Endocrine System Quiz Chapter 14

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  • 1/58 Questions

    Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

    • Secretes releasing hormones
    • Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
    • Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
    • Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH
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About This Quiz

Hello and welcome to another wonderful quiz on the inner workings of the human body, where today we’ll be taking a look at the endocrine system – the system in the body whereby hormones are secreted into the circulatory system and used to regulate the function of certain organs. .

Endocrine System Quiz Chapter 14 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    T3, T4, and calcitonin are

    • Secreted by the thyroid gland.

    • Secreted by the parathyroid glands.

    • Secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium.

    • Steroids.

    Correct Answer
    A. Secreted by the thyroid gland.
    Explanation
    T3, T4, and calcitonin are hormones that are secreted by the thyroid gland. These hormones play important roles in regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones that help control the body's metabolism, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. The parathyroid glands, on the other hand, secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which is responsible for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels. Therefore, the correct answer is that T3, T4, and calcitonin are secreted by the thyroid gland.

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  • 3. 

    Insulin and glucagon

    • Are secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.

    • Elevate blood glucose.

    • Are secreted in response to declining plasma levels of glucose.

    • Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.

    Correct Answer
    A. Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.
    Explanation
    Insulin and glucagon are hormones that are secreted by the pancreas and are involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are high and it helps to lower blood glucose by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. On the other hand, glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are low and it helps to increase blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is that insulin and glucagon are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.

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  • 4. 

    The islets of Langerhans

    • Are cells found in the adenohypophysis.

    • Secrete insulin and glucagon.

    • Secrete steroids.

    • Secrete releasing hormones.

    Correct Answer
    A. Secrete insulin and glucagon.
    Explanation
    The islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells found in the pancreas. These cells, known as alpha and beta cells, secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon helps increase blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is that the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon.

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  • 5. 

    Steroids

    • Are secreted by the adrenal medulla.

    • Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

    • Stimulate the membranes of the target cells to produce the second chemical messenger, cAMP.

    • Are secreted by the pancreas.

    Correct Answer
    A. Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
    Explanation
    The given answer is correct because it accurately states that steroids include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Steroids are a class of hormones that are produced naturally in the body by the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a role in regulating metabolism and inflammation. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male characteristics. Therefore, the statement that steroids include these three types of hormones is accurate.

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  • 6. 

    The adrenal medulla

    • Is controlled primarily by ACTH.

    • Secretes steroids.

    • Is part of the “fight-or-flight” response.

    • Secretes iodine-containing hormones.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is part of the “fight-or-flight” response.
    Explanation
    The adrenal medulla is part of the "fight-or-flight" response. This is because it is responsible for the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that are released during times of stress or danger. These hormones help to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels, preparing the body to either fight or flee from a threatening situation.

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  • 7. 

    Iodine containing hormones

    • Include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

    • Are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones.

    • Are steroids.

    • Regulate metabolic rate.

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulate metabolic rate.
    Explanation
    Iodine containing hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), are secreted by the hypothalamus as releasing hormones. These hormones are not steroids, but they do play a crucial role in regulating the metabolic rate.

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  • 8. 

    Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

    • Are secreted by the neurohypophysis.

    • Are mineralocorticoids.

    • Are secreted by the islets of Langerhans.

    • Stimulate the kidney to excrete Na+ and water.

    Correct Answer
    A. Are secreted by the neurohypophysis.
    Explanation
    ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the neurohypophysis, which is the posterior part of the pituitary gland. The neurohypophysis is responsible for storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus. ADH, also known as vasopressin, helps regulate the body's water balance by decreasing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Oxytocin plays a role in various reproductive functions, including uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Therefore, the correct answer is that ADH and oxytocin are secreted by the neurohypophysis.

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  • 9. 

    Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the

    • Neurohypophysis.

    • Pancreas.

    • Anterior pituitary gland.

    • Posterior pituitary gland.

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior pituitary gland.
    Explanation
    Portal capillaries are a specialized network of blood vessels that connect two sets of capillaries without passing through the heart. In this case, portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the anterior pituitary gland. These releasing hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus and travel through the portal capillaries to the anterior pituitary gland, where they stimulate the release of other hormones into the bloodstream. This communication between the brain and the anterior pituitary gland is essential for regulating various bodily functions.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

    • Secretion of calcitonin

    • Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

    • Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH

    • Secretion of PTH

    Correct Answer
    A. Secretion of PTH
    Explanation
    Low plasma levels of calcium stimulate the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels in the blood. It promotes the release of calcium from bones, enhances reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and stimulates the production of activated vitamin D, which increases calcium absorption in the intestines. Therefore, secretion of PTH is the appropriate response to low plasma levels of calcium.

