Chapter 4 Quiz 1 (2nd Secondary Biology)

Reviewed by Editorial Team
The ProProfs editorial team is comprised of experienced subject matter experts. They've collectively created over 10,000 quizzes and lessons, serving over 100 million users. Our team includes in-house content moderators and subject matter experts, as well as a global network of rigorously trained contributors. All adhere to our comprehensive editorial guidelines, ensuring the delivery of high-quality content.
Learn about Our Editorial Process
| By Samy
S
Samy
Community Contributor
Quizzes Created: 13 | Total Attempts: 3,362
| Attempts: 211 | Questions: 171
Please wait...
Question 1 / 171
0 %
0/100
Score 0/100
1. Which of the following skin structures extend through both the dermis and epidermis?

Explanation

Hair and sweat glands are the only skin structures that extend through both the dermis and epidermis. Hair follicles are located in the dermis and extend up through the epidermis, while sweat glands are also located in the dermis and have ducts that extend through the epidermis to release sweat onto the skin's surface. The other options, such as blood vessels, sebaceous glands, and sensory nerve endings, are located within the dermis but do not extend through the epidermis.

Submit
Please wait...
About This Quiz
Chapter 4 Quiz 1 (2nd Secondary Biology) - Quiz

This quiz from Chapter 4 of 2nd Secondary Biology focuses on the human excretory system. It assesses knowledge on the importance of excretion, pathways for excreting substances like... see moreurea and ethanol, and the role of skin structures. It's designed to enhance understanding of bodily waste removal processes. see less

2. The main nitrogen-containing waste excreted in urine is ……

Explanation

Urea is the correct answer because it is the main nitrogen-containing waste excreted in urine. It is produced in the liver from the breakdown of proteins and amino acids, and then transported to the kidneys for excretion. Urea is a relatively non-toxic compound that can be safely eliminated from the body through urine. Ammonia is also a waste product of protein metabolism, but it is converted to urea in the liver before being excreted. Creatine phosphate is not a waste product, but rather an energy storage molecule in muscle cells. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and are not typically excreted in urine.

Submit
3. The uric acid is produced during the breakdown of ……..

Explanation

Uric acid is produced during the breakdown of nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and when they are broken down, one of the byproducts is uric acid. Lipids and carbohydrates do not directly contribute to the production of uric acid.

Submit
4. The poisonous soluble materials are transformed into non-soluble ones by the ….

Explanation

The liver is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body, including poisonous soluble materials. It does this by converting these substances into non-soluble forms that can be safely eliminated from the body. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and protecting it from the harmful effects of toxins.

Submit
5. The functional excretory unit in human's skin is the …..

Explanation

The functional excretory unit in human's skin is the sweat gland. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and excreting sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and remove waste products from the body. Hair follicles are not directly involved in excretion, but they do play a role in hair growth. Sweat pores are the openings through which sweat is released onto the skin surface. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.

Submit
6. Which blood vessel contains the least amount of urea?

Explanation

The renal vein contains the least amount of urea because it carries deoxygenated blood from the kidneys back to the heart. Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, so the renal vein would have a lower concentration of urea compared to the other blood vessels listed. The hepatic vein carries blood from the liver, which is responsible for processing and detoxifying substances, including urea. The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, where urea is produced. The renal artery carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

Submit
7. In which of the following are the largest amounts of nitrogen excreted from a mammalian body?

Explanation

Urine is the correct answer because it is the primary way in which nitrogenous waste is excreted from the mammalian body. Nitrogen is mainly excreted in the form of urea, which is produced in the liver and transported to the kidneys to be eliminated through urine. While small amounts of nitrogen can also be excreted through sweat and feces, the largest amount is excreted through urine. Breath does not play a significant role in nitrogen excretion.

Submit
8. Place the following events in sequence ….. A) Fluid passes through the ureters B) Reabsorption in renal tubules C) Filtration in Bowman's capsule D) Urine enters the urethra

Explanation

First, filtration occurs in Bowman's capsule, where waste products and excess water are filtered out of the blood. Then, reabsorption takes place in the renal tubules, where useful substances such as glucose and ions are reabsorbed back into the blood. After that, fluid passes through the ureters, which are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Finally, urine enters the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine out of the body. Therefore, the correct sequence is C, B, A, D.

Submit
9. The figure below represents a section in an important organ in the human's body. What are the structure (1), (2), (3) and (4) respectively?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
10. Which of the following structures transport/s glucose in a healthy person?

Explanation

A and B are the correct answers because both structure A and structure B are known to transport glucose in a healthy person.

Submit
11. Kidneys are thin and long in …..

Explanation

Frogs have thin and long kidneys, which help them in filtering waste products from their blood and producing urine. This is because frogs are amphibians and live both in water and on land, so they need efficient kidneys to maintain their water balance. In contrast, rabbits, elephants, and horses have kidneys that are not specifically adapted for aquatic environments and may have different shapes and sizes.

Submit
12. The loop of Henle is present inside the ….. of the kidney

Explanation

The loop of Henle is present inside the medulla of the kidney. The medulla is the innermost region of the kidney, located between the renal cortex and the renal pelvis. It is responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes from the filtrate, helping to concentrate the urine. The loop of Henle is a crucial part of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and plays a vital role in maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance.

Submit
13. The best long term solution for kidney failure is.......

Explanation

The best long term solution for kidney failure is a kidney transplant. Kidney dialysis can help temporarily filter waste from the blood, but it is not a permanent solution. A kidney transplant, on the other hand, involves replacing the failed kidney with a healthy one from a donor, providing a long-term solution to kidney failure. Blood transfusion, while it may be necessary in some cases, does not address the underlying issue of kidney failure. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Kidney transplant.

Submit
14. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized ……

Explanation

The correct answer is "In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys." This is because the liver is responsible for synthesizing urea, the principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans. However, urea is eliminated from the body mostly through the kidneys, which filter it out of the blood and excrete it in urine. While a small amount of urea may also be eliminated through the liver via bile, the majority is eliminated through the kidneys.

Submit
15. A person who has control of urination can consciously and voluntarily decide whether to release the urine from the bladder or to hold it for a while. When the decision is made to urinate, the ........

Explanation

When a person decides to urinate, the sphincter muscle, which is responsible for controlling the release of urine from the bladder, relaxes. This allows the urine to flow out of the bladder and through the urethra. The relaxation of the sphincter muscle is a voluntary action that occurs when the person consciously decides to empty their bladder.

Submit
16. Blood being pumped to the kidneys and then filtered by nephrons is an example of two systems working together, ........

Explanation

Blood being pumped to the kidneys and then filtered by nephrons is an example of the excretory and circulatory systems working together. The circulatory system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, including to the kidneys. The excretory system, specifically the kidneys, filters waste products from the blood and produces urine. Therefore, the two systems are working in conjunction to remove waste from the body.

Submit
17. Damaging the nerve ending in a finger leads to ...…

Explanation

When the nerve endings in a finger are damaged, it can result in various impairments. The loss of sensation caused by nerve damage can lead to an inability to feel cold when touching objects like ice. Additionally, the weakened nerve signals can affect the finger's ability to grip and pick things up, resulting in an inability to perform fine motor tasks. Therefore, all of the given options, including not feeling cold, inability to pick things up, and finger weakness, are consequences of damaging the nerve endings in a finger.

Submit
18. The average volume of blood passes through the kidney per minute is about …..

Explanation

The correct answer is 1.2L because the average volume of blood that passes through the kidney per minute is approximately 1.2 liters. This is an important function of the kidney as it helps filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood, maintaining the body's overall fluid balance.

Submit
19. The function of each of the structures (6) and (2) depend on the presence of the structure …….

Explanation

The function of structure (6) and (2) depend on the presence of structure 8.

Submit
20. The urinary excretion increases by the following substance having a diuretic action....

Explanation

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins. It is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Urea has a diuretic action, meaning it promotes the production of urine and increases urinary excretion. This is because urea acts as an osmotic diuretic, meaning it increases the osmotic pressure in the renal tubules, leading to increased water reabsorption and urine production. Therefore, the urinary excretion increases when urea is present, making it the correct answer.

Submit
21. If circle (A) represents the liver, circle (B) represents the kidney while circle (C) represents the skin, then what are the excretory substances represented by (X) and (Y) respectively?

Explanation

Circle (A) represents the liver, which is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body. Therefore, (X) is most likely representing toxic substances. Circle (B) represents the kidney, which filters waste products from the blood, including nitrogenous wastes. Therefore, (Y) is most likely representing nitrogenous wastes.

Submit
22. Which of the following is a toxic chemical group has to be removed from food substances and converted into nitrogenous wastes?

Explanation

The amino group is a toxic chemical group that needs to be removed from food substances and converted into nitrogenous wastes. This is because the amino group contains nitrogen, which can be toxic to the body if it accumulates. The body converts the amino group into urea, a nitrogenous waste product, which is then excreted through urine.

Submit
23. In hot weather the skin blood vessels …..

Explanation

In hot weather, the body tries to cool down by increasing blood flow to the skin. This is done by widening the skin blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow near the surface of the skin. This increased blood flow helps to dissipate heat from the body to the environment, allowing for better cooling. Therefore, the correct answer is "Become wider."

