Ch7 Regaining Postural Stability And Balance
- 1.Balance is critical in dictating movement strategies within the ____ kinetic chain
- A.
Closed
- B.
Open
- 2.The position of the body in relation to gravity and its surroundings is sensed by combining _____, _____, and _____ inputs.
- A.
Visual
- B.
Vestibular (前庭の)
- C.
Somatosensory (体知覚の)
- D.
Afferent
- E.
Efferent
- 3.Balance movements also involve motions of the _____, _____, and _____ joints, which are controlledby the cordinated actions along the kinetic chain.
- A.
Ankle
- B.
Knee
- C.
Hip
- D.
Shoulder
- E.
Elbow
- F.
Neck
- G.
Wrist
- 4.Sensory organization
- A.
Determines timing, direction and amplitude of correction based on input
- B.
System relies on one sense at a time for orientation
- C.
For adults the somatosensory system is relied on primarily
- D.
Collection of processes that determine temporal sequencing and distribution of contractile activity
- 5.Muscle coordination
- A.
Collection of processes that determine temporal sequencing and distribution of contractile activity
- B.
Determines timing, direction and amplitude of correction based on input
- C.
System relies on one sense at a time for orientation
- D.
For adults the somatosensory system is relied on primarily
- 6.Somatosensory
- A.
Provides information concerning relative position of body parts to support surface and each other
- B.
Measures orientation of eyes and head in relation to surrounding objects
- C.
Role in maintenance of balance
- D.
Provides information dealing with gravitational, linear and angular accelerations of the head with respect to inertial space
- E.
Minor role when visual and somatosensory systems are operating correctly
- 7.Vision
- A.
Provides information concerning relative position of body parts to support surface and each other
- B.
Measures orientation of eyes and head in relation to surrounding objects
- C.
Role in maintenance of balance
- D.
Provides information dealing with gravitational, linear and angular accelerations of the head with respect to inertial space
- E.
Minor role when visual and somatosensory systems are operating correctly
- 8.Vestibular (前庭の)
- A.
Provides information dealing with gravitational, linear and angular accelerations of the head with respect to inertial space
- B.
Minor role when visual and somatosensory systems are operating correctly
- C.
Measures orientation of eyes and head in relation to surrounding objects
- D.
Role in maintenance of balance
- E.
Provides information concerning relative position of body parts to support surface and each other
- 9.Ankle Strategy
- A.
Shifts CoG by maintaining feet and rotating body at a rigid mass about the ankle joints
- B.
Gastrocnemius or tibialis anterior are responsible for torque production about ankle
- C.
Anterior/posterior sway is counteracted by gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, respectively
- D.
Effective for slow CoG movements when base of support is firm and within LOS
- E.
Also effective when CoG is offset from center
- F.
Relied upon more heavily when somatosensory loss occurs and forward/backward perturbations are imposed or support surface lengths are altered
- G.
Aids in control of motion through initiation of large and rapid motions at the hip with anti-phase rotation of ankle
- H.
Effective when CoG is near LOS perimeter and when LOS boundaries are contracted by narrower base of support
- 10.Hip Strategy
- A.
Effective when CoG is near LOS perimeter and when LOS boundaries are contracted by narrower base of support
- B.
Aids in control of motion through initiation of large and rapid motions at the hip with anti-phase rotation of ankle
- C.
Relied upon more heavily when somatosensory loss occurs and forward/backward perturbations are imposed or support surface lengths are altered
- D.
Shifts CoG by maintaining feet and rotating body at a rigid mass about the ankle joints
- E.
Gastrocnemius or tibialis anterior are responsible for torque production about ankle
- F.
Anterior/posterior sway is counteracted by gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, respectively
- G.
Effective for slow CoG movements when base of support is firm and within LOS
- H.
Also effective when CoG is offset from center
- 11.Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
- A.
Utilizes three stances
- B.
Double, single, tandem on both firm and foam surfaces
- C.
Athletes are instructed to remain motionless with hands on hips for 20 seconds
- D.
Unnecessary movements and correction of body position are counted as ‘errors’ (max score = 10)
- E.
Results are best utilized if compared to baseline data
- F.
Functional reach tests
- G.
Timed agility tests
- H.
Carioca
- I.
Hop test
- J.
Bass test for dynamic balance
- K.
Timed T-band kicks
- L.
Timed balance beam walks (eyes open and closed)
- 12.-Ability to keep body as motionless as possible -Measure of postural sway
- A.
Steadiness
- B.
Symmetry
- C.
Dynamic stability
- D.
Utilization of external perturbation
- E.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- F.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- G.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- 13.-Ability to distribute weight evenly between 2 feet in upright stance -Measures center of pressure, center of balance and center of force
- A.
Symmetry
- B.
Dynamic stability
- C.
Utilization of external perturbation
- D.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- E.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- F.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- G.
Steadiness
- 14.-Ability to transfer vertical projection of CoG around a stationary supporting base -Perception of safe limit of stability
- A.
Dynamic stability
- B.
Utilization of external perturbation
- C.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- D.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- E.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- F.
Steadiness
- G.
Symmetry
- 15.-Some are systematic (sinusoidal) while others are unpredictable and determined via changes in subject sway
- A.
Utilization of external perturbation
- B.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- C.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- D.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- E.
Steadiness
- F.
Symmetry
- G.
Dynamic stability
- 16.-Center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface -Calculated from horizontal moment and vertical force data through a triaxial force platform
- A.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- B.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- C.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- D.
Steadiness
- E.
Symmetry
- F.
Dynamic stability
- G.
Utilization of external perturbation
- 17.-Point between feet where the ball and heel of each foot has 25% of the body weight (Chattecx Balance System) -Relative weight positioning
- A.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- B.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- C.