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  • 11. 

    What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

    • Low plasma levels of calcium

    • High plasma levels of potassium

    • High plasma levels of glucose

    • Low blood volume

    Correct Answer
    A. High plasma levels of glucose
    Explanation
    High plasma levels of glucose serve as a stimulus for the release of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. When glucose levels in the blood rise, such as after a meal, the pancreas detects this increase and releases insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells. Insulin promotes the storage of glucose in liver and muscle cells, and also signals cells to increase their uptake of glucose from the bloodstream, thereby reducing blood sugar levels.

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  • 12. 

    The adenohypophysis

    • Secretes ADH and oxytocin

    • Refers to the anterior pituitart gland

    • Secretes releasing hormones

    • Secretes glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and anrogens

    Correct Answer
    A. Refers to the anterior pituitart gland
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "refers to the anterior pituitary gland." The term "adenohypophysis" is another name for the anterior pituitary gland, which is a part of the brain that secretes various hormones.

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  • 13. 

    This gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone.

    • Neurohypophysis

    • Pancreas

    • Adrenal medulla

    • Anterior pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurohypophysis
    Explanation
    The neurohypophysis is not the correct answer because it does not secrete TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone. The correct answer is the anterior pituitary gland, as it is responsible for secreting these hormones.

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  • 14. 

    The adrenal cortex

    • Is the target gland of ACTH

    • Secretes catecholamines

    • Is an extension of the sympathetic nervous system

    • Secretes ADH and oxytocin

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the target gland of ACTH
    Explanation
    The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland and is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. Therefore, the adrenal cortex is the target gland of ACTH.

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  • 15. 

    This gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex."

    • Adrenal cortex

    • Pancreas

    • Parathyroid gland

    • Neurohypophysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Adrenal cortex
    Explanation
    The adrenal cortex is the correct answer because it is responsible for producing hormones that regulate sugar, salt, and sex. It produces aldosterone, which helps regulate salt and water balance in the body, and cortisol, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, the adrenal cortex produces small amounts of sex hormones, including estrogen and testosterone.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

    • Catecholamines

    • Epinephrine and norepinephrine

    • Fight or flight

    • Sugar, salt, and sex

    Correct Answer
    A. Sugar, salt, and sex
    Explanation
    The adrenal medulla is primarily responsible for producing and releasing catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are involved in the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for stressful situations. On the other hand, sugar, salt, and sex are not directly associated with the adrenal medulla's function. While hormones like aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens are produced in the adrenal cortex and are involved in regulating salt balance, blood sugar levels, and sex hormone production, they are not specifically associated with the adrenal medulla.

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  • 17. 

    Catecholamines

    • Include cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone

    • Are secreted by the adrenal cortex

    • Lower plasma glucose

    • Include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
    Explanation
    Catecholamines refer to a group of hormones that include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. These hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla, not the adrenal cortex. Catecholamines have various physiological effects, such as increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Therefore, the correct answer is that catecholamines include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.

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  • 18. 

    Enlargement of the thyroid gland

    • Is called a goiter

    • Causes addisonian crisis

    • Makes the person appear cuhingoid

    • Causes hypocalcemic tetany

    Correct Answer
    A. Is called a goiter
    Explanation
    Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goiter. A goiter is a condition where the thyroid gland becomes abnormally large, often causing swelling in the neck. This can be caused by various factors such as iodine deficiency, inflammation, or certain medical conditions. It is important to note that a goiter itself does not directly cause addisonian crisis, Cushingoid appearance, or hypocalcemic tetany, as these are separate medical conditions with their own causes and symptoms.

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  • 19. 

    "Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of

    • ACTH, TSH, somatotropic hormone

    • Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone

    • Epinephrine, norepinephrine, estrogen

    • Insulin, glucagon, cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone
    Explanation
    The phrase "sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. These hormones are all involved in regulating various bodily functions related to metabolism, fluid balance, and sexual development and function. Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels and metabolism, aldosterone helps regulate salt and water balance in the body, and testosterone is a sex hormone involved in male sexual development and function. Therefore, the given answer is correct.

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  • 20. 

    Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

    • Are hypothalamic releasing hormones

    • Are secreted by the adenohypophysis

    • Increase blood glucose

    • Are hormones

    Correct Answer
    A. Are hormones
    Explanation
    The given correct answer for this question is "are hormones". This means that insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin are all classified as hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by various glands in the body and are responsible for regulating different functions and processes. In this case, insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin are all hormones that play important roles in regulating blood glucose levels, metabolism, stress response, and reproductive functions.

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  • 21. 

    Lactogenic hormone

    • Is also called oxytocin

    • Is a gonadotropin

    • Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk

    • Exerts its greatest effect on the gonads

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk
    Explanation
    The lactogenic hormone, also known as oxytocin, stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. This hormone plays a crucial role in the lactation process by triggering the release of milk from the mammary glands. It acts on the smooth muscles of the mammary glands, causing them to contract and push the milk into the ducts. This allows for the secretion and expression of milk, which is essential for breastfeeding and nourishing the newborn.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?

    • ACTH

    • ADH

    • Growth hormone

    • Prolactin

    Correct Answer
    A. ADH
    Explanation
    ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone. Instead, it is controlled by the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal tract. ADH is released in response to increased osmolality or decreased blood volume, and it acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output and helping to maintain fluid balance in the body. The hypothalamic-releasing hormones, on the other hand, regulate the release of pituitary hormones such as ACTH, growth hormone, and prolactin.

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  • 23. 

    Growth hormone

    • Is secreted by the adenohypophysis

    • Stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system

    • Is also called somatotropic hormone

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The growth hormone is secreted by the adenohypophysis, which is a gland in the brain. This hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones and muscles. Additionally, the growth hormone is also known as the somatotropic hormone. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the options are correct.

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  • 24. 

    Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

    • Are feminizing hormones

    • Induce virilization

    • Are secreted by the gonads

    • Are secreted by the adenohypophysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Are secreted by the gonads
    Explanation
    Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are secreted by the gonads, which are the reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs or sperm. These hormones play a crucial role in sexual development and function. Estrogen and progesterone are primarily produced by the ovaries in females, while testosterone is mainly produced by the testes in males. These hormones are involved in regulating secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and menstruation in females, and facial hair growth and deepening of the voice in males.

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  • 25. 

    Testosterone is best described as

    • Virilizing

    • Lactogenic

    • Adenohypophyseal

    • Pancreatic

    Correct Answer
    A. Virilizing
    Explanation
    Testosterone is best described as virilizing because it is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It promotes the growth of facial and body hair, deepens the voice, and contributes to muscle and bone development. It also plays a role in the regulation of libido and mood. Therefore, the term "virilizing" accurately describes the effects and functions of testosterone in the male body.

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  • 26. 

    Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

    • Are both secreted by the parathyroid glands

    • Increase plasma levels of calcium

    • Decrease plasma levels of calcium

    • Control plasma levels of calium

    Correct Answer
    A. Control plasma levels of calium
    Explanation
    Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are both secreted by the parathyroid glands and play a crucial role in controlling plasma levels of calcium. Calcitonin helps to decrease plasma levels of calcium by inhibiting the release of calcium from bones and promoting its excretion by the kidneys. On the other hand, parathyroid hormone increases plasma levels of calcium by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and reducing its excretion by the kidneys. Together, these hormones work to maintain the balance of calcium in the body, ensuring its proper functioning.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal hypothalamic portal capillaries?

    • Gonadotropins

    • Releasing hormones

    • Catecholamines

    • Mineralocorticoids

    Correct Answer
    A. Releasing hormones
    Explanation
    Releasing hormones are found within the hypophyseal hypothalamic portal capillaries. These hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and are responsible for stimulating the release of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. They travel through the portal system to reach the anterior pituitary, where they bind to specific receptors and trigger the release of hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH).

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  • 28. 

    A deficiency of insulin causes

    • Hypocalcemia

    • Hyperglycemia

    • Cushing's syndrome

    • Adrenal shock

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperglycemia
    Explanation
    A deficiency of insulin causes hyperglycemia because insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. When there is not enough insulin in the body, glucose cannot enter the cells effectively, leading to an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream. This results in high blood sugar levels, which is known as hyperglycemia.

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  • 29. 

    Oxytocin

    • Is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.

    • Is a gonadotropin.

    • Stimulates the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and water, thereby expanding blood volume.

    • Is a mineralocorticoid.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.
    Explanation
    Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in childbirth by promoting contractions of the uterus. It helps to initiate and maintain labor, as well as regulate the intensity and frequency of contractions. Oxytocin also plays a role in bonding and social behavior, as it is released during breastfeeding and promotes maternal-infant attachment.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?