Submit
24. The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called _______.

Explanation

The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids. These pyramids are responsible for the production of urine and play a crucial role in the filtration and concentration of waste products in the kidneys. They are located in the inner region of the kidney, surrounded by the renal cortex. The renal pelvis, on the other hand, is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the pyramids and transports it to the ureter. The adipose capsule is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the kidneys.

Submit
25. The figure below represents the functional unit of the kidney. What are structures (1), (2), (3) and 4 respectively?

Explanation

The figure represents the functional unit of the kidney, which is the nephron. Structure (1) is the Bowman's capsule, structure (2) is the glomerulus (a network of blood capillaries), structure (3) is the renal artery, and structure (4) is the loop of Henle. Therefore, the correct answer is "Blood capillaries / Bowman's capsule / renal artery / loop of Henley."

Submit
26. If the Human body contains five liters of blood and 1.25 liters of them passes through the kidneys per minute, so how many times should the total volume of blood passes through the kidneys in two hours?

Explanation

In two hours, there are 120 minutes. If 1.25 liters of blood passes through the kidneys per minute, then in 120 minutes, 1.25 x 120 = 150 liters of blood will pass through the kidneys. Since the human body contains five liters of blood, the total volume of blood passing through the kidneys in two hours will be 150/5 = 30 times.

Submit
27. Loss of large number of nephrons, may lead to ……..

Explanation

Loss of a large number of nephrons can lead to renal failure. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. When a significant number of nephrons are lost, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, resulting in renal failure. This can lead to a decrease in urine production, accumulation of waste products in the blood, and disruption of various bodily functions.

Submit
28. The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, is examined by the kidneys every …… minute(s).

Explanation

The kidneys examine the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute every 4 minutes.

Submit
29. In relative to the structure (A), the structure (B) contains ......

Explanation

The given answer suggests that structure (B) has a lower concentration of urea compared to structure (A). This implies that structure (A) has a higher concentration of urea. The information provided does not mention anything about the concentration of protein in either structure, so we cannot make any conclusions about it.

Submit
30. If the concentration of glucose in the renal artery is 90 mg/100 ml of fluid, then what is the glucose concentration in each of the glomerular filtrate (GF), the urine and the renal vein (RV)?

Explanation

The glomerular filtrate (GF) is the fluid that is filtered from the renal artery into the renal tubules. Since the concentration of glucose in the renal artery is 90 mg/100 ml, the glucose concentration in the GF would also be 90 mg/100 ml. The urine does not contain any glucose, so the glucose concentration in the urine would be zero. The renal vein (RV) carries blood away from the kidneys, so the glucose concentration in the RV would be the same as in the renal artery, which is 90 mg/100 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is GF 90 / urine zero / RV 90.

Submit
31. The liver (one of the excretory organs) breaks down the excess of……. forming ……..

Explanation

The liver is responsible for breaking down excess proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are then further metabolized in the liver to form urea, which is a waste product that is excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is amino acids, urea.

Submit
32. Which vessel carries blood to the kidneys?

Explanation

The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the blood, so it is necessary for blood to be transported to the kidneys for this process to occur. The renal artery branches off from the abdominal aorta and delivers oxygenated blood to the kidneys. Once the blood has been filtered, it is then carried away from the kidneys by the renal vein. In this question, the correct answer is the renal artery because it specifically asks which vessel carries blood to the kidneys.

Submit
33. Which of the following excretory substances is/are eliminated only from one excretory organ?

Explanation

Carbon dioxide is eliminated only from the lungs through the process of respiration. It is produced as a waste product during cellular respiration and is transported to the lungs where it is exhaled. Other excretory substances such as mineral salts and urea are eliminated from multiple excretory organs in the body. Mineral salts are eliminated through the kidneys, sweat glands, and digestive system, while urea is eliminated primarily through the kidneys. Spices are not excretory substances.

Submit
34. The softness of the structure (2) depends on the structure …… while the structure …….. causes it to stand erect.

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
35. Red or pink urine is due to the presence of ……

Explanation

Red or pink urine is due to the presence of blood cells. This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain medications. When blood cells are present in the urine, it can indicate an underlying medical condition that should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice red or pink urine, as it can be a sign of a more serious issue.

Submit
36. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Explanation

During urination, the urinary bladder contracts to expel urine, while the sphincter muscle relaxes to allow the urine to flow out. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect as it states that both the urinary bladder and the sphincter muscle contract during urination.

Submit
37. The artificial kidney contains a fluid which is almost the same as plasma except that it has ……

Explanation

The artificial kidney is designed to perform the functions of a natural kidney, which includes filtering waste products from the blood. Urea and metabolic wastes are the byproducts of metabolism that need to be removed from the body. Therefore, the artificial kidney contains a fluid that is similar to plasma but does not contain urea and metabolic wastes, allowing it to effectively filter these substances from the blood.

Submit
38. Each kidney contains about ……… uriniferous tubules.(The uriniferous tubule is the first coiled tubule together with the loop of Henle and the second coiled tubule)

Explanation

Each kidney contains about 1,000,000 uriniferous tubules. The uriniferous tubules consist of the first coiled tubule, the loop of Henle, and the second coiled tubule. These tubules are responsible for the filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes that occur in the kidneys, allowing for the formation of urine. The large number of tubules in each kidney highlights the efficiency and capacity of the kidneys to filter and process waste products from the blood.

Submit
39. Which graph represents the approximate proper concentration of red blood cells in each of the following structures: Renal artery (Ra), Glomerular filtrate (Gl), Renal vein (Rv) and Urine (Ur)?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
40. Which of the following describes importance of excretion? It is the removal of.......

Explanation

Excretion is the process of eliminating waste materials, toxic substances, and excess substances from organisms. This is important for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of harmful substances in the body. By removing toxic materials, waste products of metabolism, and excess substances, excretion helps to ensure the proper functioning of cells and organs. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of them."

Submit
41. What happens if a sudden change in the surrounding temperature takes place from warm to cold?

Explanation

When there is a sudden change in temperature from warm to cold, the activity of the structure decreases. This is because the sudden temperature change causes the structure to contract or tighten up, reducing its overall activity level.

Submit
42. When the body temperature rises above normal, .....

Explanation

When the body temperature rises above normal, blood flow to the skin increases. This is because the body needs to dissipate heat and cool down. Increasing blood flow to the skin helps in transferring heat from the core of the body to the skin surface, where it can be released into the environment through sweating and radiation. This process is known as vasodilation, where the blood vessels in the skin dilate to allow more blood to flow through them, increasing heat loss and promoting cooling of the body.

Submit
43. Which of the following graphs show the relationship between the rate of sweating (Y) and the atmospheric temperature (X) in degrees Celsius for a person at rest?

Explanation

Graph C shows the relationship between the rate of sweating and the atmospheric temperature for a person at rest. As the atmospheric temperature increases, the rate of sweating also increases. This suggests that sweating is the body's way of regulating body temperature and cooling down when the environment becomes warmer.

Submit
44. The urine in Human consists mainly of …….

Explanation

The given options do not accurately represent the main components of urine in humans. In reality, urine primarily consists of water, urea, electrolytes, and other waste products. None of the options provided in the question correctly identify these main components, hence the correct answer is that there is no correct answer given.

Submit
45. The amount of blood pumped by the heart per day is about …..

Explanation

The correct answer is 6400L because the average adult heart pumps about 5 liters of blood per minute. In a day, there are 24 hours, which is equal to 1440 minutes. Therefore, the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per day is 5 liters/minute x 1440 minutes/day = 7200 liters/day.

Submit
46. Of the total blood volume, ……. Liters of plasma are examined by the kidney hundreds of times per day.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3 because the kidney examines approximately 3 liters of plasma per day.

Submit
47. What will happen if there is no tubular reabsorption in the nephrons of kidney?

Explanation

If there is no tubular reabsorption in the nephrons of the kidney, the useful materials that were filtered out of the blood would not be reabsorbed back into the capillaries. Instead, they would be eliminated from the body through urine. This would result in the loss of important substances that the body needs for various processes.

Submit
48. What makes up the shaft of a hair?

Explanation

The shaft of a hair is made up of dead epidermal cells. The shaft is the visible part of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, and it is composed of multiple layers of cells. As new cells are produced in the hair follicle, they push older cells up to the surface, where they eventually die and become part of the hair shaft. These dead epidermal cells are responsible for giving the hair its strength and structure.

Submit
49. About 80% of kidney stones can pass out through urinary system by drinking …...

Explanation

Kidney stones are formed when there is a buildup of certain substances in the urine. Drinking water helps to dilute the urine and increase urine production, which can help to flush out the kidney stones. Water is also important for maintaining overall hydration, which can prevent the formation of kidney stones in the first place. Juice, sugar drinks, and milk do not have the same hydrating effect as water and may not provide the same benefits for passing kidney stones.

Submit
50. The skin loses its natural colour in the absence of ….

Explanation

The skin gets its natural color from a pigment called melanin, which is produced by melanocytes. These melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, which is the innermost layer of the skin. Therefore, if the epithelial cells found at the base of the inner layer of the epidermis are affected or damaged, it can lead to a loss of natural color in the skin.

Submit
51. Concentrated urine results when ….

