Child Development 3

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 792

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1/100 Questions

Tripp pretends to drink from a toy cup. Trippi's sister, Anna takes the same cup and tells Tripp "This is a hat" Tripp refuses to place the cup on his hand to pretend that it is a hat. Tripp is probably
- Younger than 2 years of age
- At least 4 years old
- Less than 1 year of age
- At least 6 years old

About This Quiz

Child Development 3 quiz assesses cognitive skills in young children. Questions explore concepts like animistic thinking, class inclusion, and symbolic play. It's designed to understand developmental stages and individual cognitive differences, crucial for educators and psychologists.

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2.

Four year old Marly is playing with her toy cars. She favors the blue car, but pays with the green car for at least a few minutes. She says "i dont want the green one to get lonely." this is an example of
- Dual representation
- Egocentrism
- Animistic thinking
- Centration
Correct Answer

A. Animistic thinking

Explanation

Marly's statement about not wanting the green car to get lonely suggests that she is attributing human-like feelings and emotions to an inanimate object, which is a characteristic of animistic thinking. This type of thinking is common in young children who have not yet developed the ability to understand that objects have their own independent existence and do not possess human-like qualities.

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3.

During a ________ task, a four year old marissa is asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of two apples, one banana, and three oranges. She will most likely say ________.
- Class inclusion; there are more fruits
- Class inclusion; there are more oranges
- Conservation-of-number; there are more fruit
- Conservation-of-number; there are more oranges
Correct Answer

A. Class inclusion; there are more oranges

Explanation

In this question, Marissa is being asked about the concept of class inclusion, which refers to understanding that a category can be a part of a larger category. In this case, Marissa is being asked if there are more oranges or fruits in a group that contains two apples, one banana, and three oranges. Since oranges are a type of fruit, the correct answer would be "class inclusion; there are more oranges" because Marissa should understand that oranges are a subset of the larger category of fruits.

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4.

Which of the following children is most likely to express disbelief in the Tooth Fairy
- Jacob, a 6 year old Jewish boy
- Frank a six year old Catholic boy
- Luke a six year old Methodist boy
- Glenn a six year old Baptist boy
Correct Answer

A. Jacob, a 6 year old Jewish boy

Explanation

Jacob, a 6 year old Jewish boy, is most likely to express disbelief in the Tooth Fairy because the concept of the Tooth Fairy is not a part of Jewish folklore or tradition. Jewish children are not typically taught to believe in the Tooth Fairy, so Jacob may question or express disbelief in the existence of the Tooth Fairy.

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5.

In Dino's preschool classroom, teachers evaluate each child's educational progress in relation to his or her previous development, rather than on the basis of normative standards, or average performance of same-age peers. This preschool emphasizes the Piagtetian principle of
- Sensitivity to children's readiness to learn
- Assisted discovery
- Discovery learning
- Acceptance of individual differences
Correct Answer

A. Acceptance of individual differences

Explanation

This preschool emphasizes the Piagetian principle of acceptance of individual differences because they evaluate each child's educational progress in relation to their own previous development, rather than comparing them to normative standards or average performance of same-age peers. This approach recognizes that each child develops at their own pace and values their unique abilities and differences.

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6.

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon.." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call _________ speech
- Egocentric
- Private
- Inner
- Social
Correct Answer

A. Private

Explanation

Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call private speech. Private speech refers to the self-directed speech that children engage in while playing or completing tasks. It is a form of verbalization that helps children regulate their thoughts and actions. In this case, Sunni is talking to herself about the location of objects she wants, indicating her use of private speech.

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7.

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning with explanations, demostrations, and verbal prompts, tailoring his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development. This is an example of the Vygotskian principle of
- Peer collaboration
- Discovery learning
- Independent exploration
- Assisted discovery
Correct Answer

A. Assisted discovery

Explanation

In Mr. Naffie's Vygotskian classroom, he guides children's learning by providing explanations, demonstrations, and verbal prompts. He tailors his interventions to each child's zone of proximal development, which means he provides just enough support to help the child learn and progress. This approach aligns with the Vygotskian principle of assisted discovery, where the teacher assists the child in discovering new knowledge or skills by providing appropriate guidance and support. This method encourages active learning and allows children to develop their problem-solving skills while still receiving the necessary assistance from the teacher.

