Endocrine System Practice Test Questions And Answers

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  • 1/126 Questions

    Gonads in males?

    • Testes
    • Ovaries
    • Penis
    • Fallopian tube
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About This Quiz

How well do you know about the endocrine system and the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands? Just answer these practice test questions given in this quiz and analyze whether you really know about the anatomy of the endocrine system or not. In this scored quiz, you'll be asked questions related to the thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic, adrenal, and other important See moreendocrine glands. If you think you can score high here in this quiz, play the quiz then.

Endocrine System Practice Test Questions And Answers - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Gonads in females?

    • Testes

    • Ovaries

    • Penis

    • Fallopian tube

    Correct Answer
    A. Ovaries
    Explanation
    The question asks about the gonads in females. The correct answer is ovaries. Gonads are reproductive organs that produce gametes (eggs or sperm) and hormones. In females, the ovaries are the primary gonads responsible for producing eggs (ova) and female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Testes are the male gonads responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones. Penis is a male external reproductive organ, and the fallopian tube is a part of the female reproductive system but not a gonad.

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  • 3. 

    This is used to decrease fluid volume, demeclocycline, vasopressin antagonists, intravenous hypertonic solution of sodium chloride. This is to treatment of Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), that has high levels of ADH with water retention, that is related to disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

    • Antihypertensive

    • Antibiotics

    • Antiviral

    • Diuretics

    Correct Answer
    A. Diuretics
    Explanation
    Diuretics are medications used to decrease fluid volume in the body. In the context of the given information about Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), diuretics can help to reduce water retention caused by high levels of ADH. By increasing urine production, diuretics promote the excretion of excess water from the body, thereby helping to restore fluid balance. Therefore, diuretics are an appropriate treatment option for SIADH.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

    • Pituitary

    • Thyroid

    • Pancreas

    • Gonads

    Correct Answer
    A. Pancreas
    Explanation
    The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It functions as an exocrine gland by producing and releasing digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. Additionally, it acts as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting hormones such as insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels. This dual function makes the pancreas unique among the options provided, as the pituitary, thyroid, and gonads primarily function as endocrine glands.

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  • 5. 

    This produces the steroid sex hormones?

    • Pituitary

    • Thyroid

    • Pancreas

    • Gonads

    Correct Answer
    A. Gonads
    Explanation
    The gonads, which include the testes in males and ovaries in females, are responsible for producing the steroid sex hormones. These hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, play a crucial role in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics, as well as the reproductive system. The pituitary gland, thyroid, and pancreas are involved in hormone production but not specifically the steroid sex hormones.

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  • 6. 

    What are the treatment of Pituitary Dwarfism, where growth is delayed or is very slow and occurs before ossification of bone cartilages?

    • Surgery

    • Radiation

    • Dostinex

    • GH (Somatropin~$100,000/yr)

    Correct Answer
    A. GH (Somatropin~$100,000/yr)
    Explanation
    The correct answer is GH (Somatropin~$100,000/yr). Pituitary Dwarfism is a condition characterized by delayed or slow growth, which occurs before the ossification of bone cartilages. GH (Growth Hormone) therapy with Somatropin is commonly used to treat this condition. Somatropin is a synthetic form of the growth hormone that stimulates growth and development in children with growth hormone deficiency. However, it is an expensive treatment, costing around $100,000 per year. Surgery and radiation may be used in certain cases, but GH therapy is the primary treatment for Pituitary Dwarfism.

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  • 7. 

    Mineralocorticoids is what kind of hormone?

    • Sex hormones

    • Aldosterone (salt) 

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Aldosterone (salt) 
    Explanation
    Mineralocorticoids are a type of hormone that regulates the balance of salt and water in the body. Aldosterone, which is mentioned in the answer, is a specific mineralocorticoid hormone that is responsible for maintaining the balance of sodium and potassium ions in the blood and controlling blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is "Aldosterone (salt)".

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  • 8. 

    What are the risk factors to the development of Thyroid cancer?

    • Exposure to biochemical waste.

    • Exposure to nonionizing radiation.

    • Exposure to ionizing radiation.

    • Exposure to sunlight.