Explanation

When the fluid intake is low, the body tries to conserve water by producing concentrated urine. This is because the kidneys reabsorb more water from the tubular fluid, resulting in less water being excreted in the urine. As a result, the urine becomes more concentrated with waste products and less diluted with water.

Submit
52. If fibrosis of the human kidney occurs and a great number of nephrons do not work, this leads to …….

Explanation

If fibrosis of the human kidney occurs and a great number of nephrons do not work, this leads to an increase in the percentage of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product that is normally filtered out by the kidneys and excreted in urine. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to effectively remove urea from the blood, causing its concentration to increase. This can lead to a condition called uremia, which is characterized by high levels of urea in the blood.

Submit
53. The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances (X), (Y) and (Z) during their passage along different parts of the nephron. What are (X), (Y) and (Z) respectively?

Explanation

Based on the information provided in the table, the substances (X), (Y), and (Z) are arranged in the order of increasing concentration as glucose, protein, and urea.

Submit
54. The circles shown below represent different excretory organs, where each two organs share a common excretory product. What do the circles (1), (2), (3) and (4) represent respectively?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
55. Bowman's capsule and Convoluted tubules always lie within the ___

Explanation

Bowman's capsule and convoluted tubules always lie within the renal cortex. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney, which contains the glomeruli (where filtration occurs) and the convoluted tubules (where reabsorption and secretion occur). The renal pelvis is the innermost part of the kidney, where urine collects before it is transported to the bladder. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, which contains the renal pyramids and the loop of Henle. Therefore, the correct answer is renal cortex.

Submit
56. One of the following materials leaves the body through a plasma membrane …..

Explanation

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins. It is then transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is filtered out of the blood and excreted in urine. The plasma membrane of the kidney cells allows urea to pass through and be eliminated from the body. Fibers, cellulose, and nitrogen are not waste products and do not leave the body through the plasma membrane.

Submit
57. The _____ acts as an insulator for the body?

Explanation

The hypodermis acts as an insulator for the body because it is the innermost layer of the skin and contains adipose tissue, which helps to regulate body temperature by providing insulation. Additionally, the hypodermis also helps to cushion and protect the underlying structures of the body.

Submit
58. Hemodialysis (artificial kidney) rids your body of harmful wastes. What else does hemodialysis remove?

Explanation

Hemodialysis is a process that uses an artificial kidney to remove harmful wastes from the body. In addition to removing wastes, it also helps remove extra salt and extra water from the body. This is important because individuals with kidney failure often have difficulty regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. By removing excess salt and water, hemodialysis helps to maintain a healthier fluid balance in the body.

Submit
59. Immuno-suppressant drugs are taken ______.

Explanation

Immuno-suppressant drugs are taken with a kidney transplant because after a kidney transplant, the body's immune system may recognize the new kidney as a foreign object and try to attack it. Immuno-suppressant drugs help to suppress the immune system and prevent it from rejecting the transplanted kidney. These drugs are necessary to ensure the success and long-term survival of the transplanted organ.

Submit
60. The kidneys receive about ….. % of the cardiac output daily.

Explanation

The kidneys receive about 25% of the cardiac output daily. This means that approximately one-quarter of the blood pumped by the heart is directed to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and removing waste products from the blood. This high percentage of cardiac output to the kidneys highlights their importance in maintaining overall body homeostasis.

Submit
61. Which of the following is not true about collecting ducts?

Explanation

The correct answer is that only one nephron drains into the collecting duct. This is not true because multiple nephrons drain into a single collecting duct. The collecting ducts are responsible for collecting urine from multiple nephrons and transporting it towards the renal pelvis.

Submit
62. What happens when kidneys stop filtering?

Explanation

When kidneys stop filtering, waste products are not removed from the blood, resulting in waste products staying in the blood. Additionally, excess fluid in the body accumulates in the blood because the kidneys are not able to remove it through urine production. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Submit
63. The liquid which collects in Bowman's capsule is _____

Explanation

The liquid that collects in Bowman's capsule is the filtrate from the blood. This filtrate is formed by the process of ultrafiltration in the glomerulus, where small molecules such as water, ions, glucose, amino acids, and waste products like urea are filtered out of the blood. However, larger molecules like proteins are not filtered and remain in the blood. Therefore, the liquid in Bowman's capsule is blood plasma minus proteins.

Submit
64. For excretion, animals with impermeable skin use …….

Explanation

Animals with impermeable skin cannot excrete waste products through their skin via simple diffusion, as the impermeable skin prevents the passage of molecules. Instead, they require special excretory organs to eliminate waste from their bodies. These organs, such as kidneys in vertebrates, are specifically designed to filter and remove waste materials from the bloodstream, allowing for efficient excretion.

Submit
65. The hollow space at the center of kidney where urine is collected after its formation is called …..

Explanation

The correct answer is renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is the hollow space at the center of the kidney where urine is collected after its formation. It is a funnel-shaped structure that is connected to the ureter, which carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder. The renal pelvis acts as a reservoir for urine before it is transported out of the body.

Submit
66. The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances during their passage along different parts of the nephron. The concentrations of the two substances (X) and (Y) in each of the renal artery and the glomerular filtrate indicate that .....

Explanation

Based on the given information, the concentrations of substance (X) in the renal artery and the glomerular filtrate indicate that it is filtrated, meaning it passes through the filtration process in the nephron. On the other hand, the concentrations of substance (Y) in both the renal artery and the glomerular filtrate suggest that it is not filtrated, as its concentration remains the same. Therefore, the correct answer is that (X) is filtrated while (Y) is not filtrated.

Submit
67. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized ……

Explanation

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized in the liver, specifically in hepatocytes. This compound, called urea, is formed through a series of enzymatic reactions known as the urea cycle. Once synthesized, urea is transported to the kidneys through the bloodstream, where it is filtered out of the blood and excreted in urine. While a small amount of urea may also be eliminated through the liver via bile, the majority is excreted by the kidneys.

Submit
68. Which of the following food substances produces urea when being digested?

Explanation

Beans are a rich source of protein. When proteins are digested, they are broken down into amino acids. The amino acids are then converted into ammonia in the liver, which is toxic to the body. To eliminate this toxicity, the liver converts ammonia into urea, which is less toxic and can be safely excreted in the urine. Therefore, beans produce urea when being digested.

Submit
69. Acne (حب الشباب)is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. Hair follicles are found in the …….

Explanation

Acne occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. The hair follicles are located in the dermis, which is the second layer of the skin. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and hair follicles, making it the most likely location for acne to develop. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, while the hypodermis is the deepest layer. The fatty layer is not directly involved in the development of acne.

Submit
70. Which of the following structures help in regulating body temperature?

Explanation

Structures 6 and 8, which are sweat glands and blood vessels, respectively, help in regulating body temperature. Sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporates and cools the body. Blood vessels dilate or constrict to release or retain heat, respectively. Both of these structures play a crucial role in maintaining the body's temperature within a normal range.

Submit
71. The liver excretes ……

Explanation

The liver is responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying various substances in the body, including poisonous substances. It does this by breaking down these substances into less harmful compounds that can be eliminated from the body through urine or bile. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and preventing the accumulation of harmful toxins.

Submit
72. Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left one?

Explanation

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left one due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body. The liver occupies space in the abdominal cavity, pushing the right kidney down and causing it to be positioned lower than the left kidney.

Submit
73. Excretory substances which are filtered from the blood to the artificial kidney, depends on the …..… phenomenon.

Explanation

Excretory substances are filtered from the blood to the artificial kidney through the process of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the artificial kidney, the excretory substances in the blood, such as waste products and excess ions, move across a semipermeable membrane to the dialysate solution, which has a lower concentration of these substances. This movement occurs due to the concentration gradient between the blood and the dialysate, allowing the excretory substances to be removed from the blood through diffusion.

Submit
74. For a renal failure patient, the blood moves from the ……. to the artificial kidney.

Explanation

In a renal failure patient, the blood moves from the artery to the artificial kidney. This is because arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and towards the various organs and tissues in the body. In the case of a renal failure patient, the blood needs to be filtered and purified by the artificial kidney, so it is necessary for the blood to be transported from the artery to the artificial kidney for this process to occur.

Submit
75. Which of the following structures share in regulating body temperature?

Explanation

The sweat glands and the blood vessels together share in regulating body temperature. Sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin and helps to cool the body. Blood vessels, on the other hand, can dilate or constrict to regulate the flow of blood and heat to different parts of the body. Together, these structures work to maintain a stable body temperature.

Submit
76. According to their location in the skin structure, which of the following is anomalous?

Explanation

Pigment cells are anomalous according to their location in the skin structure. This suggests that pigment cells are not typically found in the location mentioned or they are present in an abnormal or unexpected way.

Submit
77. Which structure contains cells called melanocytes for secreting melanin?

Explanation

Structure 4 contains cells called melanocytes for secreting melanin.

Submit
78. The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances during their passage along different parts of the nephron. Which of the following agrees with the increase of (Z) concentration in the collecting duct?

Explanation

The concentration of a substance in the collecting duct can increase if several renal tubules drain into it. This is because each renal tubule may reabsorb different amounts of the substance, leading to an overall increase in concentration as the tubules merge in the collecting duct. The other options do not directly explain the increase in concentration of substance (Z) in the collecting duct.