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8.

Compared to Yucatec Mayan preschoolers. Western preschoolers are
- Less sophisticated with make-believe play
- More able to sit quietly for long periods
- More autonomous
- Less competent at self-care
Correct Answer

A. Less competent at self-care

Explanation

Western preschoolers are less competent at self-care compared to Yucatec Mayan preschoolers. This means that Western preschoolers are not as skilled or capable in taking care of themselves in terms of basic daily activities such as dressing themselves, feeding themselves, or using the toilet.

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9.

After a field trip to the mueseum, Leslie asks her son, "What was the first thing we did? why weren't the trains moving? I thought that the pink airplane was really big. What did you think?" Leslie is using an _________ style to elicit her son's autobiographical memory.
- Deliberative
- Repetitive
- Reconstructive
- Elaborative
Correct Answer

A. Elaborative

Explanation

Leslie is using an elaborative style to elicit her son's autobiographical memory. This style involves asking open-ended questions and encouraging the child to provide detailed and specific information about their experience. By asking about the first thing they did, why the trains weren't moving, and what they thought about the pink airplane, Leslie is prompting her son to recall and reflect on specific details of their field trip. This style helps to enhance the child's memory and encourages them to provide more elaborated responses.

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10.

Greta has just been shown two boxes-- a plain, unmarked box full of raisins and a familiar marked raisin box that is empty. Next, Greta is askd to predict where another child will look for raisins. This tasks assesses Greta's understanding of
- Class inclusion
- Conservation
- Irreversibility
- False belief
Correct Answer

A. False belief

Explanation

This task assesses Greta's understanding of false belief. False belief refers to the ability to understand that others may hold beliefs that are different from one's own, even if those beliefs are incorrect or based on false information. In this scenario, Greta is being asked to predict where another child will look for raisins, despite Greta knowing that the familiar marked raisin box is empty. Greta's ability to understand that the other child may still believe there are raisins in the marked box demonstrates her understanding of false belief.

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11.

Three year old Evan recognizes and reads the words "pizza" on a familiar sign, but think that his name is spelled "E" This demonstrates Evan's
- Theory of mind
- Metacognition
- Emergent literacy
- Phonological awareness
Correct Answer

A. Emergent literacy

Explanation

Evan's ability to recognize and read the word "pizza" on a familiar sign shows his emergent literacy skills. Emergent literacy refers to the early stages of reading and writing development, where children begin to understand that print carries meaning. Evan's misconception about the spelling of his name ("E" instead of "Evan") suggests that he is starting to make connections between letters and sounds, but he still has some confusion about letter-sound relationships. This is a typical characteristic of emergent literacy as children are still learning the basics of reading and writing.

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12.

Jay introduced a new ball to his two year old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle, catch!" Kandi's connection of the term, "wiffle" to the bal is an example of
- Overregularization
- Syntactic bootstrapping
- Fast mapping
- Semantic bootstrapping
Correct Answer

A. Fast mapping

Explanation

Fast mapping refers to the process by which children quickly and flexibly learn new words and their meanings based on limited exposure. In this scenario, Kandi quickly associated the term "wiffle" with the new ball that her father introduced to her. This demonstrates her ability to make a fast connection between a new word and its referent, which is characteristic of fast mapping.

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13.

When moses says "My Ball is a circle" his father replies "Yes, your basketball is round, just like a circle" Moses' father's response is an example of
- Fast mapping
- A recast
- An overregularization
- An expansion
Correct Answer

A. An expansion

Explanation

Moses' father's response is an example of an expansion because he is providing additional information and elaborating on Moses' statement. He acknowledges that Moses' ball is round, just like a circle, which adds more details to the initial statement. This response goes beyond simply repeating or rephrasing what Moses said, making it an expansion.

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14.

