Chapter 9 Urban China

The correct answer is "Temporary migrants from rural to urban areas." Floating population in China refers to individuals who leave their rural homes and migrate to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities. These individuals do not have permanent residence in the urban areas and often live in temporary housing. They are considered temporary migrants as they may return to their rural homes after a certain period. This phenomenon is common in China due to the significant rural-urban divide and the availability of more job opportunities in urban areas.

China's first city originated next to the Yellow River in Northern China. The Yellow River, also known as the Huang He, is one of the major rivers in China and has played a significant role in the country's history and development. Its fertile plains and abundant water supply made it an ideal location for early settlements and the birth of civilization in China. The Yellow River basin is often referred to as the cradle of Chinese civilization, and it is where the first cities in China emerged.

The Treaty Ports started in China after the Opium War in 1840. This war was fought between China and Britain, and it resulted in China's defeat. As a result of the war, China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, which opened up several ports to foreign trade. These ports, known as Treaty Ports, allowed foreign powers to establish a presence and conduct trade in China. This marked a significant turning point in China's history and led to increased foreign influence in the country.

During the period of Socialist China between 1949 and 1976, the CCP aimed to transform Chinese cities from consumer cities to producer cities. This means that the focus was on shifting the emphasis from consuming goods to producing goods. This was likely done to prioritize industrialization and economic growth, as well as to strengthen the country's self-sufficiency and reduce reliance on imports. By transforming cities into centers of production, the CCP aimed to stimulate economic development and increase productivity within China.

The correct answer is "was relatively homogenous." This means that under socialist China before reforms, China's cities had a relatively uniform or similar internal structure. This suggests that there was less variation or diversity in terms of the layout, organization, and composition of the cities, indicating a certain level of uniformity or similarity across different urban areas in China during that time.

Under-urbanization refers to slow urbanization accompanied with fast industrialization. This means that while industrialization is happening rapidly, the growth and development of urban areas is happening at a slower pace. This can lead to various issues such as inadequate infrastructure, overcrowding, and unequal distribution of resources. It indicates a mismatch between the pace of industrialization and the ability of urban areas to absorb and accommodate the resulting population and economic growth.

According to the recent census in 2010, approximately 50% of the Chinese population live in cities.

The Shang Dynasty is known for being the first dynasty in China to have urban centers. They established their capital city in Anyang, which was a major urban center during that time. The Shang Dynasty is also recognized for its advancements in bronze casting, oracle bone script, and the use of chariots in warfare. Therefore, the Shang Dynasty is the most appropriate answer for the question.

Before reforms, China's official policies on urban development aimed to strictly control the growth of big cities. This means that the government had measures in place to limit the expansion and development of large cities. This policy was likely implemented to prevent overcrowding, manage resources, and maintain a more balanced distribution of population and economic activity across the country. By controlling the growth of big cities, the government could also focus on promoting the development of smaller and medium-sized cities, ensuring a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Before reforms, China's official policies on middle-size cities focused on moderately developing these cities. This means that the government aimed to promote growth and development in these cities, but not to an extreme or excessive extent. The policies aimed to strike a balance between promoting economic development and maintaining control over urban expansion. This approach allowed for controlled and sustainable growth in middle-size cities, ensuring that they could contribute to the overall development of the country without overwhelming resources or causing social and environmental issues.

The correct answer is Southern China because it is the region where the Four Special Economic Zones are located. These zones were established by the Chinese government in the late 1970s and early 1980s to attract foreign investment and promote economic development. The four zones are Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, and Xiamen, all of which are located in Southern China. These zones have been successful in attracting foreign investment, promoting exports, and driving economic growth in the region.

Before 1949, the correct statement about population movement between urban and rural China was that people could move freely. This means that individuals were not restricted in their ability to relocate between urban and rural areas without any specific requirements or limitations such as obtaining a Hukou.

The correct answer is "in the late 1950s by the CCP." The Hukou system in China was implemented by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the late 1950s. This system is a household registration system that determines a person's official residency and grants them access to social services and benefits. It was used as a means of controlling population movement and enforcing social and economic policies during that time.

Before reforms, housing was allocated according to a set of nonmonetary criteria such as marital status, family size, seniority, and job rank. This means that the allocation of housing was based on the rank or position of an individual's job, rather than factors like intelligence (IQ), ethnicity, or athleticism.

The average urban housing per person in current China is about 30 sq. m. This means that on average, each person in urban areas in China has around 30 square meters of living space.

Over-urbanization refers to fast urbanization accompanied by relatively slower industrialization. This means that the process of urbanization is happening rapidly, with cities growing and expanding at a fast pace. However, the development of industries and the establishment of industrial infrastructure is not keeping up with the speed of urbanization. This can lead to various issues such as overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal distribution of resources within urban areas.

Large industrial cities first began to appear in China during the occupations of China by Russia and Japan in the early 20th century. This period saw the introduction of modern industrialization and urbanization in China, with the establishment of factories, railways, and other infrastructure. The occupations by Russia and Japan brought significant changes to China's economic and political landscape, leading to the emergence of large industrial cities as centers of manufacturing and trade.

Before reforms, China's official policies on small cities and towns were focused on active promotion. This means that the government actively encouraged and supported the development and growth of small cities and towns. This could include providing incentives for businesses to establish themselves in these areas, investing in infrastructure and public services, and implementing policies to attract residents and stimulate economic activity. This approach aimed to decentralize development and alleviate the pressure on larger cities, promoting balanced regional growth and improving the overall quality of life in smaller urban areas.

De-urbanization refers to the declining level of urbanization and people moving from urban to rural areas. This means that there is a decrease in the proportion of the population living in urban areas and an increase in the number of people relocating from cities to rural regions. This trend could be influenced by various factors such as economic opportunities, lifestyle preferences, and the desire for a slower pace of life.

After the reforms in urban China, the housing system has undergone a gradual privatization process. This means that the state ownership of housing has been reduced over time, allowing individuals to have more control and ownership over their own properties. The other options, such as remaining under state ownership or strict collective ownership, are not applicable as they do not accurately describe the changes that have occurred in the housing system in urban China.