    Correct Answer
    A. Exposure to ionizing radiation.
    Explanation
    Exposure to ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for the development of thyroid cancer. Ionizing radiation, such as that from medical imaging procedures like CT scans or radiation therapy, can damage the DNA in cells, leading to the development of cancer. Other risk factors for thyroid cancer include a family history of the disease, certain genetic conditions, and a history of goiter or thyroid nodules. However, exposure to biochemical waste, nonionizing radiation, and sunlight are not established risk factors for thyroid cancer.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is known as the master gland?

    • Thyroid gland

    • Anterior pituitary

    • Posterior lobe

    • Pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Pituitary gland
    Explanation
    The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases several hormones that stimulate or inhibit the production of hormones in other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and reproductive glands. The pituitary gland also plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, reproduction, and development. Therefore, it is considered the master gland due to its control over the endocrine system.

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  • 10. 

    Is a lifelong hormone replacement necessary if both adrenal glands are removed?

    • Adrenalectomy

    • Thyroidectomy

    • Andenodectomy

    • Hypophysectomy

    Correct Answer
    A. Adrenalectomy
    Explanation
    Adrenalectomy refers to the surgical removal of both adrenal glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions. Without the adrenal glands, the body will no longer be able to produce essential hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. Therefore, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is necessary after adrenalectomy to ensure the body receives the necessary hormones for normal functioning.

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  • 11. 

    The level of hormone in the blood is regulated by the homeostasis mechanism is known as?

    • Negative feedback

    • Positive feedback

    • Neutral feedback

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative feedback
    Explanation
    The level of hormone in the blood is regulated by the homeostasis mechanism known as negative feedback. In negative feedback, the body detects a change in hormone levels and activates mechanisms to counteract and bring the levels back to the desired range. This helps maintain a stable internal environment and prevents excessive hormone production or suppression. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies the initial change and does not contribute to maintaining homeostasis. Neutral feedback and none of the above are not valid mechanisms of hormone regulation.

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  • 12. 

    What are the treatment for Pheochromocytoma, which are tumors of chromaffin tissues in adrenal medulla?

    • Fludrocortisone

    • Increased sodium in diet

    • Removal of tumors by Thyroidectomy

    • Removal of tumors by adrenalectomy

    Correct Answer
    A. Removal of tumors by adrenalectomy
    Explanation
    Adrenalectomy is the surgical removal of the adrenal glands, which is the most effective treatment for Pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that develops in the adrenal medulla, and removing the tumor through adrenalectomy helps eliminate the source of excess production of catecholamines, which are responsible for the symptoms associated with Pheochromocytoma. Fludrocortisone is a medication used to treat adrenal insufficiency and does not directly address the tumor. Increased sodium in the diet may help manage symptoms but does not treat the underlying tumor. Thyroidectomy involves the removal of the thyroid gland and is not a treatment for Pheochromocytoma.

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  • 13. 

    Catecholamines hormone includes which hormones?

    • Adrenocorticoids

    • Epinephrine

    • Norepinephrine

    • Corticosteroids

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Epinephrine
    A. Norepinephrine
    Explanation
    Catecholamines are a class of hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones play a crucial role in the body's response to stress, regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Adrenocorticoids and corticosteroids, on the other hand, are different types of hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex and have different functions. Therefore, the correct answer is epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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  • 14. 

    What are the hormones that posterior lobe in the pituitary gland release or produce?

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (TSH)

    • Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH)

    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    • Oxytocin

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH)
    A. Oxytocin
    Explanation
    The hormones that the posterior lobe in the pituitary gland releases or produces are antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by reducing the amount of water excreted by the kidneys. Oxytocin is involved in various reproductive functions, such as stimulating contractions during childbirth and promoting the release of breast milk.

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  • 15. 

    What action is correct regarding use of Thyroid hormones?

    • Increase metabolic rate: increase tissue oxygen consumption, body temperature, heart and respiratory rate, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism.

    • Decrease metabolic rate: increase tissue oxygen consumption, body temperature, heart and respiratory rate, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism.

    • Increase metabolic rate: decrease tissue oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism.

    • Increase metabolic rate: increase tissue oxygen consumption, and carbohydrate metabolism only.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increase metabolic rate: increase tissue oxygen consumption, body temperature, heart and respiratory rate, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism.
    Explanation
    Increasing the metabolic rate with the use of thyroid hormones leads to an increase in various physiological processes such as tissue oxygen consumption, body temperature, heart and respiratory rate, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism. This means that the body will utilize more oxygen, produce more heat, have a higher heart and respiratory rate, pump more blood, and metabolize carbohydrates at a faster rate. These effects are consistent with the role of thyroid hormones in regulating metabolism and energy production in the body.