    • Second chemical messenger

    • Catecholamine that contributes to the "fight or flight" response

    • Steroid

    • Releasing hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Second chemical messenger
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "second chemical messenger" because cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that acts as a secondary messenger in many biological processes. It is produced in response to the activation of G-protein coupled receptors and plays a crucial role in signal transduction, relaying the message from the primary messenger (such as a hormone or neurotransmitter) to intracellular targets, ultimately leading to various cellular responses.

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  • 31. 

    TSH

    • Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin

    • I secreted by the neurohypophysis

    • Stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone

    • Is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
    Explanation
    TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin.

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  • 32. 

    The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is

    • Glucagon

    • Insulin

    • Epinephrine

    • Cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulin
    Explanation
    Insulin is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. It is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released into the bloodstream, signaling cells to take in glucose and use it for energy or store it for later use. Insulin also inhibits the liver from producing more glucose. Therefore, insulin helps to maintain blood glucose within a normal range and prevents it from getting too high. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, on the other hand, have the opposite effect and increase blood glucose levels.

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  • 33. 

    PTH

    • Lowers plasma calcium

    • Stimulates osteoclastic activity

    • Is an iodine containing hormone

    • Stimulates osteoblastic activity and causes blood calcium to increase

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulates osteoclastic activity
    Explanation
    PTH, or parathyroid hormone, is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It stimulates osteoclastic activity, which is the process of breaking down bone tissue. By doing so, PTH releases calcium from the bones into the bloodstream, increasing plasma calcium levels. This helps maintain calcium homeostasis in the body.

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  • 34. 

    Insulin

    • Is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

    • Is secreted by the liver

    • Raises blood glucose

    • Is released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels

    Correct Answer
    A. Is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
    Explanation
    Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin helps to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. Therefore, the statement that insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans is correct.

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  • 35. 

    ACTH stimulates the

    • Hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

    • Adenohypophysis to secrete cortisol.

    • Adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

    • Adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon.

    Correct Answer
    A. Adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
    Explanation
    ACTH, or adrenocorticotropic hormone, is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. When ACTH binds to receptors in the adrenal cortex, it triggers the release of cortisol. Therefore, the correct answer is that ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

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  • 36. 

    The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

    • Cerebral lateralization

    • Circadian thythm

    • Cellular differentiation

    • Negative feedback control

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative feedback control
    Explanation
    The interaction described in the question is known as negative feedback control. In this process, the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland inhibits the further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. This creates a feedback loop where the initial hormone (cortisol) suppresses the secretion of the hormone that stimulated its release (ACTH), resulting in a self-regulatory mechanism to maintain hormone levels within a normal range.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

    • Progesterone

    • Testosterone

    • Estrogen

    • Aldosterone

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone
    Explanation
    Testosterone is an androgen because it is a male sex hormone that plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is responsible for the growth and maintenance of male characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. Unlike progesterone, estrogen, and aldosterone, which have different functions in the body, testosterone specifically acts as an androgen.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

    • It causes the excretion of calcium in the urine

    • It stimulates osteoblastic activity to form bone

    • It stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin

    • It increases plasma levels of calcium

    Correct Answer
    A. It increases plasma levels of calcium
    Explanation
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for increasing the levels of calcium in the blood plasma. It does so by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones, increasing the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and reducing the excretion of calcium through urine. This helps to maintain the balance of calcium in the body, as calcium is essential for various physiological functions such as muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and bone health.

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  • 39. 

    Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all

    • Thyroid hormone–deficiency diseases.

    • Thyroid hormone disorders due to oversecretion of thyroxine.

    • Calcium imbalances due primarily to the lack of calcitonin.

    • Disorders of thyroid gland function.

    Correct Answer
    A. Disorders of thyroid gland function.
    Explanation
    Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all conditions that affect the function of the thyroid gland. Cretinism is a congenital form of hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism that occurs in adults. Graves' disease, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the overproduction of thyroid hormones. Therefore, all three conditions are related to the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, making "disorders of thyroid gland function" the correct answer.

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  • 40. 

