Chapter 22 : Facilitating Hygiene

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which is a natural oil that helps to lubricate the hair and scalp. This lubrication is essential for keeping the hair and scalp moisturized and preventing dryness and irritation. Sebum also helps to protect the hair from damage and breakage by providing a protective coating. Therefore, the correct answer is "Lubrication."

Pediculosis is the correct answer because it refers to the infestation of head lice. Dandruff is a condition characterized by flaking of the scalp, while alopecia refers to hair loss. Therefore, pediculosis is the most appropriate term for describing the infestation of head lice.

A complete bed bath refers to the process of washing the patient's entire body without any assistance from the patient. This means that the caregiver will be responsible for washing all areas of the body, including areas that are difficult for the patient to reach or areas that require extra care. This type of bath is typically performed for patients who are unable to bathe themselves due to physical limitations or medical conditions.

The perineum is the correct answer. The perineum is the area of the body located between the anus and the scrotum in males or between the anus and the vulva in females. It is a diamond-shaped region that contains various structures such as muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and the perineal body. The perineum plays an important role in supporting the pelvic organs and is involved in sexual function and childbirth.

The correct answer is Integumentary. Nails are made up of a hard protein called keratin and are an extension of the skin. They are considered part of the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails. The integumentary system is responsible for protecting the body from external threats, regulating body temperature, and providing sensory information.

Alopecia is the correct answer because it refers to hair loss caused by various physical conditions. It is a medical term used to describe the partial or complete loss of hair from the scalp or other parts of the body. Alopecia can be caused by factors such as hormonal imbalances, genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases, and certain medical treatments. It is important to note that alopecia can manifest in different forms, including alopecia areata (patchy hair loss), androgenetic alopecia (pattern baldness), and alopecia totalis (complete loss of scalp hair).

A partial bath refers to cleansing only specific areas of the body that may cause odor or discomfort, rather than bathing the entire body. This can include areas such as the underarms, groin, and feet. This practice is often recommended for individuals who are unable to take a full bath due to physical limitations or medical conditions. Therefore, the statement "Partial bath means cleanse only the areas that may cause odor or discomfort" is true.

Bath time is a relaxed and calm environment where individuals can focus and concentrate without distractions. Therefore, it is an ideal time to conduct assessments or evaluations as the individual's attention can be fully directed towards the task at hand. Additionally, the warm water and soothing environment of bath time can help individuals feel more comfortable and at ease, which can positively impact their performance during assessments.

When brushing the teeth of a patient, it is recommended to hold the brush at a 45-degree angle. This angle allows the bristles of the brush to effectively clean both the teeth and the gumline. Holding the brush at a 45-degree angle ensures that the bristles can reach the areas where plaque and bacteria tend to accumulate, promoting proper oral hygiene and preventing dental issues such as cavities and gum disease.

A podiatrist is a medical professional who specializes in the care and treatment of the feet. They diagnose and treat various foot conditions such as bunions, ingrown toenails, and foot deformities. They also provide advice on proper foot care, footwear, and preventive measures to maintain foot health. Therefore, the correct answer is Foot Care.

Excess shedding of the epidermal layer of the scalp is known as dandruff. Dandruff is a common condition characterized by the presence of white or yellow flakes on the scalp and hair. It is often accompanied by itching and can be caused by various factors such as dry skin, oily scalp, fungal infection, or sensitivity to hair care products. Treatment options for dandruff include using medicated shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, or selenium sulfide, as well as maintaining good scalp hygiene and avoiding triggers that worsen the condition.

Hair helps to maintain body temperature by acting as insulation. The hair on our body traps a layer of air close to the skin, which acts as a barrier against the external environment. This layer of trapped air helps to regulate body temperature by preventing heat loss in cold conditions and reducing heat absorption in hot conditions. Additionally, hair on the scalp can provide shade and protection from the sun, helping to regulate body temperature further.