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  • 16. 

    Which Vitamin is activated by Parathyroid Gland and is needed for PTH to work?

    • Vitamin D

    • Vitamin K

    • Vitamin B6

    • Vitamin B12

    Correct Answer
    A. Vitamin D
    Explanation
    The parathyroid gland activates Vitamin D, which is needed for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) to work effectively. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, which is essential for bone health and other physiological processes. PTH stimulates the production of active Vitamin D in the kidneys, allowing it to perform its functions such as promoting calcium absorption from the intestines and reabsorption from the kidneys. Therefore, Vitamin D is necessary for PTH to carry out its role in maintaining proper calcium balance in the body.

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  • 17. 

    Idiopathic or disruption of hypothalamus and pituitary gland, that is related to disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

    • Neurogenic

    • Nephrogenic

    • Hepagenic

    • Acrogenic

    Correct Answer
    A. Neurogenic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Neurogenic." Neurogenic refers to a condition or disorder that originates in the nervous system. In the context of the question, it suggests that the disruption or idiopathic condition affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is neurologically based. This could imply that there is a problem with the nerve signals or function in these areas, leading to disorders of the posterior pituitary gland.

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  • 18. 

    This manifestation of Hypothyroidism is chronic, usually untreated hypothyroid state in adults, and there is an accumulation of nonpitting edema in connective tissues throughout body?

    • Myxedema

    • Myxedema coma

    • Endemic Cretinism 

    • Thyroid Cancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Myxedema
    Explanation
    Myxedema is the correct answer because it refers to a chronic, untreated hypothyroid state in adults. It is characterized by the accumulation of nonpitting edema in connective tissues throughout the body. Myxedema coma is a severe form of myxedema, but it is not mentioned in the question. Endemic Cretinism refers to a congenital form of hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer is unrelated to the symptoms described in the question.

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  • 19. 

    What are the function of Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH)?

    • Regulation of urinary output.

    • Inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in the uterus.

    • Role in blood pressure regulation.

    • Promotion of milk secretion from the mammary glands.

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Regulation of urinary output.
    A. Role in blood pressure regulation.
    Explanation
    Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, plays a crucial role in regulating urinary output. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine production and preventing dehydration. Additionally, ADH also has a role in regulating blood pressure. It acts on blood vessels, causing them to constrict, which helps to increase blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer choices, "Regulation of urinary output" and "Role in blood pressure regulation," accurately describe the functions of ADH.

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  • 20. 

    What statements about Thyroid Gland is correct?

    • Anterior to upper part of trachea and inferior to larynx.

    • Inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in the uterus.

    • Posterior to lower part of trachea and inferior to larynx.

    • Maintains metabolic rate, growth and development of all tissues.

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Anterior to upper part of trachea and inferior to larynx.
    A. Maintains metabolic rate, growth and development of all tissues.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Anterior to upper part of trachea and inferior to larynx" and "Maintains metabolic rate, growth and development of all tissues." The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of the neck, just below the larynx. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism and is involved in the growth and development of all tissues in the body.

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  • 21. 

    This manifestation of Hypothyroidism is life-threatening complication of long-standing, untreated hypothyroidism usually occurs in older adults, patients extremely sensitive to opioids, and mortality rate is high (50%)?

    • Myxedema

    • Myxedema coma

    • Endemic Cretinism 

    • Thyroid Cancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Myxedema coma
    Explanation
    Myxedema coma is a life-threatening complication of long-standing, untreated hypothyroidism. It typically occurs in older adults and patients who are extremely sensitive to opioids. The mortality rate for myxedema coma is high, around 50%. This condition is characterized by severe hypothyroidism leading to a decreased level of consciousness, hypothermia, respiratory depression, and other organ dysfunction. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to prevent further deterioration and improve outcomes for patients with myxedema coma.

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  • 22. 

    Which statement about Positive Chvostek’s sign is correct?

    • This includes abdominal cramping, dry skin, thin hair, brittle nails, nausea and vomiting.

    • This includes continuous muscle spasms if calcium is 6 mg/dL, and paresthesia of lips, hands, feet.

    • This includes facial spasms from tapping on facial nerve in front of the ear.