Submit
79. The skin becomes dry if the structure …….. stopped working.

Explanation

If the structure responsible for producing oil and moisture in the skin stops working, the skin will become dry.

Submit
80. The following table represents the contents of one of the body fluids in a healthy person. Which of the structures (A), (B), (C) or (D) contains this fluid?

Explanation

Based on the given information, the correct answer is D. This is because the table represents the contents of one of the body fluids in a healthy person, and the fluid is contained in structure D.

Submit
81. Less filtration and more reabsorption occurs when there is .....

Explanation

When there is a shortage of water, the body tries to conserve as much water as possible. This is done by reducing the amount of water that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and increasing the amount of water that is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This helps to prevent dehydration and maintain the body's water balance.

Submit
82. Both Bowman's capsule and the distal renal tubule, lie in the cortical region of the kidney where both of them are responsible for the reabsorption process.

Explanation

Bowman's capsule and the distal renal tubule do indeed both lie in the cortical region of the kidney. However, while Bowman's capsule is responsible for the initial filtration of blood and the formation of urine, the distal renal tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Therefore, the first sentence is true, but the second sentence is not true as it incorrectly states that both structures are responsible for the reabsorption process.

Submit
83. Suppose that each 10 nephrons drain in one collecting duct. So the number of collecting ducts in the two kidneys is ……

Explanation

If each 10 nephrons drain into one collecting duct, then the number of collecting ducts in the two kidneys can be calculated by dividing the total number of nephrons by 10. Since the answer choices are given in terms of hundreds of thousands and millions, it can be inferred that the total number of nephrons is in the millions. Dividing a number in the millions by 10 would result in a number in the hundreds of thousands. Therefore, the correct answer is Two hundred thousand.

Submit
84. The following table illustrates a urine analysis for some of the urine contents in August 2019 for four persons having the same age and weight. Which of the four persons had been eating a diet rich in legumes before the urine analysis?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
85. Which of the following conditions indicate the increase in water contents of urine in a healthy person?

Explanation

Condition A indicates an increase in water content of urine in a healthy person.

Submit
86. The diuretic action (causing increased passing of urine)of tea, coffee and cocoa is due to....

Explanation

Tea, coffee, and cocoa have a diuretic action due to caffeine. Caffeine is a natural stimulant that affects the kidneys and increases urine production. It works by inhibiting the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. This diuretic effect can cause increased frequency of urination and can also contribute to dehydration if not enough fluids are consumed to compensate for the increased fluid loss.

Submit
87. Which of the following substances is a harmful catabolic product of protein in human?

Explanation

Ammonia is a harmful catabolic product of protein in humans. When proteins are broken down during metabolism, they release nitrogen-containing compounds. Ammonia is one of these compounds and is highly toxic to the body. It is converted into urea in the liver and then excreted by the kidneys. If the liver or kidneys are not functioning properly, ammonia levels can build up in the body, leading to serious health issues. Therefore, ammonia is considered a harmful byproduct of protein catabolism in humans.

Submit
88. Numerous ……… merge into the renal pelvis.

Explanation

The collecting ducts merge into the renal pelvis. The collecting ducts are responsible for reabsorbing water and electrolytes from the urine, and they play a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. They receive urine from multiple nephrons and transport it to the renal pelvis, which is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine before it is passed into the ureter.

Submit
89. Which of the following pours urea directly to the blood?

Explanation

The liver is responsible for many metabolic functions, including the synthesis and breakdown of urea. Urea is produced in the liver as a waste product of protein metabolism and is then transported to the kidneys for excretion. The liver does not directly pour urea into the blood, but it is involved in its production and subsequent transport to the kidneys.

Submit
90. Which of the four persons (A), (B), (C) or (D) is in summer? 

Explanation

Based on the given information, it is stated that person A is in summer.

Submit
91. Nails are characterized by all of the following except …..

Explanation

Nails are characterized by all of the following except being pigmented structures. Nails are actually modified types of skin, they contain the tough protein keratin, and once they emerge, the cell structure is not living. However, nails do not have pigmentation, which is why they appear colorless or translucent.

Submit
92. In a healthy person, Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop are common in.....

Explanation

Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop are both structures found in the kidney. They are part of the nephron, which is responsible for the filtration and excretion of waste products from the blood. Urea is a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the glomerulus in Bowman's capsule and then reabsorbed and concentrated in the Henle's loop. Therefore, the presence of urea is common in both Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop in a healthy person.

Submit
93. What is the function of the urethra?

Explanation

The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the external opening of the body. Its main function is to transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. This allows for the elimination of waste products from the body.

Submit
94. The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances during their passage along different parts of the nephron. The zero concentration of (X) in each of the renal tubules and the collecting duct is an indication for the....

Explanation

The zero concentration of (X) in each of the renal tubules and the collecting duct suggests that the substance (X) is efficiently being reabsorbed. If there was a disturbance in the reabsorption process, there would be a noticeable concentration of (X) in the tubules and collecting duct. Therefore, the zero concentration indicates that the reabsorption process is efficient.

Submit
95. Which of the following structures contains the highest concentration of mineral salts?

Explanation

Structure A contains the highest concentration of mineral salts.

Submit
96. If the ratio of glucose in the renal artery is much more than its ratio in the renal vein, then there is a disturbance in the process that occurs in the ....

Explanation

If the ratio of glucose in the renal artery is much more than its ratio in the renal vein, it suggests that there is a disturbance in the process that occurs in the renal tubules. The renal tubules are responsible for reabsorbing glucose from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. If there is a higher concentration of glucose in the renal artery compared to the renal vein, it indicates that the renal tubules are not effectively reabsorbing glucose, leading to an imbalance in the glucose levels.

Submit
97. The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances during their passage along different parts of the nephron. The concentration stability of the substance (Z) in each of the renal artery, glomerular filtrate and the renal tubules indicates that ......

Explanation

The concentration stability of the substance (Z) in the renal artery and glomerular filtrate indicates that filtration is occurring. The fact that the concentration of substance (Z) remains stable in the renal tubules suggests that reabsorption is not occurring. Therefore, the correct answer is that filtration occurs but reabsorption does not occur.

Submit
98. Select the correct matching of the following concentrations of Urea in group (A) with its proper structure in group (B). Group (A): 2000 mg/100 ml fluid – 30 mg/ 100ml – 20 mg/100ml – 30 mg/100ml Group (B): Renal artery (RA) – Glomerular filtrate (GF) – Urine – Renal vein (RV)

Explanation

The correct matching of concentrations of Urea in group (A) with its proper structure in group (B) is RA 30 / GF 30 / Urine 2000 / RV 20. This means that the concentration of Urea in the renal artery (RA) is 30 mg/100ml, in the glomerular filtrate (GF) is 30 mg/100ml, in the urine is 2000 mg/100ml, and in the renal vein (RV) is 20 mg/100ml.

Submit
99. Select the correct matching of the following concentrations of Proteins in group (A) with its proper structure in group (B). Group (A): Zero mg/100 ml fluid – Zero mg/ 100ml – 740 mg/100ml – 740 mg/100ml Group (B): Renal artery (RA) – Glomerular filtrate (GF) – Urine – Renal vein (RV)

Explanation

The correct answer is RA 740 / GF Zero / Urine Zero / RV 740. This is because the concentration of proteins is highest in the renal artery (RA) and renal vein (RV), which are the blood vessels that supply and drain the kidney. The glomerular filtrate (GF), which is the fluid that is filtered out of the blood in the kidney, does not contain any proteins. The urine, which is the final product that is excreted from the body, also does not contain any proteins. Therefore, the concentration of proteins is zero in both the glomerular filtrate and the urine.

Submit
100. Constipation is the accumulation of stool in the colon. It is accompanied by all the following conditions except …..

Explanation

Constipation is the accumulation of stool in the colon, which can cause the bladder to not empty well. This can lead to symptoms such as difficulty in urination or incomplete emptying of the bladder. However, frequent bowel movements are not typically associated with constipation.

Submit
101. Which is correct about the glomerular filtrate?

Explanation

The glomerular filtrate is isotonic with respect to blood plasma, meaning that it has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. This is important for maintaining the balance of ions and other substances in the body. If the glomerular filtrate were hypotonic, it would have a lower concentration of solutes than blood plasma, and if it were hypertonic, it would have a higher concentration. The concentration of albumin, a protein, is actually higher in blood plasma than in the glomerular filtrate.

Submit
102. Decreased urine volumes are found in…..

Explanation

Decreased urine volumes can be found in all of the conditions mentioned: acute nephritis, vomiting, and diarrhea. Acute nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys that can lead to reduced urine production. Vomiting can cause dehydration and a decrease in urine output. Diarrhea can also result in dehydration and a decrease in urine volume. Therefore, all of these conditions can cause a decrease in urine volumes.

Submit
103. …….. is considered as the biggest gland in the body that plays an important role in digestion, excretion and metabolism.

Explanation

The liver is considered as the biggest gland in the body that plays an important role in digestion, excretion, and metabolism. It produces bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. The liver also filters toxins and waste products from the blood, detoxifies harmful substances, and metabolizes drugs and alcohol. Additionally, it stores vitamins and minerals, produces blood-clotting proteins, and regulates blood sugar levels. Overall, the liver is a vital organ that performs multiple functions essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.