    Hypocalcemic tetany

    • Causes a flaccid paralysis

    • Resembles neuromuscular blockade by curare

    • May be caused by a deficiency of PTH

    • I due to a deficiency of insulin

    Correct Answer
    A. May be caused by a deficiency of PTH
    Explanation
    Hypocalcemic tetany is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood, which can lead to muscle spasms and twitching. One possible cause of hypocalcemic tetany is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body, so a deficiency of this hormone can result in low calcium levels and the symptoms of tetany. Insulin deficiency, on the other hand, is not associated with hypocalcemic tetany.

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  • 41. 

    The neurohypophysis

    • Is the anterior pituitary gland

    • Secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins

    • Secretes the releasing hormones

    • Is the poterior pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the poterior pituitary gland
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is the posterior pituitary gland." The neurohypophysis refers to the posterior pituitary gland, which is responsible for storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus. This gland secretes hormones such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are involved in various physiological processes including childbirth, milk production, and water balance.

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  • 42. 

    What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

    • High blood pressure

    • Low level of potassium in the blood

    • Low blood volume an hypotension

    • Goiter formation

    Correct Answer
    A. Low blood volume an hypotension
    Explanation
    A deficiency of aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, would likely result in low blood volume and hypotension. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by promoting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, which helps to maintain blood volume. Without enough aldosterone, there would be decreased sodium and water reabsorption, leading to a decrease in blood volume and subsequent low blood pressure.

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  • 43. 

    This gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms

    • Pancreas

    • Adenohypophysis

    • Pineal gland

    • Adrenal gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Pineal gland
    Explanation
    The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone that regulates our biological rhythms, including sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin is produced in response to darkness and helps to synchronize our internal body clock with the external environment. This gland is located deep within the brain and plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, such as sleep, mood, and reproductive functions.

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  • 44. 

    The person with _______________ is most likely to receive insulin therapy

    • Myxedema

    • Graves' disease

    • Diabetes insipidus

    • Hyperglycemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperglycemia
    Explanation
    The person with hyperglycemia is most likely to receive insulin therapy because hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Insulin therapy is commonly used to regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes, including those with hyperglycemia. Insulin helps to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, thus reducing the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Therefore, individuals with hyperglycemia would benefit from insulin therapy to help manage their condition.

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  • 45. 

    The hypersecretion of this hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia

    • Cortisol

    • Growth hormone

    • Insulin

    • Epinephrine (adrenalin)

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulin
    Explanation
    Insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells. Hypersecretion of insulin would result in increased uptake of glucose, leading to lower blood sugar levels and hypoglycemia, rather than hyperglycemia. Therefore, insulin is least likely to cause hyperglycemia.

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

    • Hypocalcemia

    • Hyperglycemia

    • Dehydration

    • Elevated plasma calcium

    Correct Answer
    A. Elevated plasma calcium
    Explanation
    Elevated plasma calcium levels are most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin. Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. When plasma calcium levels are high, calcitonin is released to inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the blood. This helps to lower blood calcium levels and maintain homeostasis.

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  • 47. 

    Ketoacidosis is most related to

    • Adrenal cortical insufficiency

    • Cushing's syndrome

    • Excess fatty acid catabolism

    • Hyperglycemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Excess fatty acid catabolism
    Explanation
    Ketoacidosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of ketones in the blood. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fatty acids for energy in the absence of glucose. Therefore, excess fatty acid catabolism is the most related to ketoacidosis as it leads to the increased production of ketones. Adrenal cortical insufficiency and Cushing's syndrome are conditions related to hormonal imbalances, while hyperglycemia is high blood sugar levels and not directly related to the production of ketones.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following is characterized by low blood volume?

    • Cushing's syndrome

    • Tetany

    • Diabetes insipidus

    • Oversecretion of ACTH

    Correct Answer
    A. Diabetes insipidus
    Explanation
    Diabetes insipidus is characterized by low blood volume because it is a condition that affects the body's ability to regulate water levels. In diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to properly reabsorb water, leading to excessive urination and dehydration. This results in a decrease in blood volume, as the body is losing more water than it should. Therefore, diabetes insipidus is associated with low blood volume.

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  • 49. 

    Bronzing

    • Always accompanies hyperglycemia

    • Is the most prominent symptom of Cushing's syndrome

    • Is characterized of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)

    • Is a consequence of ADH insufficiency

    Correct Answer
    A. Is characterized of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)
    Explanation
    Bronzing is a characteristic symptom of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease. This condition occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. The lack of these hormones can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation of the skin, known as bronzing. Therefore, the given answer is correct as it accurately describes the association between bronzing and chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jun 10, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Lerner99

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