    • This includes carpal spasms R/T blood flow occlusion to arm, get elbow/wrist flexion.

    Correct Answer
    A. This includes facial spasms from tapping on facial nerve in front of the ear.
    Explanation
    Positive Chvostek's sign refers to facial spasms that occur when the facial nerve is tapped in front of the ear. This sign is indicative of hypocalcemia, which is characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. The other options mentioned in the question are not related to Chvostek's sign or hypocalcemia. Abdominal cramping, dry skin, thin hair, brittle nails, nausea and vomiting are symptoms of other conditions. Continuous muscle spasms and paresthesia of lips, hands, and feet are also symptoms of hypocalcemia but are not specific to Chvostek's sign. Carpal spasms due to blood flow occlusion to the arm are not associated with Chvostek's sign.

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  • 23. 

    Gonadocorticoids is what kind of hormone?

    • Sex hormones

    • Aldosterone (salt) 

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Sex hormones
    Explanation
    Gonadocorticoids are a type of hormone that belongs to the category of sex hormones. These hormones are produced by the gonads, which are the reproductive organs such as the testes in males and ovaries in females. Gonadocorticoids play a role in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics, as well as in the reproductive functions of males and females. Therefore, the correct answer is sex hormones.

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  • 24. 

    What are the functions of Oxytocin hormone?

    • Regulation of urinary output.

    • Inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in the uterus.

    • Promotion of milk secretion from the mammary glands.

    • Role in blood pressure regulation.

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Inducement of labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in the uterus.
    A. Promotion of milk secretion from the mammary glands.
    Explanation
    Oxytocin hormone plays a crucial role in inducing labor in pregnant women by stimulating contractions in the uterus. It also promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands.

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  • 25. 

    Also known as neurohypophysis, that stores and releases antidiuretic hormone ADH and oxytocin?

    • Thyroid gland

    • Anterior pituitary

    • Posterior lobe

    • Pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Posterior lobe
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the posterior lobe. The posterior lobe, also known as the neurohypophysis, is a part of the pituitary gland. It stores and releases two important hormones, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Oxytocin is involved in various reproductive functions, including the stimulation of uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding. Therefore, the posterior lobe is responsible for storing and releasing these hormones.

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  • 26. 

    Renal tubules not sensitive to ADH, that is related to disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

    • Neurogenic

    • Nephrogenic

    • Hepagenic

    • Acrogenic

    Correct Answer
    A. Nephrogenic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Nephrogenic." Nephrogenic refers to disorders or conditions that affect the kidneys, particularly the renal tubules, which are not sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and helps regulate water balance in the body. When the renal tubules are not responsive to ADH, it can result in impaired water reabsorption and lead to excessive urination and dehydration.

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  • 27. 

    What is the most common type of Hypothyroidism?

    • Primary hypothyroidism

    • Secondary hypothyroidism

    • Tertiary hypothyroidism

    • General hypothyroidism

    Correct Answer
    A. Primary hypothyroidism
    Explanation
    Primary hypothyroidism is the most common type of hypothyroidism. It occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. This can be caused by various factors such as an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, or certain medications. Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). It is important to diagnose and treat primary hypothyroidism to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

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  • 28. 

    Which statement about Positive Trousseau’s sign is correct?

    • This includes abdominal cramping, dry skin, thin hair, brittle nails, nausea and vomiting.

    • This includes continuous muscle spasms if calcium is 6 mg/dL, and paresthesia of lips, hands, feet.

    • This includes facial spasms from tapping on facial nerve in front of the ear.

    • This includes carpal spasms R/T blood flow occlusion to arm, get elbow/wrist flexion.

    Correct Answer
    A. This includes carpal spasms R/T blood flow occlusion to arm, get elbow/wrist flexion.
    Explanation
    Positive Trousseau's sign refers to carpal spasms that occur due to the occlusion of blood flow to the arm. To test for this sign, pressure is applied to the brachial artery with a blood pressure cuff, causing ischemia. If carpal spasms occur during this maneuver, it indicates a positive Trousseau's sign. The recommended action to elicit this sign is to flex the elbow and wrist, which further restricts blood flow to the arm. This explanation accurately describes the correct statement about Positive Trousseau's sign.

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  • 29. 

    What is known as adenohypophysis and is characterized as the glandular tissue?

