Chapter One-River Valley Civilizations

1.

The people of Mesopotamia faced many challenges posed by the geography of their environs. List three problems they encountered based on the geography of the area and provide an explanation as to their attempts to better manage their environment

2.

Often in history you will hear the term "the west" or "the western world." How did that concept of "the western world" develop over time?

3.

The Sumerians (Mesopotamia) were polytheistic yet they did not see all gods and goddesses as equal. Describe their beliefs about their anthropomorphic gods.

4.

The Sumerians were a patriarchal society. Describe its organization in two or three sentences.

5.

Once they had firmly established themselves as a society, how did the Mesopotamians spread their culture to other areas?

6.

Hammurabi's Code of Law is a famous and far-reaching concept of law and order. It had two very distinct characteristics centered on the principles of social status/gender and having the punishment fit the crime. To demonstrate your understanding of the Code of Law, compare the punishments of an equal crime for each of the men listed below:1) Merchant and wealthy son of an office holder in Sumeria2) Field worker and laborer Each man is accused of murdering his neighbor in two different crimes. What could be the pushiment for each according to the Code of Law?

7.

The Neolithic Period of history is marked historically by

A.

A change in the way humans provided food for themselves
B.

A change in the way humans made and used tools
C.

The use of iron in their tools
D.

None of the above
E.

All of the above

Correct Answer
A. A change in the way humans provided food for themselves

Explanation
The correct answer is "a change in the way humans provided food for themselves." The Neolithic Period, also known as the New Stone Age, was characterized by the shift from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled agricultural lifestyle. During this period, humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to cultivating crops and domesticating animals for food. This change in food production had a significant impact on human society, leading to the development of permanent settlements, the establishment of social hierarchies, and the growth of population.

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8.

The Iceman discovered in 1991 was a major find from the ancient world. The mystery of this human have kept scientists busy since his discovery. It was originally believed he was lost in a massive storm of some sort and froze to death. What was recently discovered about him that altered that story?

A.

A bite mark was discovered on the bone of his leg
B.

An arrow head was discovered lodged in his shoulder
C.

A bullet hole was discovered in his skull

Correct Answer
B. An arrow head was discovered lodged in his shoulder

9.

Stonehenge is truly the remants of an early civilization believed to have been centered in

A.

Persia and its surroundings
B.

Ancient China and its surroundings
C.

Great Britain and its surroundings

Correct Answer
C. Great Britain and its surroundings

Explanation
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in Great Britain and is considered to be the remains of an early civilization. It is a famous site that consists of massive stone circles arranged in a specific pattern. The significance and purpose of Stonehenge are still debated, but it is believed to have been used for religious or ceremonial purposes. The fact that it is located in Great Britain and its surroundings supports the idea that it is indeed the remnants of an early civilization in that region.

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10.

One of the most famous "inventions" from the Mesopotamian culture was a form of sanscrit known as

A.

Writing
B.

Cuneiform
C.

Farsi

Correct Answer
B. Cuneiform

Explanation
Cuneiform is the correct answer because it refers to the form of writing developed by the Mesopotamians. This writing system was created by pressing a stylus into clay tablets to create wedge-shaped marks, representing various sounds and ideas. It was widely used in ancient Mesopotamia and is considered one of the earliest forms of written communication in human history. Farsi and Sanskrit are unrelated to the Mesopotamian culture and do not correspond to the given description.

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11.

Hammurabi's most famous accomplishment was his

A.

Mighty military strength
B.

Patriarchal society
C.

Code of Law

Correct Answer
C. Code of Law

Explanation
Hammurabi's most famous accomplishment was his Code of Law. This code, also known as Hammurabi's Code, was a set of laws that established the principles of justice and punishment in ancient Babylon. It consisted of 282 laws that covered various aspects of daily life, including marriage, property rights, trade, and crime. The code aimed to ensure fairness and order in society by providing guidelines for behavior and consequences for wrongdoing. Hammurabi's Code is considered one of the earliest known legal systems and had a significant influence on subsequent legal codes in the ancient world.

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12.

Population density refers to

A.

A ratio of the population relative to a given geographic area
B.

How "dense" or "unintelligent" a group of people may be

Correct Answer
A. A ratio of the population relative to a given geographic area

Explanation
Population density refers to the measurement of how many people live in a specific area, relative to the size of that area. It is calculated by dividing the total population of a region by its land area. This ratio provides an understanding of how crowded or sparse a particular location is in terms of population. It is a useful indicator for studying the distribution and concentration of people in different regions, and can provide insights into various social, economic, and environmental factors.

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13.

The marker in history that determines the move from Paleolithic/Mesolithic Periods to the Neolithic period was

A.

The advent of intentional planting
B.

The use of metals in tool making
C.

The establishment of governing bodies in tribes

Correct Answer
A. The advent of intentional planting

Explanation
The correct answer is the advent of intentional planting. This marker signifies the transition from the Paleolithic/Mesolithic Periods to the Neolithic period because it represents a significant shift in human behavior and lifestyle. Intentional planting indicates the development of agriculture and the domestication of plants, which led to a more settled and sedentary way of life. This transition also brought about changes in social organization, as people began to live in permanent settlements and form agricultural communities. The use of metals in tool making and the establishment of governing bodies in tribes are not directly related to the shift from the Paleolithic/Mesolithic Periods to the Neolithic period.

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Chapter One-river Valley Civilizations

The people of Mesopotamia faced many challenges posed by the geography of their environs. List three problems they encountered based on the geography of the area and provide an explanation as to their attempts to better manage their environment

Often in history you will hear the term "the west" or "the western world." How did that concept of "the western world" develop over time?

The Sumerians (Mesopotamia) were polytheistic yet they did not see all gods and goddesses as equal. Describe their beliefs about their anthropomorphic gods.

The Sumerians were a patriarchal society. Describe its organization in two or three sentences.

Once they had firmly established themselves as a society, how did the Mesopotamians spread their culture to other areas?

The Neolithic Period of history is marked historically by

The Iceman discovered in 1991 was a major find from the ancient world. The mystery of this human have kept scientists busy since his discovery. It was originally believed he was lost in a massive storm of some sort and froze to death. What was recently discovered about him that altered that story?

Stonehenge is truly the remants of an early civilization believed to have been centered in

One of the most famous "inventions" from the Mesopotamian culture was a form of sanscrit known as

Hammurabi's most famous accomplishment was his

Population density refers to

The marker in history that determines the move from Paleolithic/Mesolithic Periods to the Neolithic period was