Submit
104. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. These arterioles carry oxygenated blood.

Explanation

The first statement is true because the efferent arterioles do form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. The second statement is also true because the efferent arterioles carry oxygenated blood.

Submit
105. If you know that the kidneys remove excess H+ ions from the body and excrete them in the urine and reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3- ions from the urine back to the blood. By this process, the kidneys help in all of the following except .....

Explanation

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body. They remove excess H+ ions from the body, which helps in making the blood less acidic and maintaining blood pH within normal limits. Additionally, they reabsorb bicarbonate ions from the urine back into the blood, which also helps in reducing blood acidity. However, regulating the osmotic pressure of blood is not directly related to the kidneys' role in acid-base balance. Therefore, the correct answer is regulating the osmotic pressure of blood.

Submit
106. In amoeba excretion takes place through the process of.......

Explanation

Amoeba is a unicellular organism that lacks specialized excretory organs. Instead, it excretes waste products through the process of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In amoeba, waste materials such as carbon dioxide and ammonia diffuse out of the cell into the surrounding environment. This process allows for the removal of metabolic waste products and helps maintain the balance of solutes within the cell. Therefore, diffusion is the correct process of excretion in amoeba.

Submit
107. What would increase the glomerular filtration rate?

Explanation

Dilation of the afferent arterioles would increase the glomerular filtration rate. Afferent arterioles are responsible for bringing blood into the glomerulus, where filtration occurs. When these arterioles dilate, it allows more blood to flow into the glomerulus, increasing the pressure and filtration rate. This can result in a higher volume of filtrate being produced by the kidneys. Conversely, constriction in the afferent arterioles or dilation of the efferent arterioles would decrease the glomerular filtration rate. Chronic kidney disease, on the other hand, is a condition that impairs kidney function and can lead to a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.

Submit
108. What is the direct effect that takes place if you are sweating profusely after vigorous physical activity and then sit under a fan?

Explanation

When we sweat profusely after vigorous physical activity, our body produces sweat to cool down. When we sit under a fan, the air movement increases the rate of evaporation of sweat from our skin. This increased evaporation helps to dissipate the heat from our body more efficiently, leading to a decrease in body temperature. Therefore, the correct answer is that the rate of evaporation of sweat increases.

Submit
109. Disappearance of blood capillaries surrounding the renal tubules will lead to …..

Explanation

The disappearance of blood capillaries surrounding the renal tubules will not lead to any of the given options. The filtration process in the kidneys occurs in the glomerulus, not in the capillaries surrounding the tubules. The blood returning to the arteries is not dependent on the capillaries surrounding the tubules. Absorption of minerals occurs in the renal tubules, but it is not the only function of the capillaries surrounding the tubules. Therefore, none of the given options accurately describe the effect of the disappearance of these capillaries.

Submit
110. One of the following conditions is not going to happen on putting your hand in a plastic bag tied around the wrist …….

Explanation

When you put your hand in a plastic bag tied around the wrist, the conditions inside the bag would not cause the sebaceous glands to become more active. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, which is an oily substance that helps lubricate and protect the skin. The conditions inside the bag, such as increased temperature and lack of evaporation, may cause sweat glands to extract more sweat from the surrounding blood capillaries and sweat to remain on the surface of the skin without evaporation. However, these conditions would not directly affect the activity of the sebaceous glands.

Submit
111. The glomerular filtrate differs from blood plasma in that the glomerular filtrate .......

Explanation

The glomerular filtrate is formed in the kidneys through the process of filtration. During this process, substances such as water, glucose, and mineral salts are filtered out of the blood and into the glomerular filtrate. However, large proteins and blood cells are too large to pass through the filtration membrane and therefore are not present in the glomerular filtrate. Therefore, the correct answer is that the glomerular filtrate is free of large proteins and blood cells.

Submit
112. How is kidney function related to blood pressure? All answers are correct except …….

Explanation

While high blood pressure can indeed damage blood vessels in the kidneys and cause kidney failure, the statement that high blood pressure causes the nephrons to receive an excess supply of oxygen and can lead to oxygen toxicity is incorrect. High blood pressure does not affect the oxygen supply to the nephrons. Therefore, this statement is not related to the kidney function and blood pressure.

Submit
113. Since there is no excretion of fat in sweat or urine, therefore fat is excreted with……

Explanation

Fat is not excreted in sweat or urine, so it must be excreted through another means. Since fat is a component of the body's energy storage system, it is broken down and released as carbon dioxide during the process of expiration, or breathing out. This is why expiration is the correct answer.

Submit
114. All of the following have a diuretic effect except ....... has an anti-diuretic effect.

Explanation

Chamomile is the only option that does not have a diuretic effect. Diuretics are substances that increase urine production and promote the excretion of water and electrolytes from the body. Hibiscus, green tea, and parsley all have diuretic effects, meaning they can increase urine production. However, chamomile has an anti-diuretic effect, meaning it helps to reduce urine production and retain water in the body.

Submit
115. If sebaceous glands fail to work, one of the following will not happen …...⃝

Explanation

If the sebaceous glands fail to work, it will not lead to capillary and vascular fragility. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing sebum, which helps to moisturize the skin and hair. Without the production of sebum, the skin may become dry and the hair may become brittle. However, capillary and vascular fragility are not directly affected by the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Submit
116. The excretory system regulates the blood volume by …….

Explanation

The excretory system regulates the blood volume by eliminating excess water. This is because the excretory system, specifically the kidneys, filter the blood and remove waste products, including excess water, through the formation of urine. By eliminating excess water, the excretory system helps maintain the proper balance of fluids in the body, which in turn regulates the blood volume.

Submit
117. Among the following excretory substances, which is the least toxic form?

Explanation

Uric acid is the least toxic form among the given excretory substances. This is because it is relatively insoluble in water and can be easily eliminated from the body in the form of a paste or solid waste. In contrast, ammonia is highly toxic and requires a lot of water for dilution, while urea and carbon dioxide are less toxic than ammonia but still require more water for elimination compared to uric acid. Therefore, uric acid is the least toxic and requires the least amount of water for excretion.

Submit
118. Ammonia is formed by the kidney from .....

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Submit
119. Ethanol found in beer and alcoholic beverage is excreted by ......

Explanation

Ethanol, the main type of alcohol found in beer and alcoholic beverages, is excreted by the lungs, skin, and kidneys. When ethanol is consumed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and then carried to various organs and tissues. Some of the ethanol is metabolized by the liver, but a significant amount is eliminated from the body through exhalation from the lungs, sweating through the skin, and filtration by the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is that ethanol is excreted by the lungs, skin, and kidneys.

Submit
120. The amount of urine output per day by a normal human being is ......

Explanation

A normal human being typically produces 1 - 2 liters of urine per day. This is considered to be within the normal range of urine output for a healthy individual.

Submit
121. In the diagram below, the renal cortex extends into the medulla forming the structures (A) which represent ….

Explanation

The correct answer is Renal columns of Bertini. In the diagram, the structures (A) that are formed by the extension of the renal cortex into the medulla are the renal columns of Bertini. These columns are composed of connective tissue and they separate the renal pyramids. The renal pyramids and renal corpuscles are not formed by the extension of the renal cortex, and the loops of Henle are part of the nephrons located within the renal pyramids. Therefore, the most accurate answer is Renal columns of Bertini.

Submit
122. Which of the following is not a method of removing water from the body?

Explanation

Shedding skin is not a method of removing water from the body. Shedding skin refers to the process of the outer layer of skin being replaced by new skin cells, which does not involve the removal of water. Sweating, urinating, and exhaling are all mechanisms by which the body eliminates excess water and waste products.

Submit
123. Which of the following correctly describes the correlation between the rate of respiration and carbon dioxide concentration?

Explanation

The correct answer is "The more cells respire, the higher the CO2 concentration in the blood." This is because during respiration, cells produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. As more cells respire, there is an increase in the production of carbon dioxide, leading to a higher concentration of CO2 in the blood.

Submit
124. Which of the following is part of more than one organ system?

Explanation

Both the liver and the lungs are part of more than one organ system. The liver is part of the digestive system, where it produces bile to aid in digestion, and also the circulatory system, where it filters toxins from the blood. The lungs are part of the respiratory system, where they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing, and also the circulatory system, where they oxygenate the blood. Therefore, both the liver and the lungs are involved in multiple organ systems.

Submit
125. Which of the following structures of the skin is not confirmed to be involved in the regulation of body temperature?

Explanation

Melanin-producing cells, also known as melanocytes, are responsible for producing the pigment melanin, which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. However, they are not directly involved in the regulation of body temperature. Sweat glands play a major role in thermoregulation by producing sweat, which cools the body when it evaporates. Sensory nerve endings detect changes in temperature and transmit signals to the brain for appropriate responses. Blood capillaries help regulate body temperature by constricting or dilating to control blood flow and heat exchange.

Submit
126. On examining a urine sample for a person, it is noticed an increase in the albumin percentage. What does this mean?