Steadiness
- D.
Symmetry
- E.
Dynamic stability
- F.
Utilization of external perturbation
- G.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- 18.-Center of vertical force exerted by the feet against the support surface (Neurocom’s Equitest)
- A.
Center of Vertical Force (CoF)
- B.
Steadiness
- C.
Symmetry
- D.
Dynamic stability
- E.
Utilization of external perturbation
- F.
Center of Pressure (CoP)
- G.
Center of Balance (CoB)
- 19.-CoG is maintained over a fixed base of support, on a stable surface
- A.
Static
- B.
Semi-dynamic
- C.
Dynamic
- D.
Functional
- 20.-Person maintains CoG over a fixed base of support while on a moving surface -Person transfers CoG over a fixed base of support to selected ranges and or directions within the LOS, while on a stable surface
- A.
Static
- B.
Semi-dynamic
- C.
Dynamic
- D.
Functional
- 21.-Maintenance of CoG within LOS over a moving base of support while on a stable surface (involve stepping strategy
- A.
Static
- B.
Semi-dynamic
- C.
Dynamic
- D.
Functional
- 22.-Same as dynamic with inclusion of sports specific task
- A.
Static
- B.
Semi-dynamic
- C.
Dynamic
- D.
Functional
- 23.Phase I
- A.
Non-ballistic types of drills
- B.
Static balance training
- C.
Bilateral to unilateral on both involved and uninvolved sides
- D.
Utilize multiple surfaces to safely challenge athlete and maintaining motivation
- E.
With and without arms/counterbalance
- F.
Eyes open and closed
- G.
Alterations in various sensory information
- H.
ATC can add perturbations
- I.
Incorporation of multiaxial devices
- J.
Train reflex stabilization and postural orientation
- K.
Transition from static to dynamic
- L.
Running, jumping and cutting – activities that require the athlete to repetitively lose and gain balance in order to perform activity
- M.
Incorporate when sufficient healing has occurred
- N.
Semi-dynamic exercised should be introduced in the transition
- O.
Involve displacement or perturbation of CoG
- P.
Bilateral, unilateral stances or weight transfers involved
- Q.
Sit-stand exercises, focus on postural
- R.
Dynamic and functional types of exercise
- S.
Slow to fast, low to high force, controlled to uncontrolled
- T.
Dependent on sport athlete is involved in
- U.
Start with bilateral jumping drills – straight plane jumping patterns
- V.
Advance to diagonal jumping patterns
- W.
Increase length and sequences of patterns
- X.
Progress to unilateral drills
- Y.
Pain and fatigue should not be much of a factor
- Z.
Can also add a vertical component to the drills
- .
Addition of implements
- .
Tubing, foam roll
- .
Final step = functional activity with subconscious dynamic control/balance
- 24.Phase II
- A.
Non-ballistic types of drills
- B.
Static balance training
- C.
Bilateral to unilateral on both involved and uninvolved sides
- D.
Utilize multiple surfaces to safely challenge athlete and maintaining motivation
- E.
With and without arms/counterbalance
- F.
Eyes open and closed
- G.
Alterations in various sensory information
- H.
ATC can add perturbations
- I.
Incorporation of multiaxial devices
- J.
Train reflex stabilization and postural orientation
- K.
Transition from static to dynamic
- L.
Running, jumping and cutting – activities that require the athlete to repetitively lose and gain balance in order to perform activity
- M.
Incorporate when sufficient healing has occurred
- N.
Semi-dynamic exercised should be introduced in the transition
- O.
Involve displacement or perturbation of CoG
- P.
Bilateral, unilateral stances or weight transfers involved
- Q.
Sit-stand exercises, focus on postural
- R.
Dynamic and functional types of exercise
- S.
Slow to fast, low to high force, controlled to uncontrolled
- T.
Dependent on sport athlete is involved in
- U.
Start with bilateral jumping drills – straight plane jumping patterns
- V.
Advance to diagonal jumping patterns
- W.
Increase length and sequences of patterns
- X.
Progress to unilateral drills
- Y.
Pain and fatigue should not be much of a factor
- Z.
Can also add a vertical component to the drills
- .
Addition of implements
- .
Tubing, foam roll
- .
Final step = functional activity with subconscious dynamic control/balance
- 25.Phase III
- A.
Non-ballistic types of drills
- B.
Static balance training
- C.
Bilateral to unilateral on both involved and uninvolved sides
- D.
Utilize multiple surfaces to safely challenge athlete and maintaining motivation
- E.
With and without arms/counterbalance
- F.
Eyes open and closed
- G.
Alterations in various sensory information
- H.
ATC can add perturbations
- I.
Incorporation of multiaxial devices
- J.
Train reflex stabilization and postural orientation
- K.
Transition from static to dynamic
- L.
Running, jumping and cutting – activities that require the athlete to repetitively lose and gain balance in order to perform activity
- M.
Incorporate when sufficient healing has occurred
- N.
Semi-dynamic exercised should be introduced in the transition
- O.
Involve displacement or perturbation of CoG
- P.
Bilateral, unilateral stances or weight transfers involved
- Q.
Sit-stand exercises, focus on postural
- R.
Dynamic and functional types of exercise
- S.
Slow to fast, low to high force, controlled to uncontrolled
- T.
Dependent on sport athlete is involved in
- U.
Start with bilateral jumping drills – straight plane jumping patterns
- V.
Advance to diagonal jumping patterns
- W.
Increase length and sequences of patterns
- X.
Progress to unilateral drills
- Y.
Pain and fatigue should not be much of a factor
- Z.
Can also add a vertical component to the drills
- .
Addition of implements
- .
Tubing, foam roll
- .
Final step = functional activity with subconscious dynamic control/balance
Back to top