    • Thyroid gland

    • Anterior pituitary

    • Posterior lobe

    • Pituitary gland

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterior pituitary
    Explanation
    The anterior pituitary is known as adenohypophysis and is characterized as the glandular tissue. It is a part of the pituitary gland, which is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The anterior pituitary specifically secretes hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, among others.

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  • 30. 

    What hormone does Parathyroid Gland release or produce?

    • Thyroid hormone (T4, T3)

    • Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH)

    • Parathormone (PTH)

    • Calcitonin

    Correct Answer
    A. Parathormone (PTH)
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Parathormone (PTH). The parathyroid gland releases or produces parathormone, which helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. It increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion in the kidneys. PTH also plays a role in vitamin D activation, which is essential for calcium absorption.

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  • 31. 

    What cell types does pancreas have?

    • Gamma cells

    • P cells

    • Pancreastatin

    • Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

    Correct Answer
    A. Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
    Explanation
    The pancreas has various cell types, including pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). These islets are responsible for producing and releasing important hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. The other cell types mentioned, such as gamma cells, P cells, and pancreastatin, are not specific cell types found in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans).

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  • 32. 

    Which inner part of the adrenal gland is not controlled by hypothalamus?

    • Adrenal medulla

    • External cortex

    • Adrenal cortex

    • External adrenea

    Correct Answer
    A. Adrenal medulla
    Explanation
    The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland that is not controlled by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex, which is the outer part of the adrenal gland. However, the adrenal medulla is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, not the hypothalamus. It releases hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress or danger, helping to prepare the body for a fight-or-flight response.

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  • 33. 

    What is the outer part of the adrenal gland, that is controlled by hypothalamus & anterior pituitary, and functions under negative feedback system called?

    • Adrenal medulla

    • External cortex

    • External adrenea

    • Adrenal cortex

    Correct Answer
    A. Adrenal cortex
    Explanation
    The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland that is controlled by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. It functions under a negative feedback system, which means that when the levels of certain hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are high, they inhibit the release of these hormones. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones.

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  • 34. 

    What are the treatment of Acromegaly, where symptoms are irreversible even with treatment? (Select all that apply.)

    • Surgical removal or irradiation of pituitary tumor (transsphenoidal surgery)

    • Indomethacin

    • Dostinex

    • Growth hormone receptor antagonists: (somatostatin receptor binding drugs: Sandostatin)

    • Radiation therapy

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Surgical removal or irradiation of pituitary tumor (transsphenoidal surgery)
    A. Growth hormone receptor antagonists: (somatostatin receptor binding drugs: Sandostatin)
    A. Radiation therapy
    Explanation
    The treatment options for Acromegaly, where symptoms are irreversible even with treatment, include surgical removal or irradiation of the pituitary tumor (transsphenoidal surgery), growth hormone receptor antagonists (such as somatostatin receptor binding drugs like Sandostatin), and radiation therapy. These interventions aim to either remove or reduce the size of the tumor, inhibit the production or action of growth hormone, or target the tumor cells with radiation to control the symptoms of Acromegaly. These treatments can help manage the condition and alleviate some of the symptoms, even in cases where the symptoms are irreversible.

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  • 35. 

    What are the disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland, that includes ADH (vasopressin) which regulates water excretion by kidneys? (Select all that apply.)

    • Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

    • CHF

    • Diabetes insipidus 

    • Diabetes mellitus

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
    A. Diabetes insipidus 
    Explanation
    The disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland that include ADH (vasopressin) which regulates water excretion by kidneys are Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) and Diabetes insipidus. SIADH is a condition where the body releases too much ADH, leading to excessive water retention and dilution of sodium levels in the blood. Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand, is a condition where the body doesn't produce enough ADH or the kidneys don't respond properly to it, resulting in excessive thirst and urination. CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) and Diabetes mellitus are not disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland.

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  • 36. 

    What are the diagnosis procedures done for Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), that has high levels of ADH with water retention, that is related to disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland? (Select all that apply.)

    • Urine culture

    • Urine osmolality

    • Urine specific gravity

    • Serum osmolality

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Urine osmolality
    A. Serum osmolality
    Explanation
    The diagnosis procedures done for Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), which is characterized by high levels of ADH and water retention, and is related to disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland, include measuring urine osmolality and serum osmolality. Urine osmolality is used to assess the concentration of solutes in the urine, while serum osmolality measures the concentration of solutes in the blood. Both of these tests can help determine if there is an imbalance in ADH secretion and water retention.

