Unit 6 Exam Review

The correct answer is "An accident." This suggests that the explosion of The Maine was not intentional or caused by external forces such as Cuban terrorists, Spanish sabotage, or a devastating hurricane. Instead, it implies that the explosion was a result of an accidental event.

The correct answer is "Blacks moving North." The Great Migration refers to the movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North in the early 20th century. This mass migration was driven by factors such as racial segregation, economic opportunities, and the desire to escape violence and discrimination in the South. African Americans sought better job prospects, improved living conditions, and greater political and social freedoms in the North, leading to significant demographic and cultural changes in cities like Chicago, Detroit, and New York.

The Scopes trial was a famous court case that took place in 1925 in Tennessee. It involved a high school teacher named John Scopes who was charged with violating a state law that prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools. The trial was highly publicized and became a symbol of the clash between religious fundamentalism and modern scientific ideas. Ultimately, Scopes was found guilty and fined, but the trial helped to bring attention to the issue of teaching evolution in schools and the ongoing debate between science and religion.

Margaret Sanger is known for being a prominent advocate for birth control. She dedicated her life to promoting women's reproductive rights and fought for access to contraception. Sanger believed that women should have the right to control their own bodies and make informed decisions about their reproductive health. She founded the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood, and played a significant role in advancing the birth control movement in the United States. Sanger's work and activism laid the foundation for the modern birth control movement and has had a lasting impact on women's rights and healthcare.

Eleanor Roosevelt helped the president by taking political risks he could not take. This suggests that she was willing to take bold and potentially controversial actions on behalf of the president, which he may have been unable or unwilling to do himself. This could have included advocating for certain policies or making public statements that could have been politically risky for the president. By taking these risks, Eleanor Roosevelt likely played a crucial role in advancing the president's agenda and goals.

The greatest victory by radical progressives during the Wilson administration was the Revenue Act of 1916. This act was a significant achievement for progressive reformers as it introduced a progressive federal income tax system. It increased taxes on high-income individuals and corporations, aiming to redistribute wealth and reduce income inequality. The Revenue Act of 1916 was an important step towards implementing progressive economic policies and addressing social and economic disparities in the United States.

The term "Hundred Days" refers to the first three months of FDR's first term. This period was marked by a flurry of legislative activity, during which FDR implemented his New Deal policies to combat the Great Depression. FDR pushed through numerous bills and programs aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform, including the Emergency Banking Act, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Hundred Days period set the tone for FDR's presidency and demonstrated his commitment to taking bold action to address the country's economic crisis.

The battles of Coral Sea and Midway were significant turning points in the Pacific theater of World War II. These battles marked the first major defeats for the Japanese navy and halted their advances in the region. The Battle of Coral Sea, fought in May 1942, prevented the Japanese from capturing Port Moresby in New Guinea and threatened their plans to invade Australia. The Battle of Midway, fought in June 1942, resulted in a decisive victory for the U.S. forces and severely weakened the Japanese navy. These victories allowed the U.S. to regain the initiative and begin a counteroffensive against Japan.

Social Security was considered the "cornerstone" and "supreme achievement" of the New Deal according to FDR because it aimed to provide economic security for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled. It established a system of social insurance, where workers and employers contributed to a fund that would provide benefits to individuals in times of need. This program was seen as a major step towards creating a safety net for American citizens and addressing the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression.

In the 1920s, organized labor faced multiple challenges that weakened its power. The Red Scare, which was a period of intense anti-communist sentiment, led to the persecution of labor activists and unions. Welfare capitalism, a strategy adopted by some employers to provide benefits and improve working conditions in order to prevent unionization, also undermined the strength of organized labor. Additionally, "yellow dog" contracts, which were agreements that prohibited workers from joining unions, further weakened the labor movement. Therefore, all of the above factors contributed to the weakening of organized labor in the 1920s.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that all of the reasons mentioned - German science potential, the threat posed by Nazi forces, and the importance of the Atlantic - contributed to Germany taking priority in the fighting. These factors likely influenced the decision-makers to focus their efforts on combating Germany during the war.

Alfred Thayer Mahan is best known for his writings about the importance of sea power. He argued that a strong navy was crucial for a nation's success in international relations and for securing its economic interests. Mahan believed that control of the seas was necessary for a country to become a global power and that naval strength was essential for protecting trade routes, projecting military force, and ensuring national security. His ideas greatly influenced the naval strategies of many countries and shaped the course of world history.

