D.
50%
Correct Answer
A. 3%Explanation
According to the given information, only 3% of all adults are under some form of correctional control. This means that the majority of adults, 97%, are not under any form of correctional control.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is "Transportation" as stated in the text?
- A.
A ride
- B.
Transplanting of offenders
- C.
Deportation
- D.
Exile to other places
Correct Answer
B. Transplanting of offendersExplanation
The correct answer is "transplanting of offenders." This means that transportation, as stated in the text, refers to the act of moving or relocating offenders to another place. It implies that individuals who have committed crimes are being transferred or transported to a different location as a form of punishment or rehabilitation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Is Determinate sentencing;
- A.
A fixed period of incarcertion
- B.
Punishment inflicted on the offender
- C.
A fixed period of probation
- D.
Punishment inflicted on the offender's family
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. A fixed period of incarcertionExplanation
Determinate sentencing refers to a fixed period of incarceration as a punishment inflicted on the offender. This means that the offender is sentenced to a specific length of time in prison, which is predetermined by the court. It is a contrast to indeterminate sentencing, where the length of incarceration is not fixed and can vary based on the offender's behavior or other factors. Determinate sentencing provides a clear and definite punishment for the offender, ensuring that they serve a specific period of time behind bars.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The following is an example of corporal punishment.
- A.
Forgiveness
- B.
Whipping
- C.
Imprisonment
- D.
Religious education
Correct Answer
B. WhippingExplanation
Whipping is an example of corporal punishment, which involves physically inflicting pain or discomfort as a form of punishment. It typically involves striking a person with a whip or similar instrument, causing physical harm and often leaving visible marks or bruises. This form of punishment has been widely criticized for its potential to cause long-lasting physical and psychological damage.Rate this question:
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- 9.
During the Age of Reason, which of the following concepts dominated social and political thinking?
- A.
Liberalism
- B.
Rationality
- C.
Equality
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
During the Age of Reason, social and political thinking was dominated by the concepts of liberalism, rationality, and equality. Liberalism emphasized individual freedom and limited government intervention, rationality promoted the use of reason and logic in decision-making, and equality advocated for equal rights and opportunities for all individuals. These concepts were influential in shaping the ideas and movements of the time, such as the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, which sought to challenge traditional authority and promote a more inclusive and egalitarian society.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Are the goals of punishment , retribution, deterrence, incapacitation rehabilitation?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the goals of punishment are indeed retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Retribution refers to the idea that punishment should be proportional to the harm caused by the offense, deterrence aims to prevent future crimes by instilling fear in potential offenders, incapacitation involves removing the offender from society to protect others, and rehabilitation focuses on reforming the offender and helping them reintegrate into society. These four goals are commonly recognized in the field of criminal justice and guide the implementation of punishment.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Is Retribution punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others ?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Retribution is a form of punishment that is inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others. It is a concept of justice that believes in the idea of "an eye for an eye" and seeks to restore balance by imposing a penalty that is proportionate to the harm caused. This form of punishment aims to provide a sense of closure to the victims and society, as well as deter the offender from committing similar acts in the future.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Is General Deterrence;
- A.
Punishment to discourage
- B.
Punishment to inflict harm
- C.
Punishment to inflict death
- D.
Punishment to reward
Correct Answer
A. Punishment to discourageExplanation
General deterrence refers to the use of punishment as a means to discourage individuals and society at large from engaging in criminal behavior. By imposing penalties and consequences for unlawful actions, the aim is to create a sense of fear and apprehension, deterring potential offenders from committing crimes. The objective is not to inflict harm or death as a form of punishment, but rather to discourage individuals from engaging in illegal activities by making them aware of the potential consequences.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Punishment must be perceived as;
- A.
Fast, certain, severe
- B.
Fast, slow, and certain
- C.
Fast, faster, and fastest
- D.
Fast, deter, and discourage
Correct Answer
A. Fast, certain, severeExplanation
Punishment must be perceived as fast, certain, and severe in order to effectively deter and discourage individuals from engaging in undesirable behavior. The speed at which punishment is administered ensures that there is an immediate consequence for the actions, making it more likely for individuals to associate their behavior with negative outcomes. The certainty of punishment means that individuals are aware that they will face consequences for their actions, further discouraging them from engaging in such behavior. Lastly, the severity of punishment serves as a deterrent, as individuals are less likely to engage in undesirable behavior if they know that the consequences will be severe.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Is Probation a sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while he or she lives in the community under supervision?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Probation is indeed a sentence that allows the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while living in the community under supervision. This means that instead of being incarcerated, the offender is allowed to remain in the community but must adhere to certain conditions and be monitored by a probation officer. Probation aims to provide an opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society while ensuring public safety.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Corporal Punishment can best be described as,
- A.
Punishment of death
- B.
Punishment inflicted on the offenders body
- C.
Punishment inflicted on the offenders body to cause death
- D.
Punishment inflicted on the offenders body for pleasure
Correct Answer
B. Punishment inflicted on the offenders bodyExplanation
Corporal punishment is a form of punishment that involves physical harm or pain being inflicted on the offender's body. This can include spanking, whipping, or any other physical act that is intended to cause pain or discomfort. It is important to note that corporal punishment does not necessarily involve causing death or being done for pleasure. The focus is on the physical punishment itself, rather than the severity or intentions behind it.Rate this question:
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- 16.
According to the concept of_________, offenders are returned to society once they are cured.
- A.
Deterrence
- B.
Retribution
- C.
Incapacitation
- D.
Rehabilitation
Correct Answer
D. RehabilitationExplanation
Rehabilitation is the correct answer because it refers to the concept of returning offenders to society once they are cured. This concept focuses on reforming and rehabilitating offenders through various programs and interventions, such as therapy, education, and vocational training, with the aim of preventing future criminal behavior. It emphasizes the idea that individuals can change and should be given the opportunity to reintegrate into society as productive and law-abiding citizens after receiving appropriate treatment and rehabilitation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Punishment of criminal that is intended to be an example to the publice and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as:
- A.
Specific deterrence
- B.
Specific deterrence
- C.
General deterrence
- D.
General rehabilitation
Correct Answer
C. General deterrenceExplanation
General deterrence refers to the punishment of a criminal with the intention of setting an example for the public and discouraging others from committing similar offenses. This form of punishment aims to instill fear in potential offenders by demonstrating the consequences of their actions. It focuses on the broader impact of punishment on society as a whole, rather than solely on the individual being punished.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Retribution espouses taht an offender should be punished __________ to the gravity of the offense
- A.
In proportion
- B.
In prosecution
- C.
In protest
- D.
In propeller
Correct Answer
A. In proportionExplanation
The correct answer is "in proportion" because retribution is a principle of justice that suggests that the punishment for an offender should be proportional to the severity of the offense committed. This means that the punishment should fit the crime, ensuring that the offender faces consequences that are appropriate and fair.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Who is " IT" ?
- A.
Ex wife
- B.
Ex friend
- C.
A clown
- D.
Ex girlfriend
Correct Answer
A. Ex wifeExplanation
The correct answer is "ex wife" because the question is asking about a specific person referred to as "IT," and out of the given options, "ex wife" is the only one that matches this description.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What are some of the problems associated with the elderly offender?
- 21.
Discribe a Sex offender and give an 2 examples of a typical sex offense.
- 22.
Explain in detail the goals of Rehabilitation in corrections.
- 23.
Explain the Classical School of Criminology ?
- 24.
Name 5 punishments common in Europe before the 1800's besides fines;
- 25.
Explain what the Enlightenment or Age of Reason was during the 1700's
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