Explanation

An increase in the albumin percentage in a urine sample indicates a disturbance in the function of Bowman's capsule. Bowman's capsule is responsible for filtering waste products, including albumin, from the blood into the urine. If there is a disturbance in its function, it may allow albumin to pass through into the urine, leading to an increase in the albumin percentage. This can be indicative of kidney damage or disease.

Submit
127. The graph below expresses amount of water lost by the body in different states. Which columns represent the body state during a short running competition?

Explanation

The column D represents the body state during a short running competition because it shows the highest amount of water lost. This indicates that the body is exerting more energy and sweating more during the running competition, leading to a greater loss of water.

Submit
128. Complete the equation to demonstrate the process of deamination: Amino acid → ---------- + organic acid.

Explanation

During the process of deamination, an amino acid is converted into ammonia and an organic acid. This process occurs in the liver and is an important step in the metabolism of amino acids. The ammonia produced can then be further metabolized into urea and excreted by the body. Ammonia is a toxic compound and needs to be converted into a less toxic form before it can be safely eliminated.

Submit
129. Ammonia is generally excreted through which of the following organs?

Explanation

Ammonia is generally excreted through gills in aquatic organisms. Gills are specialized organs that allow for the exchange of gases and waste products between the organism and its environment. In aquatic environments, ammonia is produced as a byproduct of protein metabolism and needs to be eliminated to maintain proper physiological balance. Gills have a large surface area and are rich in blood vessels, allowing for efficient removal of ammonia from the body and its release into the surrounding water.

Submit
130. Which of the following graphs represents the change in concentration of the thyroid hormone in blood of a patient with kidney failure during its passage in the artificial kidney apparatus?

Explanation

Graph A represents a gradual decrease in concentration of the thyroid hormone in blood over time. This is likely to occur during the passage of blood through an artificial kidney apparatus, as the apparatus is designed to filter waste products and excess substances from the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Submit
131. After protein digestion, the product is transported from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the liver. The excess of it is metabolized and detoxified to .

Explanation

After protein digestion, the amino acids are transported from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the liver. In the liver, the excess amino acids are metabolized and detoxified. The amino group is removed from the amino acids and converted into ammonia. However, ammonia is toxic to the body, so it is further converted into urea, which is less toxic and can be safely transported to the kidneys for excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is urea.

Submit
132. Which form of the following excretory products is for the adaptation of water conservation?

Explanation

Uric acid is the form of excretory product that is for the adaptation of water conservation. Uric acid is a waste product that is produced by the breakdown of purines, which are found in nucleic acids. Unlike ammonia and urea, which are highly soluble in water and require a large amount of water for excretion, uric acid is relatively insoluble and can be excreted in a more concentrated form, reducing water loss. This adaptation is particularly important for animals that live in arid environments or have limited access to water. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is not an excretory product but a waste product of cellular respiration.

Submit
133. Fennec foxes and rabbits rely on their long ears to dissipate body heat to the surrounding air. Unlike them, humans rely mainly on to cool their body temperature by.......

Explanation

Humans rely mainly on secreting a watery substance on the surface of their skin to cool their body temperature. This substance is known as sweat, and when it evaporates from the skin, it helps to dissipate heat and lower body temperature. Unlike fennec foxes and rabbits, who rely on their long ears to dissipate heat, humans have evolved the ability to sweat as a more efficient way to cool down.

Submit
134. Where does the body get rid of vitamin C that was absorbed from the small intestine?

Explanation

Vitamin C that is absorbed from the small intestine is primarily excreted from the body through the urine. The kidneys filter out excess vitamin C from the bloodstream and eliminate it through urine. This is why consuming excessive amounts of vitamin C can result in the urine appearing more yellow or orange in color. The other options - stool, exhaled air, and bile juice - are not the primary routes for excreting vitamin C from the body.

Submit
135. A gradual accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood can lower the blood's pH. Why is it important that carbon dioxide is removed from the body?

Explanation

When carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the blood's pH. A decrease in pH can affect enzyme activity because enzymes are sensitive to changes in pH. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions in the body. They have specific pH ranges in which they function optimally. If the pH decreases, it can disrupt the enzyme's structure and function, leading to a decrease in enzyme activity. This can have a negative impact on various metabolic processes in the body.

Submit
136. Why is deamination an important process in the human body?

Explanation

Deamination is an important process in the human body because it breaks down amino acids that cannot be stored. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and the body constantly receives a supply of amino acids from the diet. However, excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and must be eliminated. Deamination allows for the removal of the amino group from the amino acid, converting it into ammonia. The ammonia is then further processed and converted into urea, which is excreted in urine. This process helps to maintain a balance of amino acids in the body and prevent the buildup of toxic levels of ammonia.

Submit
137. Water soluble vitamins are excretes from the body through ……….

Explanation

Water soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, are excreted from the body through urine. These vitamins are not stored in the body and any excess amounts are typically filtered out by the kidneys and eliminated through urine. Sweat and feces can also contain small amounts of water soluble vitamins, but the primary route of excretion is through urine.

Submit
138. Which of the following correctly differentiates between the main roles of urine and sweat in the human body?

Explanation

Urine plays a crucial role in excreting nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body. Nitrogenous wastes, such as urea and ammonia, are produced as a byproduct of protein metabolism and need to be eliminated to maintain proper bodily functions. Additionally, excess water is also excreted through urine to maintain the body's water balance. On the other hand, sweat primarily functions to regulate body temperature. When the body gets too hot, sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin and helps cool down the body.

Submit
139. During food digestion, some gases are released as waste products. Which of the following is the excretory organ responsible for getting rid of these wastes?

Explanation

The correct answer is "None of the answers is correct" because none of the organs listed (mouth, sweat, anus) are responsible for getting rid of gases released during food digestion. The correct excretory organ responsible for getting rid of these wastes is the lungs.

Submit
140. The blood capillaries bring ....... and excess water to the kidney.

Explanation

The blood capillaries bring wastes to the kidney. This is because the kidney is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and excreting them as urine. The blood capillaries carry the waste-filled blood to the kidney, where the waste products are removed and eliminated from the body.

Submit
141. The excess salts are removed from the body through the ………

Explanation

The kidney is responsible for removing excess salts from the body. It filters the blood and removes waste products, including salts, through the production of urine. The urine carries the excess salts out of the body, helping to maintain the balance of electrolytes and prevent the buildup of harmful substances. The liver, lungs, and skin also play roles in waste removal, but they are not specifically involved in removing excess salts.

Submit
142. The following graph illustrates the concentration of urea in the blood of a person over 17 days, if you know that the normal concentration of urea in blood does not exceed 50 milligram /cm3.The dropping of the curve over 17 days indicates ........

Explanation

The dropping of the curve over 17 days indicates the performing of dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure that helps to remove waste products, including urea, from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly. The graph shows a decrease in the concentration of urea in the blood over time, suggesting that dialysis is being performed to remove the excess urea and maintain a normal concentration.

Submit
143. Which of the following are the solid organs in the human body which are responsible for the production and excretion of urea?

Explanation

The liver and the kidneys are the solid organs responsible for the production and excretion of urea. The liver produces urea as a waste product during the metabolism of proteins. It then releases the urea into the bloodstream, which is filtered by the kidneys. The kidneys remove urea from the blood and excrete it in the urine. The bladder is not involved in the production or excretion of urea.

Submit
144. What Happens to Your Body When You Don't Drink Enough Water?

Explanation

When you don't drink enough water, the osmotic pressure of your blood plasma increases. Osmotic pressure refers to the force that water exerts on the walls of cells. When there is not enough water in the body, the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma increases, causing water to move out of the cells and into the bloodstream to try to balance the concentration. This can lead to dehydration and various health issues.

Submit
145. Which of the following is an example of excretion in mammals?

Explanation

The removal of urea by the kidneys is an example of excretion in mammals because urea is a waste product produced by the liver as a result of protein metabolism. The kidneys filter urea out of the blood and excrete it in the form of urine, helping to maintain the balance of waste products in the body. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the buildup of toxic substances in the bloodstream.

Submit
146. What does your body do with excess fat soluble vitamins?

Explanation

Excess fat soluble vitamins are stored in the body's adipose tissue for future use. Unlike water soluble vitamins, which are excreted through urine, fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body for longer periods of time. This allows the body to have a reserve of these vitamins in case there is a deficiency in the diet. The adipose tissue acts as a storage site for these vitamins, releasing them as needed by the body.

Submit
147. Which of the following compounds can most likely reflect the disturbance of liver function if its level is increased in the blood?

Explanation

Ammonia is the correct answer because an increase in its level in the blood can reflect a disturbance in liver function. The liver normally converts toxic ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys. If the liver is not functioning properly, it may not be able to convert ammonia into urea, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. This can cause symptoms such as confusion, fatigue, and even coma in severe cases.

Submit
148. The following graph represents the rate of elimination of nitrogenous wastes in blood vessels for a certain person. What is the health status of this person?

Explanation

The rate of elimination of nitrogenous wastes in the blood vessels is represented by the graph. Since the graph shows a flat line, it suggests that there is no elimination of nitrogenous wastes occurring. This indicates that the person's kidneys are not functioning properly. In order to compensate for the kidney's inability to eliminate waste, the person's blood is connected to a hemodialysis machine, which performs the function of filtering and cleaning the blood. Therefore, the person's health status is reliant on the hemodialysis machine.