A partial bath would be the appropriate choice if bathing is stressful to the patient. This option allows for the patient to be cleaned and refreshed without causing excessive stress or discomfort. It may involve cleaning specific areas of the body that are necessary for hygiene purposes, while avoiding areas that may be particularly sensitive or painful for the patient. This approach ensures that the patient's cleanliness and well-being are maintained while also taking into consideration their individual needs and comfort levels.

A bed bath is suitable for patients who are unable to leave their bed but can still bathe themselves. This means that they have the ability to clean their body while remaining in bed.

The correct answer is "Epithelial." The question is asking for the tissue that nails are composed of. Nails are made up of a tough, protective layer called the nail plate, which is primarily composed of keratin. This keratin is produced by specialized cells in the nail matrix, which is located at the base of the nail. The nail matrix is made up of epithelial tissue, which is the correct answer. Epidermis and dermis are also types of tissues, but they are not specifically involved in the composition of nails.

This statement is false. The given statement suggests that 90% of people with dementia enjoy bathing. However, it is not accurate to generalize this as enjoyment of bathing can vary greatly among individuals with dementia. Some individuals may find bathing to be a comforting and enjoyable experience, while others may experience anxiety, confusion, or resistance towards bathing due to their condition. Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that 90% of people with dementia enjoy bathing.

Oat meal and coal tar are commonly used in therapeutic baths. Therapeutic baths are a form of treatment that involves immersing the body in water containing various substances, such as oatmeal or coal tar, to provide therapeutic benefits. These baths can help soothe and heal skin conditions, relieve muscle aches and pains, and promote relaxation. Therefore, oat meal and coal tar are examples of substances used in therapeutic baths.

Vellus hair is a type of fine, short, and light-colored hair that covers most of the body, including the private areas. It is different from terminal hair, which is thicker and darker and is found on the scalp, eyebrows, and other parts of the body like the armpits and pubic region. Vellus hair serves various functions such as insulation and protection, and it is especially abundant in areas where terminal hair is absent or minimal, such as the face and limbs.

The correct answer is "Distal to Proximal." This means that when washing a patient's extremities, you should start from the farthest point (distal) and move towards the body (proximal). This method helps to prevent the spread of dirt, bacteria, or infection from the extremities to the rest of the body. Starting at the distal end ensures that any contaminants are washed away from the body rather than towards it.

Healthy nail beds are convex in shape. This means that they have a slightly rounded or curved surface, similar to the shape of a dome or the outside of a sphere. This is the natural and normal shape for a nail bed that indicates good overall nail health.

Bacterial growth and odor is the result of the combination of fatty acids, proteins, and nitrogenous waste. These components provide the necessary nutrients and energy for bacteria to grow and reproduce. Fatty acids serve as a source of carbon and energy, proteins provide essential amino acids for bacterial metabolism, and nitrogenous waste supplies additional nitrogen for cellular processes. Together, these substances create an environment conducive to bacterial growth and the production of odor-causing compounds.

A "help bath" refers to the assistance provided by a nurse to a patient in reaching and cleaning areas of their body that may be difficult for them to reach on their own. This type of bathing is often necessary for patients who have limited mobility or are unable to perform certain tasks independently. The nurse aids the patient in maintaining their personal hygiene and ensures that all areas are properly cleaned and cared for.

A chair bath is not a type of bath because it does not involve the use of water. In a towel bath, the person is wiped with a towel soaked in warm water, while in a bag bath, the person is cleaned using pre-moistened disposable washcloths. A shower bath involves standing under a showerhead to wash the body, and a tub bath involves soaking the body in a bathtub filled with water. However, a chair bath refers to a method of bathing where the person is seated on a chair and cleaned using a basin or sponge, without the use of water.

The female perineum is the area between the anus and the vulva. The vulva refers to the external genitalia of the female, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Therefore, the correct answer is Vulva.

Terminal hair refers to the thick, coarse, and pigmented hair found on the scalp, eyebrows, axillae, perineum, and legs. This type of hair is usually longer and more deeply rooted in the hair follicles compared to other types of hair. Terminal hair is influenced by hormones and typically develops during puberty. It serves various functions such as providing insulation, protection, and sensory perception.