Chemistry Chiropractic Boards Part 1

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  • 1/68 Questions

    The main storage form of glucose in animals is:

    • Starch
    • Glycogen
    • Lipids
    • Proteins
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Test qustions on carbohydrates, lipids, protein and all things chemistry!

Chemistry Chiropractic Boards Part 1 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    All of the following process increase blood sugar levels except:

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Glycogenesis

    • Gluconeogenesis

    • Glucogenesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycogenesis
    Explanation
    glycolysis: sugar breakdown
    glyconeogenesis: aka gluconeogensis, formation of carbohydrates from non-carb sources

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  • 3. 

    All of the following are considered low energy compounds except:

    • NADH

    • AMP

    • ADP

    • NADP

    Correct Answer
    A. NADH
    Explanation
    anything without a phosphate group

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  • 4. 

    The breakdown of glycogen is called:

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Glyconeogenesis

    • Glycogenesis

    • Glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycogenolysis
    Explanation
    they keyword in this question is GLYCOGEN, the breakdown of glycogen is glycogenolysis!!

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  • 5. 

    Glucose plus fructose makes which of thef ollowing disaccharides?

    • Sucrose

    • Lactose

    • Maltose

    • Isomaltose

    Correct Answer
    A. Sucrose
    Explanation
    lactose = glucose + gaLACtose
    maltose = glucose + glucose

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  • 6. 

    The protein portion of an enzyme is called

    • Apoprotein

    • Holoenzyme

    • Coenzyme A

    • Cofactor

    Correct Answer
    A. Apoprotein
    Explanation
    holoenzyme: biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme.
    coenzyme A: A nonprotein compound necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
    cofactor: A substance (other than the substrate) essential for the activity of an enzyme.

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  • 7. 

    With out Vitamin _____ collagen will not form in the body

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • E

    Correct Answer
    A. C
    Explanation
    A = (FS) visual, retinol, health of mucous membranes
    B = WS) too many to list
    D = (FS) calcium, 1,25 diOH cholecalciferol, Hydroxylation
    E = (FS) antioxidant, cardiovascular problems, wheat germ, stored in adipose tissue
    K= (FS) clotting, makes pro-thrombin in the liver

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein?

    • Albumin

    • Immunoglbulin

    • Gamma globulin

    • T-lymphocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Albumin
    Explanation
    Major plasma proteins: albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and the gamma globulins,
    Immunoglbulin: protein produced by plasma cells and lymphocytes and characteristic of these types of cells... Immunoglobulins, quantitative serum IgA 68 - 378 mg/dL IgG 768 - 1632 mg/dL IgM 60 - 263 mg/dL IgE 10 - 180 IU/L
    Gamma globulin: A protein fraction of blood serum containing many antibodies that protect against bacterial and viral infectious diseases.

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  • 9. 

    Gluose-1-phosphate plus ________ gives glucose -6-phosphate.

    • Debranching enzyme

    • Glycogen phosphorylase

    • Phosphoglucomutase

    • Pryruvate

    Correct Answer
    A. Phosphoglucomutase
    Explanation
    an enzyme found in all plant and animal cells that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate

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  • 10. 

    The coenzyme of pantothenic acid (B5) is:

    • FAD

    • NADP

    • Coenzyme A

    • FMN

    Correct Answer
    A. Coenzyme A
    Explanation
    Coenzyme A is the correct answer because it is the coenzyme of pantothenic acid (B5). Coenzyme A plays a crucial role in various metabolic reactions, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. It acts as a carrier molecule, transferring acetyl groups from one molecule to another. This process is essential for energy production and the synthesis of important molecules in the body. Therefore, coenzyme A is directly associated with pantothenic acid and its functions in cellular metabolism.

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  • 11. 

    Beriberi is associated with a ________ deficiency.

    • Ribioflavin

    • Thiamine

    • Niacin

    • Pantothenic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Thiamine
    Explanation
    Deficiency:
    ribioflavin: low in B2, Cheilosis, Magenta tongue
    Niacin: low in B3, Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
    pantothenic acid: low in B5, burning feet

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  • 12. 

    All of the following assocated with a folic acid deficiency except:

    • Chilosis

    • Megaloblastic anemia

    • Tropical sprue

    • Lack of conversion of serine to glycine

    Correct Answer
    A. Chilosis
    Explanation
    Remember folic acid is B9, macrocytic anemia

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  • 13. 

    How many ATP are yielded in the aerobic form of glycolysis?