Submit
149. On examining a urine sample of a person, it is noticed an increase in the albumin percentage. What does this mean?

Explanation

An increase in the albumin percentage in a urine sample indicates a disturbance in the function of Bowman's capsule. Bowman's capsule is responsible for filtering the blood and preventing large molecules like albumin from entering the urine. If there is a disturbance in its function, albumin may leak into the urine, leading to an increase in its percentage. This can be indicative of kidney damage or disease.

Submit
150. Which of the following do not filtrate into Bowman's capsule?

Explanation

Fibrinogen does not filtrate into Bowman's capsule because it is a large protein molecule and the filtration process in the kidney only allows small molecules and ions to pass through. Fibrinogen is an important protein involved in blood clotting and is too large to be filtered by the glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule.

Submit
151. Which of the following nutrients if they are eaten by a kidney failure patient decreases his need for artificial kidney treatment?

Explanation

Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can help improve kidney function and reduce the need for artificial kidney treatment. They are also low in sodium and high in water content, which can help maintain proper hydration and prevent fluid overload in kidney failure patients. Additionally, fruits and vegetables are a good source of dietary fiber, which can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve overall digestive health. Therefore, including fruits and vegetables in the diet of a kidney failure patient can have a positive impact on their kidney function and reduce the need for artificial kidney treatment.

Submit
152. The diagram provided shows a simplified outline of the ornithine cycle that occurs in the liver. What compound has been replaced by X?

Explanation

In the ornithine cycle, urea is the compound that is produced as a waste product. It is formed by combining ammonia and carbon dioxide in the liver. The diagram shows the outline of this cycle, and the compound that has been replaced by X is urea.

Submit
153. All of the following is not usually found in the urine of a healthy person except ------------- .

Explanation

Sodium is not usually found in the urine of a healthy person because it is reabsorbed by the kidneys to maintain electrolyte balance in the body. Albumin, glucose, and white blood cells can sometimes be found in the urine of a healthy person, but their presence may indicate an underlying health condition.

Submit
154. Which of the following is true for a patient with liver failure?

Explanation

Liver failure leads to a decrease in the liver's ability to convert ammonia into urea, resulting in an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. This condition is known as hyperammonemia, and it can lead to various symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, and even coma. Blood purification using an artificial kidney machine (hemodialysis) is not a suitable treatment for liver failure as it is primarily used for kidney failure. Accumulation of uric acid in the bloodstream is not directly related to liver failure.

Submit
155. Which of the following exist in the kidney in a number less than the number of Bowman's capsules?

Explanation

Collecting ducts exist in the kidney in a number less than the number of Bowman's capsules. The collecting ducts are responsible for reabsorbing water and concentrating the urine. Each nephron, which includes a Bowman's capsule, has one collecting duct. Therefore, the number of collecting ducts is less than the number of Bowman's capsules present in the kidney.

Submit
156. Which of the following structural units of the nephron will contain the highest amount of glucose in a normal person after eating a food rich in sugars?

Explanation

After eating a food rich in sugars, the highest amount of glucose will be present in the Bowman's capsule. This is because the Bowman's capsule is the initial part of the nephron where filtration occurs, and glucose is filtered from the blood into the nephron. Therefore, after consuming a high-sugar meal, there will be a higher concentration of glucose in the blood, leading to a higher amount of glucose being filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

Submit
157. What is the structure in the kidney represented by label 1,2 & 3 respectively?

Explanation

Label 1 represents the cortex, which is the outer layer of the kidney. Label 2 represents the medulla, which is the inner region of the kidney. Label 3 represents the renal artery, which is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidney. Therefore, the correct answer is Cortex, medulla, renal artery.

Submit
158. In Hydra and Amoeba, ammonia is the main nitrogenous waste. Lizards, snakes, birds and insects excrete mostly uric acid but crocodiles and alligators excrete mainly ammonia though they are reptiles. On the basis of this we can generalize that:-

Explanation

The given information states that different animals excrete different nitrogenous wastes. While lizards, snakes, birds, and insects excrete mostly uric acid, crocodiles and alligators excrete mainly ammonia. This suggests that the type of nitrogenous waste excreted by an animal is closely related to the availability of water in its environment. Animals that live in water or have access to abundant water, like crocodiles and alligators, excrete ammonia, which is highly soluble in water. On the other hand, animals that live in arid environments or have limited access to water, like lizards, snakes, birds, and insects, excrete uric acid, which is less soluble and requires less water for excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is that nitrogen waste excretion is closely related to the availability of water in the environment.

Submit
159. After the glomerular filtrate leaves Bowman's capsule, the reabsorption process takes place in nephric tubules. What is the correct statement about the movement of ions and water in this process?

Explanation

After the glomerular filtrate leaves Bowman's capsule, the reabsorption process occurs in the nephric tubules. In this process, water moves from the nephric tubules to the bloodstream, allowing for the reabsorption of water by the body. At the same time, ions also move in the same direction, from the nephric tubules to the bloodstream. This movement of water and ions helps to maintain the body's fluid balance and regulate the concentration of ions in the blood.

Submit
160. What ultimately happens to the urea produced in the ornithine cycle?

Explanation

Urea, which is produced in the ornithine cycle, is a waste product of protein metabolism. It is formed in the liver and then transported to the kidneys through the bloodstream. In the kidneys, urea is filtered out of the blood and excreted in the urine. Therefore, the correct answer is that urea produced in the ornithine cycle is excreted in the urine.

Submit
161. The following graph illustrates the concentration of urea in the blood of a person over 17 days, if you know that the normal concentration of urea in blood does not exceed 50 milligram /cm3. What do you expect to happen for the curve in the 18th day?

Explanation

Based on the information given, the graph shows that the concentration of urea in the blood has been increasing over the 17 days. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the trend will continue and the concentration of urea will increase again on the 18th day.

Submit
162. The volume of urine was examined in a group of people during fasting in winter, during fasting in summer, and on a spring day without fasting. What should we expect to find? Note that V = volume of urine.

Explanation

During fasting in winter, the body tends to conserve water and produce less urine. During fasting in summer, the body loses more water through sweating and produces more urine to compensate for the loss. On a spring day without fasting, the body is in a normal state and produces a moderate amount of urine. Therefore, we would expect to find that the volume of urine is highest in spring, followed by winter, and lowest in summer.

Submit
163. Which of the following graphs represents the amount of expelled substances from a normal person in the fifth of January?

Explanation

Graph A represents the amount of expelled substances from a normal person on the fifth of January.

Submit
164. Which of the following compounds must be found in the purified liquid of the artificial kidney device?

Explanation

In the artificial kidney device, the purpose is to filter waste products from the blood. Carbon dioxide, urea, and ammonia are waste products that need to be removed, while glucose is a molecule that the body needs to retain. Therefore, glucose must be found in the purified liquid of the artificial kidney device.

Submit
165. Presence of large amounts of mitochondria in the tubule cells of nephrons suggests that the nephron is involved in the process of …….

Explanation

The presence of large amounts of mitochondria in the tubule cells of nephrons suggests that the nephron is involved in the process of active transport. Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, and ATP provides this energy. Therefore, the presence of mitochondria indicates that the nephron is actively involved in transporting substances across the tubule cells.

Submit
166. People with pre-existing kidney disease are not allowed to eat too much of ……..

Explanation

People with pre-existing kidney disease are not allowed to eat too much red meat because it is high in protein and can put strain on the kidneys. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, and a high protein diet can increase the workload on the kidneys and potentially worsen kidney function. Therefore, it is recommended for individuals with kidney disease to limit their intake of red meat.

Submit
167. An important function the liver has in the human body is to carry out the deamination of amino acids. What happens to an amino acid undergoing deamination?

Explanation

During deamination, an amino acid undergoes the removal of its amino group. This process results in the formation of ammonia and a molecule without the amino group. The carboxyl group remains intact, and there is no reaction with ammonia to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, the correct answer is that an amino acid undergoing deamination has an amino group removed.

Submit
168. Which of the following can be found in the glomerulus of a healthy person but not in the Bowman's capsule?

Explanation

Haemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen. In a healthy person, the glomerulus filters waste products and excess substances from the blood, but it does not filter out proteins like haemoglobin. The Bowman's capsule, on the other hand, is responsible for collecting the filtered substances from the glomerulus, and it should not contain proteins like haemoglobin. Therefore, haemoglobin can be found in the glomerulus but not in the Bowman's capsule of a healthy person.

Submit
169. Which of the following best explains excretion?

Explanation

Excretion is the process by which waste products of metabolism are eliminated from the body. This includes the removal of substances such as carbon dioxide, urea, and excess salts. These waste products are produced as a result of various metabolic processes in the body and need to be eliminated to maintain homeostasis and prevent the build-up of toxic substances. Sweat production is a form of excretion, but it is not the best explanation for excretion as it only represents a small portion of the overall waste elimination process.

Submit
170. Excess amino acids in mammals undergo protein catabolism in the liver, producing (X) as the main end product which is then transported to the kidney to be excreted. Which of the following blood vessels contains the lowest concentration of (X)?