When Sadie says "I goed to the store" her mother replies, "yes, you went to the store." Sadie's mother's responds is an example of
- Fast mapping
- A recast
- An overregularization
- An expansion
Correct Answer

A. A recast

Explanation

Sadie's mother's response is an example of a recast. A recast is a strategy used by adults to rephrase or restate a child's incorrect statement in a more grammatically correct way. In this case, Sadie said "I goed to the store," which is an example of overregularization where she applied a regular past tense rule to the irregular verb "go." Sadie's mother corrected her by saying "yes, you went to the store," providing a model of the correct past tense form of the verb. This recast helps Sadie to hear and learn the correct form of the verb without directly pointing out her mistake.

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15.

According to Erikson, play
- Allows young children to escape from the demands of their lives into a fantasy world
- Symbolically represents preschools' unconscious wishes and desires
- Is secondary to academic learning for preschoolers
- Permits preschoolers to try out new skills with little risk of criticism or failure
Correct Answer

A. Permits preschoolers to try out new skills with little risk of criticism or failure

Explanation

Play allows young children to try out new skills with little risk of criticism or failure.

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16.

Three year old Sara says "i have three dolls. I have brown hair. I made a tall tower.." This demonstrates taht Sara is beginning to develop
- Self-esteem
- A self-concept
- A gender identity
- Gender typing
Correct Answer

A. A self-concept

Explanation

This statement suggests that Sara is beginning to develop a self-concept. She is able to identify and describe herself by mentioning her possessions (dolls), physical appearance (brown hair), and achievements (making a tall tower). This shows that she is starting to understand and define herself as an individual with her own characteristics and abilities.

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17.

Five year old Anthony and his four year old sister Angela are engaged in a typical sibling dispute over a favorite child. In order to help them gain sensitivity to their sibling's feelings, their parents should
- Intervene with reasoning and negotiating
- Let them work through the dispute on their own, intervening only if there are tears involved
- Settle the dispute by making the children each take a turn in the chair for a set amount of time
- Totally ignore the dispute
Correct Answer

A. Intervene with reasoning and negotiating

Explanation

To help Anthony and Angela gain sensitivity to their sibling's feelings, their parents should intervene with reasoning and negotiating. This approach allows the parents to guide the children in understanding each other's perspectives and finding a mutually agreeable solution. By engaging in reasoning and negotiating, the children can learn important skills such as empathy, compromise, and effective communication. This intervention promotes a healthy resolution to the dispute and helps foster a positive sibling relationship.

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18.

At a parade, 3 year old Kyle puts his fingers in his ears when he hears the fire trucks coming down the street. Kyle is displaying
- Scaffolding
- Situational empathy
- Social problem-solving
- Emotional self regulation
Correct Answer

A. Emotional self regulation

Explanation

In this scenario, Kyle's action of putting his fingers in his ears when he hears the fire trucks indicates that he is trying to regulate or control his emotional response to the loud noise. This behavior shows that he is attempting to manage his emotions by blocking out the sound, which is an example of emotional self-regulation.

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19.

When three year old Kaylee spills her water after filling her glass too full, her mother says "You filled the glass very full. Next time try putting less water in the glass" Assuming that Kaylee's mother repeatedly gives this sort of feedback which of the following is most likely to be true?
- Kaylee is likely to show little sympathy to others in distress
- Kaylee is likely to experience self-conscious emotions intensely
- Kaylee is likely to experience moderate, adaptive levels of shame and pride
- Kaylee is likely to experience a low level of pride after a success
Correct Answer

A. Kaylee is likely to experience moderate, adaptive levels of shame and pride
20.

Twins Jillian and Wesley 11 months old play near each other with similar materials. However they do not try to direct each other's activities. They are engaged in _______ play
- Parallel
- Cooperative
- Associative
- Nonsocial
Correct Answer

A. Parallel

Explanation

The twins Jillian and Wesley are playing near each other with similar materials, but they are not trying to direct each other's activities. This indicates that they are engaged in parallel play. In parallel play, children play alongside each other but do not actively interact or engage in cooperative play.

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21.

Shelby and Sharon are four years old and are best friensd. They probably
- Count on each other's emotional support
- Have similar values and attitudes
- Feel lasting trust and caring for each other
- Have fun playing together
Correct Answer

A. Have fun playing together

Explanation

Shelby and Sharon, being four years old and best friends, are likely to have fun playing together. At this age, children often engage in imaginative play and enjoy each other's company. They may engage in various activities, such as playing with toys, pretending to be characters, or exploring their surroundings together. Play is an essential part of their social and emotional development, allowing them to bond, learn, and have fun. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that Shelby and Sharon have fun playing together.

