Ethical Theories Quiz
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There are three theories that try to explain the moral principles that are expected from someone in a given situation and how human language can be judged to be right or wrong. The three ethical theories are either based on consequence, duty or community. How well do you understand the three theories? Take up the test below and get a good understanding of what is expected of you in some situations.
- 1.
- A.
They fit with much of our ordinary moral reasoning.
- B.
They focus on the nature of actions and the rules from which they follow
- C.
They ignore the consequences of actions.
- D.
All of these.
- E.
None of these.
- 2.
- A.
They fit with very little of our ordinary moral reasoning.
- B.
They focus on the nature of actions and the rules from which they follow
- C.
They pay close attention to the consequences of actions.
- D.
All of these.
- E.
None of these.
- 3.3. Utilitarianism is an example of which of the following ethical theories?
- A.
Virtue
- B.
Intuitionism
- C.
Deontological
- D.
Teleological
- E.
Egoism
- 4.4. Rights that are recognized and enforced as part of a legal system are, strictly speaking,:
- A.
Moral rights.
- B.
Legal rights.
- C.
Both moral and legal rights.
- D.
Neither moral nor legal rights.
- 5.5. The classical form of utilitarianism is expressed by which of the following?
- A.
An action is right if, and only if, it is done from the right intentions.
- B.
An action is right if, and only if, it produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for everyone.
- C.
An action is right if it brings about great benefit to some individual or another.
- D.
An action is right if, and only if, it is beneficial to society.
- E.
None of these.
- 6.Act-utilitarianism is characterized by:
- A.
. Evaluation of the rightness of an act by the consequences of that act.
- B.
Determination of the rightness of an act by appeal to a relevant rule of morality.
- C.
Both A and B
- D.
Neither A nor B.
- 7.7. John Stuart Mill holds which of the following views about justice?
- A.
Equal treatment is a presumptive right and no inequality of treatment is ever justified.
- B.
Equal treatment is not a presumptive right, and inequality of treatment is justified by the circumstances.
- C.
Equal treatment is not a presumptive right, but inequalityof treatment is difficult to justify.
- D.
Equal treatment is a presumptive right that requires any inequality of treatment to be justified.
- 8.8. According to Bentham and Mill, happiness is:
- A.
Pleasure.
- B.
The absence of pain.
- C.
Pleasure and the absence of pain.
- D.
Well-being.
- E.
None of these.
- 9.9. Bentham’s idea of a precise quantitative method for decision making is most fully realized in which of the following?
- A.
The cost-benefit analysis
- B.
The cost-effectiveness analysis
- C.
The maximization of pleasure
- D.
The maximization of profit
- E.
The minimization of cost
- 10.10. Which of the following are problems with calculating utility?
- A.
A vast amount of information is needed.
- B.
Interpersonal comparisons of utility raise the question of whether the utility calculus is even possible.
- C.
It is difficult to determine both the amount of utility for each affected individual and the amount of utility for the whole society.
- D.
All of these.
- E.
None of these.
- 11.11. Rights that involve claims on specific identifiable individuals are called:
- A.
Moral rights.
- B.
General rights.
- C.
Specific rights
- D.
Negative rights.
- E.
Legal rights.
- 12.12. Rights that entail an obligation on the part of others to refrain from acting in certain ways are called:
- A.
Moral rights.
- B.
General rights.
- C.
In personam rights.
- D.
Negative rights.
- E.
Legal rights.
- 13.13. Rights that impose obligations on others to provide us with some good are called:
- A.
In rem rights.
- B.
In personam rights.
- C.
Negative rights.
- D.
Positive rights.
- E.
Moral rights.
- 14.14. Which of the following deals with the distribution of benefits and burdens, mostly in the evaluation of social, political, and economic institutions?
- A.
Retributive justice
- B.
Compensatory justice
- C.
Distributive justice
- D.
All of these
- E.
None of these
- 15.15. Which of the following is concerned with the compensation of persons for wrongs done to them in voluntary relations such as contract breaches?
- A.
Retributive justice
- B.
Compensatory justice
- C.
Distributive justice
- D.
All of these
- E.
None of these
- 16.16. Which of the following involves the punishment of wrongdoers who have participated in involuntary relations such as criminal acts?
- A.
Retributive justice
- B.
Compensatory justice
- C.
Distributive justice
- D.
All of these
- E.
None of these
- 17.17. According to Jeremy Bentham, which of the following is true?
- A.
Utilitarianism places no value on equality and makes no allowance for justified unequal treatment.
- B.
Equal distributions generally produce more utility than unequal ones.
- C.
Both A and B.
- D.
Neither A nor B.
- 18.18. According to John Stuart Mill, which of the following is true?
- A.
Utilitarianism places no value on equality and makes no allowance for justified unequal treatment.
- B.
Equal distributions generally produce more utility than unequal ones.
- C.
Equality alone is not enough to account for justice, so another criterion, utility, becomes necessary
- D.
Both A and B.
- E.
Neither A nor B.
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