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  • 37. 

    This type of Hypothyroidism includes Pituitary TSH deficiency or peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones?

    • Primary hypothyroidism

    • Secondary hypothyroidism

    • Tertiary hypothyroidism

    • General hypothyroidism

    Correct Answer
    A. Secondary hypothyroidism
    Explanation
    Secondary hypothyroidism refers to a condition where the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormones due to a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. In this type of hypothyroidism, the pituitary gland fails to produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce hormones. As a result, the thyroid gland does not receive the necessary signals to produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a deficiency. This is different from primary hypothyroidism, where the problem lies directly with the thyroid gland itself.

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  • 38. 

    What are treatments of Endemic Cretinism that is usually confused with Down’s Syndrome specifically protruding tongue? (Select all that apply.)

    • Screening

    • Artificial tears

    • Acetaminophen for fever (NO ASPIRIN)

    • Levothyroxine

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Screening
    A. Levothyroxine
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Screening and Levothyroxine. Screening is important in identifying individuals with Endemic Cretinism who may be mistakenly diagnosed with Down's Syndrome due to the presence of a protruding tongue. Levothyroxine is a common treatment for Endemic Cretinism, as it helps to replace the deficient thyroid hormone in the body. The other options, artificial tears and acetaminophen for fever, are not specific treatments for Endemic Cretinism.

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  • 39. 

    This is necessary for TH synthesis and secretion?

    • Starch

    • Steroids

    • Iodine

    • Cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Iodine
    Explanation
    Iodine is necessary for TH (thyroid hormone) synthesis and secretion. The thyroid gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to various thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or goiter. Therefore, iodine is essential for the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.

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  • 40. 

    What are the hormones that anterior pituitary release or produce?

    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (TSH)

    • Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (ADH)

    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

    • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    • Oxytocin

    • Luteinizing hormone (LH)

    • Growth hormone (GH)

    • Prolactin

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (TSH)
    A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    A. Growth hormone (GH)
    A. Prolactin
    Explanation
    The anterior pituitary gland releases or produces several hormones including Thyroid-stimulating hormone or thyrotropin (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Growth hormone (GH), and Prolactin. These hormones play important roles in regulating various physiological processes in the body. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, FSH and LH regulate the reproductive system, GH promotes growth and development, and Prolactin stimulates milk production in the breasts.

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  • 41. 

    Which statement about Tetany is correct?

    • This includes abdominal cramping, dry skin, thin hair, brittle nails, nausea and vomiting.

    • This includes continuous muscle spasms if calcium is 6 mg/dL, and paresthesia of lips, hands, feet.

    • This includes facial spasms from tapping on facial nerve in front of the ear.

    • This includes carpal spasms R/T blood flow occlusion to arm, get elbow/wrist flexion.

    Correct Answer
    A. This includes continuous muscle spasms if calcium is 6 mg/dL, and paresthesia of lips, hands, feet.
    Explanation
    The correct answer states that Tetany includes continuous muscle spasms if calcium is 6 mg/dL, and paresthesia of lips, hands, feet. This is an accurate statement because Tetany is a condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms, which can occur when the levels of calcium in the blood drop too low. Paresthesia, which is a sensation of tingling or numbness, is also commonly experienced in the lips, hands, and feet in cases of Tetany.

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  • 42. 

    What are common nursing diagnosis related to disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland? (Select all that apply.)

    • Deficient Fluid Volume

    • Disturbed body image

    • Activity Intolerance

    • Impaired Skin Integrity (Risk)

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Disturbed body image
    A. Activity Intolerance
    Explanation
    Common nursing diagnoses related to disorders of the anterior pituitary gland include disturbed body image and activity intolerance. Disturbed body image may be present due to changes in physical appearance caused by hormonal imbalances. Activity intolerance may occur as a result of decreased energy levels and physical limitations associated with the disorder. Deficient fluid volume and impaired skin integrity are not directly related to disorders of the anterior pituitary gland.

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  • 43. 

    What are the manifestations for patients with the disorders of the Adrenal Gland? (Select all that apply.)