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22.

Most theories agree that
- A child's morality is regulated by inner standards from birth
- Truly moral individuals do the right thing to conform to other's expectations
- At first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults
- Conscience does not begin to take shape until age 7
Correct Answer

A. At first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults

Explanation

At first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults. This means that initially, children rely on the guidance and rules set by adults to determine what is right and wrong. They learn moral values and behaviors through external influences such as parental teachings, societal norms, and rules enforced by authority figures. As they grow older and develop their own sense of reasoning and understanding, they start to internalize these moral standards and develop their own conscience. This explanation aligns with the idea that children's morality is shaped by external factors before they develop their own internal moral compass.

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23.

Three year old Connor is asked to choose the child who is the "most wrong" which child is Connor the most likely to choose?
- A child eating ice cream with her fingers
- A child who does not say "please" when she asks her friends to pass the water
- A child who hits his sister for no reason
- A boy who wears his long hair in a ponytail
Correct Answer

A. A child who hits his sister for no reason

Explanation

Connor is most likely to choose the child who hits his sister for no reason because it is an act of aggression and violence, which is considered morally wrong. The other options, such as eating ice cream with fingers, not saying "please," or wearing a ponytail, do not involve harmful behavior towards others.

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24.

To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the way. This is an example of __________ aggression
- Hostile
- Instrumental
- Passive
- Relational
Correct Answer

A. Instrumental

Explanation

Diana pushing her little brother out of the way to sit next to her mother at a restaurant can be considered instrumental aggression. Instrumental aggression is when aggression is used as a means to achieve a goal or desired outcome. In this case, Diana's goal is to sit next to her mother, and she is using aggression (pushing her brother) as a means to achieve that goal.

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25.

Research on biological influences on gender typing reveals that
- Sex differences in play and personality traits only appear in Western Cultures
- Aggression preference for same-sex playmates is widespread among mammalism species
- Preschool girls prefer to play in larger-group play with other girls, while boys prefer to play in pairs
- Prenatally administered androgens decrease active play
Correct Answer

A. Aggression preference for same-sex playmates is widespread among mammalism species

Explanation

Research on biological influences on gender typing reveals that aggression preference for same-sex playmates is widespread among mammalian species. This suggests that the tendency for individuals to prefer playing with others of the same sex is not limited to humans, but is observed in various other mammal species as well. This finding supports the idea that there may be underlying biological factors influencing gender-typed behavior.

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26.

Kevin's parents make few or no demands. They permit Kevin to make many decisions before he is ready. Kevin's parents have a(n) __________ style of child rearing.
- Authoritarian
- Permissive
- Authoritative
- Uninvolved
Correct Answer

A. Permissive

Explanation

Kevin's parents have a permissive style of child rearing because they make few or no demands and allow Kevin to make many decisions before he is ready. They likely have a lenient approach to parenting, giving Kevin a lot of freedom and autonomy in his choices.

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27.

A child who believes that all firefighters are boys
- Is a gender-aschematic child
- Has not yet attained gender constancy
- Has an incomplete gender identity
- Has well-formed gender schemas
Correct Answer

A. Has well-formed gender schemas

Explanation

A child who believes that all firefighters are boys has well-formed gender schemas. This means that the child has developed a set of beliefs and expectations about gender roles and attributes. In this case, the child has formed a schema that associates the occupation of firefighter with the male gender. This suggests that the child has internalized societal gender norms and stereotypes, which influence their understanding of gender roles and identities.

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28.

Which of the following is supported by research on child abuse?
- A single abusive personality type is a common thread among abusers
- Most parents who were abused as children become child abusers
- Fathers engage in neglect more often than mothers
- Maternal and paternal rates of physical abuse are fairly similar
Correct Answer

A. Maternal and paternal rates of physical abuse are fairly similar

Explanation

Research on child abuse has shown that maternal and paternal rates of physical abuse are fairly similar. This suggests that both mothers and fathers are equally likely to engage in physical abuse towards their children. This finding contradicts the notion that one gender is more prone to engaging in physical abuse than the other.

