1.
The ___________________________ gave rise to a intellectual movement—the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thought provided the philosophical foundations for the American Revolution.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
2.
Britain lost its colonies in North America to the newly formed __________________, while Spain and Portugal held onto their profitable Latin American colonies.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
3.
Sixteenth-century Europeans began to question the scientific assumptions of the ancient authorities and to develop new theories about the ___________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
4.
Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei revolutionized ____________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
5.
Copernicus claimed that the sun, not the earth, was at the center of the universe—an idea considered heresy by the __________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
6.
Equally revolutionary were Isaac Newton's explanations of ____________________.
A. 
Of philosophy and reason in improving society.
B. 
Gravity and the movement of the planets.
C. 
D. 
7.
There were breakthroughs in medicine and chemistry, and numerous women contributed to the body of ___________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
8.
The new view of the universe affected ____________ philosophy.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
9.
The Frenchman ____________, the first rationalist, declared that matter could be independently investigated by reason.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
10.
Francis Bacon, an English philosopher, developed the scientific method—a system for collecting and analyzing evidence.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
11.
The desire for a more spiritual experience inspired new religious movements, such as the ___________________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
12.
The Scientific Revolution gave rise to the_______________, an eighteenth-century movement that stressed the role of philosophy and reason in improving society.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
13.
Enlightenment intellectuals, known as philosophes, were chiefly social reformers from the nobility and the __________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
14.
They often met in the salons of the upper classes to discuss the ideas of such giants as _________________________________________.
A. 
Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart .
B. 
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft.
C. 
Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei.
D. 
Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot.
15.
In the economic sphere, ___________ put forth the doctrine of laissez-faire economics.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
16.
The later Enlightenment produced social thinkers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and an early advocate of women's rights, ______________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
17.
__________ gatherings, along with the growth of book and magazine publishing, helped spread Enlightenment ideas among a broad audience.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
18.
Most Europeans were still Christians.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
19.
The desire for a more spiritual experience inspired new religious movements, such as the __________________.
A. 
Constitution of John Wesley
B. 
Christians of John Wesley
C. 
D. 
20.
The Enlightenment influenced both ___________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
21.
The baroque and _________ styles of art endured, while a more delicate style, called rococo, emerged.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
22.
The works of Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart represented one of the greatest periods in The works of Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart represented one of the greatest periods in ___________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
23.
Novels attracted a middle-class audience. Novels
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
24.
The Enlightenment interested the absolutist rulers of ___________.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
25.
______________, attempted far-reaching reforms based on Enlightenment ideas; they were largely a failure.
A. 
Mary Wollstonecraft of France
B. 
C. 
Frederick the Great of Prussia
D. 
Catherine the Great of Russia