The Harding administration attempted to reverse progressive reforms by implementing a combination of strategies. They reduced income taxes and raised tariffs, which favored businesses and protected American industries. Additionally, they followed pro-business policies, which aimed to stimulate economic growth and support private enterprise. Lastly, they appointed conservatives to the Supreme Court, which ensured a more conservative interpretation of the law and potentially limited the impact of progressive legislation. These actions collectively demonstrate the administration's efforts to overturn progressive reforms.

During the 1930s, the United States faced economic difficulties due to the Great Depression. As a result, many Americans became more focused on domestic issues and were less willing to get involved in international affairs. One of the major issues was the Allies' failure to repay their debts from World War I. This created a sense of resentment and frustration among Americans, leading to a desire for isolationism and a reluctance to engage with foreign countries. Additionally, the involvement with the League of Nations and World Court, business and investment interests overseas, and possessions in the Pacific were also factors contributing to isolationism during this time.

The correct answer is that Jane Addams, William James, and Andrew Carnegie all belonged to the Anti-Imperialist League. This can be inferred from the given options, as the other options do not align with their beliefs or actions. The Anti-Imperialist League was a group that opposed the United States' expansionist policies and advocated for non-intervention in foreign affairs.

The "new imperialism" of the 1890s especially stressed access to new markets. This refers to the economic motivation behind imperialism, where countries sought to expand their influence and control over foreign territories in order to gain access to new markets for their goods and resources. By establishing colonies or spheres of influence in other regions, imperial powers could exploit the resources and markets of these territories, leading to economic growth and increased profits. This emphasis on accessing new markets was a key driving force behind the expansionist policies of the time.

The correct answer is "Stir up popular support for reform." The muckrakers were a group of investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social problems in the early 20th century. Their reporting aimed to raise awareness and generate public support for reform. They used their writing to shed light on issues such as child labor, political corruption, and unsafe working conditions. Their work helped to bring about significant changes in laws and regulations, as well as public opinion, leading to reforms in areas such as labor rights, consumer protection, and government transparency.

The postwar Red Scare refers to a period in the United States after World War I when there was a fear and suspicion of communist and socialist ideologies. The answer "Bolsheviks, radicals, and aliens" aligns with this historical context. Bolsheviks were members of the Russian Communist Party, radicals were individuals who advocated for radical political and social change, and aliens refers to immigrants, particularly those from Eastern Europe, who were seen as potential threats to American society. All three groups were targeted during the Red Scare as potential subversives and threats to national security.

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement in the 1920s that primarily focused on African American art, literature, and music. Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, and Marcus Garvey were not associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen, on the other hand, were prominent figures of the movement and made significant contributions to African American literature during this time.

The National Industrial Recovery Act provided for codes of fair practices for industries, $3.3 billion in spending through the PWA, and the right of workers to form unions. This act aimed to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression by promoting fair competition, creating jobs through public works projects, and protecting workers' rights.

Theodore Roosevelt believed in the power of the executive branch to bring about domestic reforms. He used his authority as president to push for progressive policies and take direct action to address issues such as corporate monopolies, labor rights, and conservation. Through executive orders and executive actions, Roosevelt implemented reforms without relying solely on legislation or judicial decisions. He believed that the president should be an active agent of change and used his executive powers to achieve his goals.

The Supreme Court's decision in Smith v. Allwright outlawed the white primary. This means that the court ruled that it was unconstitutional to have a primary election that only allowed white voters to participate. This decision was an important step in the fight against racial discrimination and voter suppression, as it ensured that all citizens, regardless of race, had the right to participate in the political process and have their voices heard.

The correct answer is Japanese-Chinese clash at the Marco Polo Bridge. This event, which occurred on July 7, 1937, marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which eventually merged into World War II. The clash at the Marco Polo Bridge was a result of escalating tensions between Japan and China over territorial disputes in Manchuria. It led to a full-scale invasion of China by Japan and marked the start of a long and brutal conflict in Asia.

The "good neighbor policy" refers to the foreign policy approach adopted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt towards Latin America. This policy aimed to improve relations between the United States and its neighboring countries in the Western Hemisphere. It emphasized non-intervention and mutual respect, moving away from the previous interventionist policies of the United States in the region. This policy included measures such as the repeal of the Platt Amendment in Cuba, the recognition of the Mexican government, and the negotiation of trade agreements with various Latin American countries.

After Germany occupied Czechoslovakia, FDR no longer pretended to be neutral in the European war. This event likely prompted FDR to abandon his neutrality stance and take a more active role in the conflict.

Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt first met in Teheran. This meeting took place in 1943 during World War II and was known as the Teheran Conference. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the coordination of military efforts and the future of post-war Europe. This meeting was significant as it marked the first time that the "Big Three" leaders of the Allied powers came together to discuss important strategic decisions.