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29.

Which of the following is true about the judicial system and child maltreatment
- Fewer cases of child maltreatment reach the courts than in decades past
- Child maltreatment is a crime that is relatively easy to prove
- In the united states, government intervention into family life is viewed as a last resort
- Maltreated children and their parents are not usually attached to one another.
Correct Answer

A. In the united states, government intervention into family life is viewed as a last resort

Explanation

In the United States, government intervention into family life is viewed as a last resort. This means that authorities generally try to preserve the family unit and intervene only when it is absolutely necessary to protect the child from further harm. This approach is based on the belief that families should have the primary responsibility for raising their children, and that government intervention should be a last option to ensure the child's safety and well-being.

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30.

Seal is getting ready to start first grade. During the school years, his parents can expect him to add about ______ inches in height and _______ pounds in weight each year
- 1 to 2; 3
- 2 to 3; 5
- 3 to 4; 10
- 4 to 5; 15
Correct Answer

A. 2 to 3; 5

Explanation

During the first grade, Seal's parents can expect him to add approximately 2 to 3 inches in height and 5 pounds in weight each year. This is a typical growth rate for children of this age, as they experience a growth spurt during this time.

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31.

Joey and Rachel are approaching adolescence. At this time, they are likely to grow out of their __________ more quickly than their __________.
- Hats; shoes
- Jeans; jacket
- Shirts; jeans
- Jackets; shoes
Correct Answer

A. Jeans; jacket

Explanation

During adolescence, individuals experience rapid growth spurts. It is common for teenagers to outgrow their clothes quickly, especially their pants or jeans, as their legs tend to grow longer. On the other hand, jackets are usually designed with a bit more room to accommodate for growth, so they may not need to be replaced as frequently as jeans. Therefore, it is likely that Joey and Rachel will grow out of their jeans more quickly than their jacket.

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32.

Milo's neurotransmitters are not present in appropriate balances. He has begun to experience seizures and loss of motor control. Milo may suffer from
- Epilepsy
- Cerebal palsy
- Muscular dystropy
- Autrism
Correct Answer

A. Epilepsy

Explanation

Milo's symptoms of seizures and loss of motor control are consistent with epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal brain activity that causes seizures. The imbalance of neurotransmitters in Milo's brain could be contributing to these abnormal electrical discharges, leading to his symptoms. Cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and autism are all different conditions with distinct symptoms and causes, which do not align with Milo's symptoms.

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33.

Eating an eveing meal with parents leads to a diet
- Lower in fruits
- Higher in soft drinks
- Lower in fried foods
- Lower in vegetables
Correct Answer

A. Lower in fried foods

Explanation

Eating an evening meal with parents may lead to a diet that is lower in fried foods. This could be due to the influence and guidance of parents who may prioritize healthier food choices and discourage the consumption of fried foods. Additionally, when eating with parents, there may be a greater emphasis on home-cooked meals which are often healthier compared to fried foods commonly found in fast food or restaurant meals.

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34.

Willemina's mom is concerned that she is not eating a well balanced diet. One solution is to
- Make sure she eats three healthy meals a day, but allow at least one junk food snack between meals.
- Keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter available for snacks
- Make sure to have new, novel healthy food items available for snacks
- Allow her to make her own food choices because children naturally select balanced diets
Correct Answer

A. Keep cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter available for snacks

Explanation

The suggested solution of keeping cheese, fruit, raw vegetables, and peanut butter available for snacks is a good way to ensure that Willemina has healthy options for snacking. These foods provide a variety of nutrients and are a healthier alternative to junk food snacks. By having these options readily available, Willemina is more likely to choose nutritious snacks and maintain a well-balanced diet.

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35.

Which of the following children is most likely to have myopia?
- Travis, who lives in a high ses household
- Devin whose parents have good eyesight
- Chen who weighed 8 pounds at birth
- Hallie whose lives in a low ses household
Correct Answer

A. Travis, who lives in a high ses household

Explanation

Children who live in a high socio-economic status (SES) household are more likely to have myopia. This is because higher SES households often have access to more resources and education, which can lead to increased near work activities such as reading or using electronic devices for long periods of time. These activities are associated with the development of myopia.

