Early Childhood- Cognitive Development

2.

{Blank} is the lack of recognizing that an action can be reversed. (Rathus, 2013)

Explanation
Irreversibility is the lack of recognizing that an action can be reversed. This means that a person who exhibits irreversibility fails to understand that certain actions or decisions can be undone or changed. They may believe that once something is done, it cannot be undone, leading to a sense of permanence and inability to see alternative solutions or possibilities. This concept is important in cognitive development as individuals progress from a more concrete and rigid thinking style to a more flexible and abstract thinking style.

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3.

New studies have shown that even at preschool age, children are able to understand the difference in events or objects that are real and those that are false or misleading. This knowledge is called...

Theory of mind
Mental representations
Appearance-reality distinction
Pragmatics

Correct Answer

A. Appearance-reality distinction

Explanation

Preschool-age children's ability to understand the difference between real and false or misleading events or objects is referred to as the appearance-reality distinction. This term describes their developing understanding that things may not always be as they seem, and that there can be a distinction between how something appears and how it actually is. This cognitive ability is an important milestone in children's understanding of the world around them and their ability to navigate social interactions.

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4.

Approximately what ages did Piaget find that the preoperational stage of cognitive development occurs?

2-7 years old
1-6 years old
3-4 years old
3-9 years old

Correct Answer

A. 2-7 years old

Explanation

Piaget found that the preoperational stage of cognitive development occurs approximately between the ages of 2 and 7 years old. During this stage, children begin to develop symbolic thinking, language skills, and imagination. They also start to understand concepts such as object permanence and pretend play. This stage is characterized by egocentrism, where children struggle to see things from others' perspectives. They also have difficulty with logical reasoning and conservation tasks.

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5.

The approach used by many children in their vocabulary development to quickly connect a new word and its correct definition is called {blank}.

Correct Answer
fast-mapping, fast mapping

Explanation
Fast mapping, also known as fast-mapping, is the approach used by many children in their vocabulary development to quickly connect a new word and its correct definition. It allows children to make initial connections between a new word and its meaning after only a few exposures. This process helps children expand their vocabulary rapidly by forming temporary connections between words and their meanings, which can later be refined and solidified with more exposure and experience.

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6.

What are some positive effects of TV on a child's cognitive development?

New experiences
Increase in academic knowledge
Couch-potato effect
Teaching them letters, numbers, and classifying objects
A, B, and D
None of the above

Correct Answer

A. A, B, and D

Explanation

TV can have positive effects on a child's cognitive development by providing them with new experiences, increasing their academic knowledge, and teaching them letters, numbers, and classifying objects. Through TV, children can be exposed to different cultures, places, and ideas, expanding their worldview and stimulating their curiosity. Educational programs can also enhance their academic knowledge by teaching them various subjects and skills. Additionally, TV shows that focus on teaching letters, numbers, and classification can help children develop important cognitive abilities such as language and problem-solving skills.

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7.

Class inclusion is....

When a child focuses on only one part of the situation, therefore ignoring the others
The principle that substances properties stay the same, while secondary characteristics change
The theory that we should include every child in the general education classroom regardless of disability
The theory that one category of objects or things can include many subcategories

Correct Answer

A. The theory that one category of objects or things can include many subcategories

Explanation

Class inclusion is the theory that one category of objects or things can include many subcategories. This means that a larger category can encompass multiple smaller categories within it. For example, the category of "animals" can include subcategories such as "mammals," "birds," and "reptiles." This theory emphasizes the hierarchical nature of categorization, where broader categories contain narrower categories. It helps individuals understand the relationships between different categories and how they are organized.

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8.

{Blank} is one type of memory task, typically harder for children than recognition, because they must replicate material from their memory without having it in front of them.

Correct Answer
Recall

Explanation
Recall is a type of memory task where individuals are required to reproduce information from memory without any cues or prompts. This task is often more challenging for children compared to recognition, as they need to retrieve and replicate information solely based on their memory without having any visual aids or prompts in front of them.

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9.

Children create {blank}, which are general descriptions of an event. These explanations get more detailed as the child experiences these particular events more often.

Correct Answer
scripts

Explanation
Children create scripts, which are general descriptions of an event. These scripts serve as a cognitive framework that helps children understand and interpret their experiences. As children encounter these events more frequently, their scripts become more detailed and refined, allowing them to navigate and make sense of the world around them more effectively.

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10.

In vocabulary development, the concept that children are bias when they assume that a word is referring to the entire object and not necessarily to the characteristics of that object is known as what?

Overregularization
Contrast assumption
Whole-object assumption
Fast-mapping

Correct Answer

A. Whole-object assumption

Explanation

The concept in vocabulary development where children assume that a word refers to the entire object rather than just its characteristics is known as the whole-object assumption. This means that children tend to believe that when they hear a word, it is referring to the entire thing and not just a specific attribute or part of it. This assumption helps children in learning and understanding new words and their meanings.

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Early Childhood- Cognitive Development

This attitude is very common in early childhood and can be defined by putting yourself and your perceptions first, making you unable to see others viewpoints of the world.

Quiz Preview

{Blank} is the lack of recognizing that an action can be reversed. (Rathus, 2013)

New studies have shown that even at preschool age, children are able to understand the difference in events or objects that are real and those that are false or misleading. This knowledge is called...

Approximately what ages did Piaget find that the preoperational stage of cognitive development occurs?

The approach used by many children in their vocabulary development to quickly connect a new word and its correct definition is called {blank}.

What are some positive effects of TV on a child's cognitive development?

Class inclusion is....

{Blank} is one type of memory task, typically harder for children than recognition, because they must replicate material from their memory without having it in front of them.

Children create {blank}, which are general descriptions of an event. These explanations get more detailed as the child experiences these particular events more often.

In vocabulary development, the concept that children are bias when they assume that a word is referring to the entire object and not necessarily to the characteristics of that object is known as what?