    • 36

    • 32

    • 24

    • 2

    Correct Answer
    A. 36
    Explanation
    In the aerobic form of glycolysis, a total of 36 ATP molecules are yielded. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. Through a series of reactions, each molecule of glucose produces 2 molecules of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. In addition, the pyruvate molecules are further broken down in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which produce a total of 34 ATP molecules. Therefore, the overall ATP yield in the aerobic form of glycolysis is 36.

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  • 14. 

    GLuconeogenesis ____________ blood sugar; this process takes _________ ATP.

    • Lowers, 36

    • Lowers, 4

    • Raises, 6

    • Raises, 2

    Correct Answer
    A. Raises, 6
    Explanation
    key word is neogenisis and blood sugar

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following lower blood sugar levels?

    • Insulin

    • Cortisol

    • Glucagon

    • Flavin ring

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulin
    Explanation
    key phrase is lower blood sugar levels
    remember that insulin is used to aid in the storage of glycogen into our adipose tissue!!!

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  • 16. 

    Phosphorlation first occurs in step ______ of glycolysis?

    • 1

    • 4

    • 10

    • 8

    Correct Answer
    A. 1
    Explanation
    oxidative phosphorlation

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  • 17. 

    Which is the phosphate donor in steps 1 and 3

    • NAD

    • ATP

    • DNA

    • RNA

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP
    Explanation
    ATP is the correct answer because it is a high-energy molecule that can donate phosphate groups to other molecules. In step 1 and step 3 of certain biochemical reactions, phosphate groups are transferred to other molecules, and ATP is commonly used as the phosphate donor in these processes. NAD, DNA, and RNA do not have the ability to donate phosphate groups in the same way as ATP.

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  • 18. 

    Glucose 6-phosphate is convered to fructose 6-phosphate by the use of the enzyme __________________ in the process of _________________.

    • Phosphoglucoisomerase, oxidation

    • Enolase, oxidation

    • Phosphoglucoisomerase, glycolysis

    • Enolase, glycolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Phosphoglucoisomerase, glycolysis
    Explanation
    remember the krebs cycle is glycolysis and begins with ATP.

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  • 19. 

    __________________ is the enzyme used in the last step of glycolysis.

    • Enolase

    • Pyruvate kinase

    • Hexokinase

    • Aldolase

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvate kinase
    Explanation
    hexokinase is the 1st enzyme used!!!

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  • 20. 

    The aerobic form of glycolysis produces ________ molecules of ATP and the anaerobic form produces __________ molecules of ATP.

    • 2,2

    • 32, 5

    • 6, 24

    • 36, 2

    Correct Answer
    A. 36, 2
    Explanation
    with and without the use of oxygen!!!

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  • 21. 

    A total of 4 ADP molecules in steps 7 and 10 of glycolysis are converted to 4 _________ molecules.

    • CAMP

    • NADH

    • NAD

    • ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP
    Explanation
    glycolysis... creating energy!!!

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  • 22. 

    Two pryruvate molecules are formed in the process of glycolysis.  What enzyme is reponsible for the 10th step of this process?

    • Pyruvate kinase

    • Phosphoglycerate kinase

    • PFK-1

    • Hexokinase

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvate kinase
    Explanation
    In the process of glycolysis, two pyruvate molecules are formed. The enzyme responsible for the 10th step of this process is pyruvate kinase.

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  • 23. 

    In glycolysis, a ______ carbon molecule of glucose is split into _______ molecules of pyruvic acid

    • 5, 3

    • 10, 3

    • 3, 4

    • 6, 2

    Correct Answer
    A. 6, 2
    Explanation
    In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose is split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. This is the correct answer because during glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid through a series of enzymatic reactions. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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  • 24. 

    2-phosphosglycerate is convered to phosphoenolyphyruvate by the help of the enzyme ________ in this _______ stage of glycolysis.

    • Phosphoglycearate mutase, 5th

    • Enolase, 9th

    • Pyruvate kinase, 10th

    • Enolase, 6th

    Correct Answer
    A. Enolase, 9th
    Explanation
    In glycolysis, 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate. This conversion is facilitated by the enzyme enolase. This reaction occurs in the 9th stage of glycolysis.

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  • 25. 

    The breakdown of glycogen is called

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Glycolysis

    • Oxidation

    • Gluconeogenesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycogenolysis
    Explanation
    Glycogenolysis refers to the breakdown of glycogen. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in the body, primarily found in the liver and muscles. When the body needs glucose for energy, glycogenolysis is the process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose molecules. This glucose can then be used by the body for various metabolic processes, including providing energy to cells. Glycolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis are not correct answers as they refer to different metabolic processes unrelated to the breakdown of glycogen.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following will lower blood sugar levels?