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36.

Mikkah is 8 year olds, and experiences nocturnal enuresis. His parents have decided against any type of treatment, feeling that he will "outgrow it" his parents should know that
- Treatment in middle childhood has immediate positive psychological consequences
- Enuresis is not something that can be outgrown
- Doing nothing is, in fact, the most effective treatment for enuresis
- Without medical intervention, he runs a high risk of having this problem reoccur throughout his life.
Correct Answer

A. Treatment in middle childhood has immediate positive psychological consequences

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that treatment in middle childhood for nocturnal enuresis has immediate positive psychological consequences. This means that seeking treatment can have a positive impact on the child's mental well-being. It implies that not seeking treatment may have negative psychological effects on the child.

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37.

Which of the following is true about childhood injuries?
- Injury fatalities decrease from middle childhood into adolescence
- Injury rates for girls rise considerable above those for boys
- Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood
- Sports-related injuries are the second leading cause of injury in middle childhood.
Correct Answer

A. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood

Explanation

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury fatalities in middle childhood. This means that among all the different types of injuries that occur during this age range, accidents involving motor vehicles result in the highest number of fatalities. It suggests that the risk of severe injury or death is particularly high when children are involved in motor vehicle accidents during middle childhood.

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38.

As Bree gets older, how will her batting abilities change?
- Her speed will increase but accuracy will stay the same
- Her speed will stay the same but her accuracy will improve
- Batting motions will involve her entire body
- Batting motions will primarily involve her upper body
Correct Answer

A. Batting motions will involve her entire body

Explanation

As Bree gets older, her batting abilities will change in such a way that her batting motions will involve her entire body. This means that as she matures, she will develop better coordination and strength, allowing her to generate more power and control in her swings. Unlike when she was younger and primarily using her upper body, she will now engage her lower body as well, resulting in more efficient and effective batting technique. This change in her batting motions will contribute to an overall improvement in her batting abilities.

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39.

Boys have an edge over girls in
- Handwriting
- Drawing
- Skipping
- Throwing
Correct Answer

A. Throwing

Explanation

Boys have an edge over girls in throwing. This could be due to various factors such as differences in physical strength, muscle development, and coordination. Research has shown that boys tend to have better throwing skills compared to girls, which can be attributed to biological and physiological differences. These differences may give boys an advantage in activities that require throwing, such as sports like baseball or football.

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40.

Compared with past generations, school-age children today spend more time
- Gathering informally on sidewalks
- In adult-organized sports
- At playgrounds
- In spontaneous play
Correct Answer

A. In adult-organized sports

Explanation

The correct answer is "in adult-organized sports" because it is stating that school-age children today spend more time in organized sports compared to past generations. This implies that children are now more involved in structured sports activities that are supervised and organized by adults, rather than engaging in informal activities like gathering on sidewalks or spontaneous play.

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41.

Which of the following is true about school recess?
- In recent years, recess time has increased.
- Recess periods tend to subtract from classroom learning
- Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing recess breaks enhances attention
- Classroom disruptive behavior increases for children who have more than 15 minutes of daily recess.
Correct Answer

A. Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing recess breaks enhances attention

Explanation

Distributing cognitively demanding tasks over a longer time by introducing recess breaks enhances attention. This means that taking breaks during the school day, such as recess, can help improve students' ability to focus and pay attention during class. It suggests that incorporating short breaks in between periods of intense cognitive activity can actually enhance learning and attention span.

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42.

Mr. Carter's physical education class should emphasize
- Competitive sports
- Individual exercise
- Team success
- Athletic ability
Correct Answer

A. Individual exercise

Explanation

Mr. Carter's physical education class should emphasize individual exercise because it allows each student to focus on their own fitness goals and progress at their own pace. This approach promotes personal responsibility and self-motivation, as students are encouraged to set and achieve their own targets. It also caters to the diverse needs and abilities of the students, ensuring that everyone can participate and benefit from the class. By emphasizing individual exercise, Mr. Carter can create a supportive and inclusive environment that promotes overall health and well-being.

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43.

