Chapter 5; Section 1 Pp.202-211ah

The destruction of the buffalo had a significant impact on tribal life on the plains. The buffalo was a vital resource for Native American tribes, providing them with food, clothing, and materials for shelter and tools. The mass slaughter of buffalo by settlers and the US government in the late 19th century led to the near extinction of the species and disrupted the traditional way of life for many tribes. This loss of their main food source and cultural symbol had devastating effects on the tribes' ability to sustain themselves and maintain their cultural practices.

The Dawes Act was a policy implemented by the United States government in the late 19th century with the goal of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society. The act aimed to achieve this by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments for Native American families, with the hope that this would encourage them to adopt a sedentary, agrarian lifestyle and become self-sufficient farmers. The act was part of a larger effort to "Americanize" Native Americans and undermine their traditional way of life.

The boomtown mentioned in the question refers to a town that experienced rapid economic growth and population increase. The correct answer, "gold discovered in Colorado," explains one of the events that contributed to the boomtown phenomenon. The discovery of gold in Colorado would have attracted a large number of people to the area in search of wealth and opportunities, leading to the establishment and development of a boomtown.

The Ghost Dance was a ritual that aimed to restore the Native American way of life. It was a religious movement that emerged in the late 19th century among various Native American tribes. The dance was believed to bring about the return of the buffalo herds, the revitalization of the Native American culture, and the removal of the white settlers from their lands. The Ghost Dance was seen as a way to resist assimilation and regain their traditional way of life.

George Custer's bad judgment in attacking the Sioux and Cheyenne at The Little Bighorn resulted in his death and that of the 7th Cavalry.

The Sand Creek Massacre refers to an incident where the peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were unexpectedly attacked by the US Army. This resulted in the death of over 150 inhabitants, with the majority being women and children.

In the 1800s, land ownership was not central to the life and culture of the Plains Indians. The Plains Indians were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied heavily on the horse and the buffalo for their survival. They lived in extended family units and had a communal approach to land, with no concept of individual ownership. Land was seen as a shared resource that was used by the entire community for hunting, gathering, and other activities. Therefore, land ownership was not a significant aspect of their culture during this time period.

The Chisholm Trail was the major cattle route from San Antonio, Texas, through Oklahoma to Kansas. It was named after Jesse Chisholm, a trader and guide known for establishing trading posts along the trail. The trail provided a direct path for Texas ranchers to transport their cattle to the railheads in Kansas, where they could be shipped to eastern markets. It played a significant role in the development of the American cattle industry during the late 19th century.

Sitting Bull was not the chief of the Arapaho tribe. He was a chief of the Lakota Sioux tribe. The other statements are true - he did tour with Buffalo Bill's wild West Show, he did help to defeat the U.S. Army at Little Bighorn, and he did encourage the Ghost Dance movement.

The introduction of horses significantly extended the hunting area of Native Americans. With horses, they were able to cover larger distances and hunt more efficiently. However, this also led to clashes with neighboring tribes as they competed for the same resources and hunting grounds. The increased mobility and access to new territories created tensions and conflicts between different Native American groups.

The end of the long drive and cattle frontier was not caused by stampedes. While stampedes were certainly a risk and a danger during the cattle drives, they were not the main factor that led to the end of the frontier. The introduction of barbed wire, which allowed for the fencing off of land, played a significant role in ending the open range. Overgrazing, caused by the large number of cattle on the frontier, also contributed to its demise. Additionally, bad weather, such as droughts and harsh winters, made it difficult for ranchers to sustain their operations.

Fetterman's Massacre was a significant battle that took place during the Red Cloud's War in 1866. The battle resulted in the closing of the Bozeman Trail, a crucial route for settlers and miners, due to the increased hostility of Native American tribes. The Native American victory at Fetterman's Massacre also led to negotiations and the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, which aimed to bring peace between the U.S. government and the Plains Indian tribes. This treaty further restricted white settlement and protected Native American lands, marking a turning point in the relationship between the U.S. government and Native American tribes.

The word "saddle" is not influenced by the Mexican vocabulary. It originated from the Old English word "sadol" and has been used in the English language for centuries to refer to the seat placed on a horse's back for riding. On the other hand, "buckeroo" and "mustangs" have Spanish origins, while "rodeo" is derived from the Spanish word "rodear." Therefore, "saddle" is the only word in the given options that is not influenced by Mexican vocabulary.