    • Glycogenolysis

    • Gluconeogenesis

    • Glycolysis

    • Glucogenesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and does not require oxygen. By breaking down glucose, glycolysis helps to lower blood sugar levels by utilizing glucose for energy production. Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glucogenesis are all processes that actually raise blood sugar levels by producing or releasing glucose into the bloodstream.

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  • 27. 

    The coenzyme of pyridoxine is

    • Coenzyme A

    • Pridoxal phoshpate

    • THF

    • TPP

    Correct Answer
    A. Pridoxal phoshpate
    Explanation
    Vitamin B-6 is the generic name for the dietary precursors of the active coenzyme form PLP (the above answer)

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  • 28. 

    B9 is ______________ and its coenzyme is ________.

    • Biotin, biotin

    • Thiamin, thiamine prophosphate

    • Niacin, NADP

    • Folic aicd, tetrahydrofolate

    Correct Answer
    A. Folic aicd, tetrahydrofolate
    Explanation
    THF = tetrahydrofolate!!!

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  • 29. 

    Which vitamin can be made from tryptophan in the body?

    • Thiamine

    • Niacin

    • Riboflavin

    • Biotin

    Correct Answer
    A. Niacin
    Explanation
    remember niacin is B3: tryptophan -->niacin, requires B6 (3ATP at electron transport)

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following is not an antioxidant?

    • Selenium

    • Copper

    • Vitamin A

    • Vitamin E

    Correct Answer
    A. Copper
    Explanation
    Copper is not an antioxidant because it does not have the ability to neutralize free radicals or prevent oxidative damage in the body. Antioxidants are substances that help protect cells from the harmful effects of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to aging and diseases. Selenium, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E are all known antioxidants that play important roles in maintaining overall health and protecting against oxidative stress.

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  • 31. 

    All of the following is true regarding vitamin C in humans except:

    • It can be made from glucose

    • Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron

    • Helps in the making of collagen

    • Vitamin C is involved with hydroxlation reactions

    Correct Answer
    A. It can be made from glucose
    Explanation
    Vitamin C cannot be made from glucose in humans. Humans lack the enzyme required for the conversion of glucose into vitamin C, unlike most other animals. Therefore, humans must obtain vitamin C from dietary sources.

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  • 32. 

    Which vitamin B3 coenzyme is involved with fatty acid synthesis?

    • FMN

    • TPP

    • FAD

    • NADP

    Correct Answer
    A. NADP
    Explanation
    All of the following are coenzymes for Niacin, B3: NAD+, NADH, NADP, NADPH

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  • 33. 

    The active coenzymes of riboflavin are ______________ and ____________l

    • FMN, FAD

    • NAD, NADP

    • TPP, FAD

    • Coenzyme A, NAD

    Correct Answer
    A. FMN, FAD
    Explanation
    B2, key word is riboFLAvin!!!! Here are all of the coenzymes: FAD, FADH2, FMN

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  • 34. 

    Which vitamin contains the isoalloxazine ring system?

    • Thiamine

    • Niacin

    • Vitamin C

    • Riboflavin

    Correct Answer
    A. Riboflavin
    Explanation
    a yellow solid C10H6N4O2 that is the precursor of various flavins (as riboflavin)

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  • 35. 

    Pantothenic acid contains sulfur.   which other vitamin also contains sulfur?

    • Thiamine

    • Niacin

    • Riboflavin

    • Vitamin c

    Correct Answer
    A. Thiamine
    Explanation
    Thiamine is the correct answer because it is the only option among the given vitamins that contains sulfur. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. It contains a sulfur atom in its chemical structure, which is important for its biological function. Niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin C do not contain sulfur.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is not true of pyridoxine?

    • It is needed in protein metabolism

    • Deficiency will cause convlusions in infants

    • Pyridoxamine phosphate is its coenzyme

    • Deficiency will cause pernicious anemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Deficiency will cause pernicious anemia
    Explanation
    remember Pyridoxine is B6
    *sideroblastic anemia (iron-loaded erythroblast)... but has normal serum levels

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  • 37. 

    All of the following are essential amino acids except:

    • Valine

    • Phenylalanine

    • Lysine

    • Tyrosine

    Correct Answer
    A. Tyrosine
    Explanation
    Essential AA: Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Theronine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine

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  • 38. 