School recess
- Is one of the few remaining contexts devoted to child-organized games
- Inhibits class learning
- Has no effect on classroom learning
- Boosts classroom learning, but only when provided as an incentive to get students to work harder
Correct Answer

A. Is one of the few remaining contexts devoted to child-organized games

Explanation

School recess is one of the few remaining contexts devoted to child-organized games. This means that during recess, children have the opportunity to engage in games and activities that they organize themselves, without adult intervention. This is important because it allows children to develop important social and cognitive skills, such as problem-solving, cooperation, and creativity. By engaging in child-organized games during recess, children have the freedom to explore their interests, interact with their peers, and develop important life skills.

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44.

Maurice and Samson occansionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another, alternating roles while smiling and laughing. Maurice and Samson are engaged in ________ play.
- Rough and tumble
- Parallel
- Nonsocial
- Constructive
Correct Answer

A. Rough and tumble

Explanation

Maurice and Samson engaging in activities like wrestling, rolling, hitting, and running after each other, while alternating roles and having fun, indicates that they are involved in rough and tumble play. This type of play involves physical activities that are energetic, vigorous, and often involve physical contact, but it is done in a playful and non-aggressive manner.

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45.

Gains in ______ permit the transition to rule-oriented games
- Flexibility
- Agility
- Perspective taking
- Fine-motor ability
Correct Answer

A. Perspective taking

Explanation

Perspective taking refers to the ability to understand and consider other people's thoughts, feelings, and perspectives. Gains in perspective taking would allow individuals to better understand and follow the rules of rule-oriented games. By being able to see things from different perspectives, individuals can better understand the intentions behind the rules and make decisions accordingly, making the transition to rule-oriented games smoother.

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46.

Eight year old Daniel focuses on several aspects of a problem and relates them rather than centering on just one. Daniel is capable of
- Decentration
- Conservation
- Reversibility
- Seriation
Correct Answer

A. Decentration

Explanation

Decentration refers to the cognitive ability to consider multiple aspects of a problem and relate them, rather than focusing on just one aspect. In this case, the fact that eight-year-old Daniel is capable of decentration suggests that he has developed the cognitive ability to think beyond a single focus and consider multiple perspectives or dimensions of a problem. This ability is an important milestone in cognitive development and indicates that Daniel is able to think more flexibly and abstractly.

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47.

Camilla, age 5 often uses an empiricial approach instead of a logical approach to solve problems. After failing at a class inclusion task at school, her teacher provided a logical explanation for solving the problem correctly. Based on recent studies, Camilla's future performance on this task should
- Improve rapidly
- Be similar to that of an 8 year old child
- Decrease slightly
- Remain the same
Correct Answer

A. Improve rapidly

Explanation

Based on recent studies, it is likely that Camilla's future performance on the class inclusion task will improve rapidly. This is because children at the age of 5 tend to rely more on an empirical approach rather than a logical one. However, when provided with a logical explanation by her teacher, Camilla now has the opportunity to learn and apply a new problem-solving strategy. With practice and understanding, she is expected to show significant improvement in her performance on the task.

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48.

Ten year old Annabelle has improved her ability to control internal and external distracting stimuli. Annabelle has made gains in
- Mindfulness
- Inhibition
- Prohibitive concentration
- Process regulation
Correct Answer

A. Inhibition

Explanation

Annabelle's improvement in her ability to control internal and external distracting stimuli suggests that she has made gains in inhibition. Inhibition refers to the ability to suppress or block unwanted thoughts, impulses, or behaviors, allowing individuals to focus and concentrate on the task at hand. By improving her inhibition skills, Annabelle has become better at filtering out distractions and maintaining her attention, which can lead to improved performance and productivity.

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49.

Ten year old Gemma is presented with a stream of numbers on a computer screen. She is asked to press a button when the two digit sequence of a "5" followed by at "7" appears. gemma's __________ attention is being tested
- Adaptive
- Selective
- Planful
- Productive
Correct Answer

A. Selective

Explanation

Gemma's selective attention is being tested because she is specifically instructed to only pay attention to the two-digit sequence of a "5" followed by a "7". She needs to selectively focus on this specific pattern and ignore other numbers or sequences that may appear on the screen. This requires her to filter out irrelevant information and concentrate on the target sequence, demonstrating her selective attention abilities.

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Nov 30, 2011

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