    • Easily bruised

    • Poor tolerance of stress

    • Lethargy, weakness

    • Poor wound healing

    • Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

    • Hyperpigmentation of skin

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Poor tolerance of stress
    A. Lethargy, weakness
    A. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
    A. Hyperpigmentation of skin
    Explanation
    The manifestations for patients with disorders of the Adrenal Gland include poor tolerance of stress, lethargy, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. These symptoms are commonly seen in conditions such as adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease, where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. Poor stress tolerance and lethargy/weakness are a result of low cortisol levels, while anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can be caused by electrolyte imbalances. Hyperpigmentation of the skin occurs due to increased production of melanin, a hormone regulated by the adrenal glands.

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  • 44. 

    What are the hormones that Adrenal Cortex release or produce?

    • Gonadocorticoids

    • Catecholamines

    • Mineralocorticoids

    • Norepinephrine

    • Epinephrine

    • Steroid hormones

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Catecholamines
    A. Norepinephrine
    A. Epinephrine
    Explanation
    The hormones that the Adrenal Cortex releases or produces are Catecholamines, Norepinephrine, and Epinephrine.

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  • 45. 

    With Hypothyroidism, this autoimmune process that damages the thyroid and blocks thyroid hormone production, it is the most common cause of goiter or hypothyroidism, and the antibodies destroy thyroid tissue?

    • Thyrotoxicosis

    • Thyroid Storm

    • Graves disease

    • Hashimoto's thyroiditis 

    Correct Answer
    A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 
    Explanation
    Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage. This results in decreased production of thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism. The antibodies produced in this condition target and destroy the thyroid tissue, causing goiter and further impairing thyroid hormone production. Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm are conditions characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones, which is the opposite of what occurs in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Graves disease is another autoimmune disorder, but it causes overproduction of thyroid hormones and is not associated with goiter or hypothyroidism.

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  • 46. 

    Which statements about Hyperfunction related to disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland? (Select all that apply.)

    • Excess production, secretion of one or more trophic hormones.

    • Deficiency in one or more hormones.

    • Benign adenoma most common.

    • Deficient production, secretion of one or more trophic hormones.

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Excess production, secretion of one or more trophic hormones.
    A. Benign adenoma most common.
    Explanation
    Hyperfunction related to disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland can lead to excess production and secretion of one or more trophic hormones. This means that the gland is producing and releasing these hormones in abnormally high amounts. Additionally, a benign adenoma is the most common type of tumor associated with disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland. This tumor can cause hyperfunction by disrupting the normal function of the gland and leading to excessive hormone production.

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  • 47. 

    Glucocorticoids includes which hormones?

    • Cortisol

    • Adrenocorticoids

    • Cortisone (sex)

    • Corticosteroids

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Cortisol
    A. Cortisone (sex)
    Explanation
    Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal glands. They have various functions in the body, including regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, and suppressing the immune system. Cortisol and cortisone (sex) are both examples of glucocorticoids. Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid hormone in humans and plays a crucial role in regulating stress responses and maintaining homeostasis. Cortisone (sex) is a less well-known glucocorticoid that is involved in the regulation of sexual development and function. Therefore, the correct answer includes both cortisol and cortisone (sex).

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  • 48. 

    Steroid hormones includes which hormones?

    • Cortisol

    • Adrenocorticoids

    • Cortisone (sex)

    • Corticosteroids

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Adrenocorticoids
    A. Corticosteroids
    Explanation
    Steroid hormones include adrenocorticoids and corticosteroids. Adrenocorticoids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, such as cortisol, which regulates metabolism and immune response. Corticosteroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of natural corticosteroids, and they are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response. Cortisone, on the other hand, is a type of corticosteroid that is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the correct answer includes adrenocorticoids and corticosteroids.

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  • 49. 

    What are the manifestations related to disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland? (Select all that apply.)

    • Hypopituitarism

    • Gigantism

    • Pituitary Dwarfism

    • Acromegaly

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Gigantism
    A. Acromegaly
    Explanation
    The manifestations related to disorders of the Anterior pituitary gland include Gigantism and Acromegaly. Gigantism is a condition that occurs when there is excessive growth hormone production during childhood, leading to abnormal growth and an individual becoming abnormally tall. Acromegaly, on the other hand, is a condition that occurs when there is excessive growth hormone production during adulthood, leading to enlargement of bones, tissues, and organs. Both conditions are caused by an overactive anterior pituitary gland.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
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  • Jan 31, 2022
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