Upton Sinclair's novel, "The Jungle," aimed to promote socialism. The book exposed the harsh working conditions and exploitation of immigrant workers in the meatpacking industry. Sinclair believed that the capitalist system was inherently corrupt and that socialism was the solution to address the social and economic inequalities. Through his portrayal of the brutal realities of industrial capitalism, Sinclair sought to advocate for a socialist society where workers would have more rights and protections.

During World War I, propaganda and control of news about the war were advantages held by Great Britain. Great Britain had a well-developed propaganda machine that spread information favorable to their cause and suppressed any news that could be detrimental to their war efforts. They used various mediums such as newspapers, posters, and films to shape public opinion and maintain support for the war. This allowed them to control the narrative and present themselves in a positive light, giving them an advantage over their adversaries.

The correct answer is "Favored immigrants from northern and western Europe." This is because the immigration laws passed in 1921 and 1924 aimed to restrict immigration from certain regions, particularly southern and eastern Europe, while favoring immigrants from northern and western Europe. These laws were a response to the increasing fear and prejudice towards immigrants from certain regions, and sought to limit their entry into the United States.

The correct answer is "Started in 1920". This is because the question is asking about when the commercial radio industry began. The other options mentioned are not relevant to the question or do not accurately represent the beginning of the industry.

After World War I, the Senate defeated the Treaty of Versailles. This means that they rejected or voted against the treaty. The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that ended the war and placed blame on Germany, imposed reparations, and led to the creation of the League of Nations. The Senate's rejection of the treaty was significant because it prevented the United States from joining the League of Nations and had long-lasting implications for international relations.

The major American advocates of modernism lived in Europe because Europe was seen as the center of cultural and artistic innovation during the early 20th century. Many American artists and writers, such as Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein, moved to Europe to be part of the vibrant artistic communities in cities like Paris. They were drawn to the avant-garde movements and intellectual atmosphere that Europe offered, which greatly influenced their work and allowed them to connect with other like-minded individuals. Living in Europe also provided them with opportunities to exhibit and publish their work more easily, as well as access to European patrons and audiences.

William Randolph Hearst was a leading proponent of Yellow Journalism. Yellow Journalism refers to a type of journalism that is sensationalistic, exaggerated, and often biased. Hearst, as a newspaper publisher, played a significant role in popularizing this style of reporting. He used sensational headlines, exaggerated stories, and manipulated facts to attract readers and increase newspaper sales. Hearst's newspapers, such as the New York Journal, were known for their sensational and often inaccurate reporting, which contributed to the public's perception of the Spanish-American War and influenced public opinion on various issues.

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Calvin Coolidge is the correct answer because he was the one who actually said the quote, "The chief business of the American people is business." This statement reflects Coolidge's belief in the importance of a thriving economy and the role of business in driving economic growth. He was known for his pro-business policies and his emphasis on limited government intervention in the economy.

The correct answer is "Social Security" because it was not part of the first New Deal. The first New Deal, implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, included the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to protect bank deposits, the Tennessee Valley Authority to provide economic development in the Tennessee Valley region, and the National Industrial Recovery Act to regulate industry and promote fair labor practices. However, Social Security was not established until the second New Deal in 1935.

Municipally owned utilities and transportation systems are examples of socialism because they are owned and operated by the government, rather than by private individuals or corporations. In a socialist system, the government controls and manages key industries and services in order to promote the collective welfare of society. By owning and operating utilities and transportation systems, the government can ensure that these essential services are provided to all citizens in a fair and equitable manner, rather than being driven by profit motives.

Louis Brandeis, a key advisor to President Woodrow Wilson, advocated for aggressive antitrust action as part of Wilson's New Freedom agenda. This approach aimed to break up monopolies and promote competition in the economy. While Wilson's New Freedom also included other elements such as high tariffs and government regulation of monopolies, the focus of Brandeis' design was on antitrust action.

Alfred E. Smith's candidacy was important because it made Democrats of many people in big cities. This suggests that Smith's campaign was successful in attracting support from urban voters and increasing the Democratic Party's influence in urban areas.

The Revenue Act of 1942 greatly increased the number of income taxpayers. This means that more people were required to pay income taxes, which in turn generated more revenue for the government.

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 was an example of the effects of progressivism because it aimed to bring more efficiency and transparency to the federal government's budgeting and accounting processes. It established the Bureau of the Budget, which was tasked with preparing and analyzing the federal budget, as well as coordinating the budget requests of different government agencies. This act was part of a broader movement towards professionalizing and modernizing government operations during the progressive era.