Explanation

Excess amino acids in mammals are catabolized in the liver, producing ammonia (X) as the main end product. This ammonia is then transported to the kidney to be excreted. The renal vein carries blood away from the kidney, meaning it contains the lowest concentration of ammonia (X) since it has already been filtered and removed from the blood by the kidney. The other options, such as the aorta, hepatic vein, and renal artery, would contain higher concentrations of ammonia (X) as they have not yet been processed by the kidney.

Submit
171. The graph below expresses the concentration of urea in a person's blood after its release in the hepatic vein during the day. Which of the following persons his health status can be represented by the graph?

Explanation

The graph shows the concentration of urea in the blood after its release in the hepatic vein. Hepatomegaly, or liver enlargement, can affect the liver's ability to metabolize urea, leading to an increase in its concentration in the blood. This is consistent with the graph, which shows a higher concentration of urea over time. Diabetes mellitus and stones in the urinary bladder do not directly affect the liver's ability to metabolize urea. A dialysis patient would not have a graph showing the release of urea in the hepatic vein, as dialysis is a treatment that removes waste products from the blood.

Submit
View My Results

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Apr 9, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Apr 09, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jul 23, 2019
    Quiz Created by
    Samy
Cancel
  • All
    All (171)
  • Unanswered
    Unanswered ()
  • Answered
    Answered ()
Which of the following skin structures extend through both the dermis...
The main nitrogen-containing waste excreted in urine is...
The uric acid is produced during the breakdown of...
The poisonous soluble materials are transformed into non-soluble ones...
The functional excretory unit in human's skin is the …..
Which blood vessel contains the least amount of urea?
In which of the following are the largest amounts of nitrogen excreted...
Place the following events in sequence ….. ...
The figure below represents a section in an important organ in the...
Which of the following structures transport/s glucose in a healthy...
Kidneys are thin and long in …..
The loop of Henle is present inside the ….. of the kidney
The best long term solution for kidney failure is.......
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized...
A person who has control of urination can consciously and voluntarily...
Blood being pumped to the kidneys and then filtered by nephrons is an...
Damaging the nerve ending in a finger leads to ...…
The average volume of blood passes through the kidney per minute is...
The function of each of the structures (6) and (2) depend on the...
The urinary excretion increases by the following substance having a...
If circle (A) represents the liver, circle (B) represents the kidney...
Which of the following is a toxic chemical group has to be removed...
In hot weather the skin blood vessels …..
The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called...
The figure below represents the functional unit of the kidney. What...
If the Human body contains five liters of blood and 1.25 liters of...
Loss of large number of nephrons, may lead to ……..
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, is examined by...
In relative to the structure (A), the structure (B) contains ......
If the concentration of glucose in the renal artery is 90 mg/100 ml of...
The liver (one of the excretory organs) breaks down the excess...
Which vessel carries blood to the kidneys?
Which of the following excretory substances is/are eliminated only...
The softness of the structure (2) depends on the structure...
Red or pink urine is due to the presence of ……
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
The artificial kidney contains a fluid which is almost the same as...
Each kidney contains about ……… uriniferous...
Which graph represents the approximate proper concentration of red...
Which of the following describes importance of excretion? It is the...
What happens if a sudden change in the surrounding temperature takes...
When the body temperature rises above normal, .....
Which of the following graphs show the relationship between the rate...
The urine in Human consists mainly of …….
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per day is about …..
Of the total blood volume, ……. Liters of plasma are...
What will happen if there is no tubular reabsorption in the nephrons...
What makes up the shaft of a hair?
About 80% of kidney stones can pass out through urinary system by...
The skin loses its natural colour in the absence of ….
Concentrated urine results when ….
If fibrosis of the human kidney occurs and a great number of nephrons...
The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances...
The circles shown below represent different excretory organs, where...
Bowman's capsule and Convoluted tubules always lie within the ___
One of the following materials leaves the body through a plasma...
The _____ acts as an insulator for the body?
Hemodialysis (artificial kidney) rids your body of harmful wastes....
Immuno-suppressant drugs are taken ______.
The kidneys receive about ….. % of the cardiac output daily.
Which of the following is not true about collecting ducts?
What happens when kidneys stop filtering?
The liquid which collects in Bowman's capsule is _____
For excretion, animals with impermeable skin use …….
The hollow space at the center of kidney where urine is collected...
The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances...
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesized...
Which of the following food substances produces urea when being...
Acne (حب الشباب)is a skin condition that occurs when your...
Which of the following structures help in regulating body temperature?
The liver excretes ……
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left one?
Excretory substances which are filtered from the blood to the...
For a renal failure patient, the blood moves from the...
Which of the following structures share in regulating body...
According to their location in the skin structure, which of the...
Which structure contains cells called melanocytes for secreting...
The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances...
The skin becomes dry if the structure …….. stopped...
The following table represents the contents of one of the body fluids...
Less filtration and more reabsorption occurs when there is .....
Both Bowman's capsule and the distal renal tubule, lie in the cortical...
Suppose that each 10 nephrons drain in one collecting duct. So the...
The following table illustrates a urine analysis for some of the urine...
Which of the following conditions indicate the increase in water...
The diuretic action (causing increased passing of urine)of tea, coffee...
Which of the following substances is a harmful catabolic product of...
Numerous ……… merge into the renal pelvis.
Which of the following pours urea directly to the blood?
Which of the four persons (A), (B), (C) or (D) is in summer? 
Nails are characterized by all of the following except …..
In a healthy person, Bowman's capsule and Henle's loop are...
What is the function of the urethra?
The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances...
Which of the following structures contains the highest concentration...
If the ratio of glucose in the renal artery is much more than its...
The following table illustrates the concentration of some substances...
Select the correct matching of the following concentrations of Urea in...
Select the correct matching of the following concentrations of...
Constipation is the accumulation of stool in the colon. It is...
Which is correct about the glomerular filtrate?
Decreased urine volumes are found in…..
…….. is considered as the biggest gland in the body that...
The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of...
If you know that the kidneys remove excess H+ ions from the body and...
In amoeba excretion takes place through the process of.......
What would increase the glomerular filtration rate?
What is the direct effect that takes place if you are sweating...
Disappearance of blood capillaries surrounding the renal tubules will...
One of the following conditions is not going to happen on putting your...
The glomerular filtrate differs from blood plasma in that the...
How is kidney function related to blood pressure? All answers are...
Since there is no excretion of fat in sweat or urine, therefore fat is...
All of the following have a diuretic effect except ....... has an...
If sebaceous glands fail to work, one of the following will not happen...
The excretory system regulates the blood volume by …….
Among the following excretory substances, which is the least toxic...
Ammonia is formed by the kidney from .....
Ethanol found in beer and alcoholic beverage is excreted by ......
The amount of urine output per day by a normal human being is ......
In the diagram below, the renal cortex extends into the medulla...
Which of the following is not a method of removing water from the...
Which of the following correctly describes the correlation between the...
Which of the following is part of more than one organ system?
Which of the following structures of the skin is not confirmed to be...
On examining a urine sample for a person, it is noticed an increase in...
The graph below expresses amount of water lost by the body in...
Complete the equation to demonstrate the process of deamination: ...
Ammonia is generally excreted through which of the following organs?
Which of the following graphs represents the change in concentration...
After protein digestion, the product is transported from the...
Which form of the following excretory products is for the adaptation...
Fennec foxes and rabbits rely on their long ears to dissipate body...
Where does the body get rid of vitamin C that was absorbed from the...
A gradual accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood can lower the...
Why is deamination an important process in the human body?
Water soluble vitamins are excretes from the body through...
Which of the following correctly differentiates between the main roles...
During food digestion, some gases are released as waste products....
The blood capillaries bring ....... and excess water to the kidney.
The excess salts are removed from the body through the...
The following graph illustrates the concentration of urea in the blood...
Which of the following are the solid organs in the human body which...
What Happens to Your Body When You Don't Drink Enough Water?
Which of the following is an example of excretion in mammals?
What does your body do with excess fat soluble vitamins?
Which of the following compounds can most likely reflect the...
The following graph represents the rate of elimination of nitrogenous...
On examining a urine sample of a person, it is noticed an increase in...
Which of the following do not filtrate into Bowman's capsule?
Which of the following nutrients if they are eaten by a kidney failure...
The diagram provided shows a simplified outline of the ornithine cycle...
All of the following is not usually found in the urine of a healthy...
Which of the following is true for a patient with liver failure?
Which of the following exist in the kidney in a number less than the...
Which of the following structural units of the nephron will contain...
What is the structure in the kidney represented by label 1,2 & 3...
In Hydra and Amoeba, ammonia is the main nitrogenous waste. Lizards,...
After the glomerular filtrate leaves Bowman's capsule, the...
What ultimately happens to the urea produced in the ornithine cycle?
The following graph illustrates the concentration of urea in the blood...
The volume of urine was examined in a group of people during fasting...
Which of the following graphs represents the amount of expelled...
Which of the following compounds must be found in the purified liquid...
Presence of large amounts of mitochondria in the tubule cells of...
People with pre-existing kidney disease are not allowed to eat too...
An important function the liver has in the human body is to carry out...
Which of the following can be found in the glomerulus of a healthy...
Which of the following best explains excretion?
Excess amino acids in mammals undergo protein catabolism in the liver,...
The graph below expresses the concentration of urea in a person's...
Alert!

Advertisement