    All of the following have branched chains except:

    • Valine

    • Phenylalanine

    • Leucine

    • Isoleucine

    Correct Answer
    A. Phenylalanine
    Explanation
    Branched chain definition: is an amino acid having aliphatic (acyclic or cyclic, non-aromatic carbon compounds) side-chains with a branch (a carbon atom bound to more than two other carbon atoms).

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  • 39. 

    Which is not composed of collagen?

    • Hydroxylysine

    • Hydroxyproline

    • Ornithine

    • Glycine

    Correct Answer
    A. Ornithine
    Explanation
    Ornithine is not composed of collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in connective tissues, and it is made up of amino acids such as hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, and glycine. Ornithine, on the other hand, is an amino acid that is not involved in the formation of collagen. It plays a role in the urea cycle, which is responsible for removing ammonia from the body.

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  • 40. 

    Which is a non-essential amino acid?

    • Valine

    • Serine

    • Arginine

    • Histadine

    Correct Answer
    A. Serine
    Explanation
    Serine is a non-essential amino acid because it can be synthesized by the body from other amino acids. Non-essential amino acids are those that the body can produce on its own, so they do not need to be obtained from the diet. Valine, arginine, and histidine, on the other hand, are essential amino acids, meaning they must be obtained from the diet since the body cannot produce them.

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  • 41. 

    This vitamin helps in the formation of purines and when this vitamin is deficient it will cause megaloblastic anemia

    • Pyridoxine

    • Folic acid

    • Pantothenic acid

    • Thiamine

    Correct Answer
    A. Folic acid
    Explanation
    Folic acid is the correct answer because it plays a crucial role in the formation of purines, which are essential for the production of DNA and RNA. When there is a deficiency of folic acid, it can lead to megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by the production of abnormally large and immature red blood cells. Folic acid is important for proper cell division and growth, and its deficiency can result in impaired DNA synthesis and cell maturation, leading to the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia.

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  • 42. 

    Glucose and fructose will form

    • Cellobiose

    • Isomaltose

    • Sucrose

    • Maltose

    Correct Answer
    A. Sucrose
    Explanation
    Glucose and fructose will form sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. The two monosaccharides are joined together through a glycosidic bond, resulting in the formation of sucrose.

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  • 43. 

    The oxidation of gluose is referred to as

    • Glycolysis

    • Glycogenesis

    • Cellular respiration

    • Glycogenolysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellular respiration
    Explanation
    The oxidation of glucose refers to the process of breaking down glucose molecules to release energy in the form of ATP. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen and is known as cellular respiration. Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration, where glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is cellular respiration, as it encompasses the overall oxidation of glucose in cells.

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  • 44. 

    Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid?

    • Arachadonic

    • Linolenic

    • Linoleic

    • Phospholipid

    Correct Answer
    A. Phospholipid
    Explanation
    key: look at the answers given... the incorrect answer does not end in an "ic"

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  • 45. 

    Which makes up the majority of the plant starch we have in our diet?

    • Cellulose

    • Amylose

    • Amylopectin

    • Gycogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Amylopectin
    Explanation
    amylose and amylopectin both breakdown starch but amylopectin does the majority of the breakdown

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  • 46. 

    Amylopectin is in a __________

    • Alpha 1-4 linkage

    • Branched beta 1-4 linkage

    • Beta 1-6 linkage

    • Branched alpha 1-6 linkage

    Correct Answer
    A. Branched alpha 1-6 linkage
    Explanation
    amylose is an alpha 1-4 linkage

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  • 47. 

    Biotin in the vitamin and coenzyme form performs which kind of reaction?

    • Carboxylation

    • Hydroxylation

    • Oxidation

    • Decarboxylation

    Correct Answer
    A. Carboxylation
    Explanation
    add CO2... needed to make fats... anabolic reactions

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  • 48. 

    _____________ is not a mucopolysaccharide.

    • Cellobiose

    • Heparin

    • Hyaluronic acid

    • Chondrotin sulfate

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellobiose
    Explanation
    Heparan sulfate is the only important GAG in the CNS
    Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acide do not accumulate b/c the can also be degraded

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  • 49. 

    Insulin __________________.

    • Will raise blood sugar levels

    • Will lower blood sugar levels

    • Is a steroid hormone

    • Is made in the kidney

    Correct Answer
    A. Will lower blood sugar levels
    Explanation
    Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When insulin is released into the bloodstream, it helps to lower blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells, where it can be used for energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "will lower blood sugar levels."

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  • Mar 20, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jan 28, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Adachiro

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