Ch. 6, 7, 12 Quiz
Questions and Answers
- 1.
All of the following are part of the prokaryotic cell except
- A.
DNA
- B.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- C.
Cell wall
- D.
Ribosomes
- E.
Plasma membrane
Correct Answer
B. Endoplasmic reticulumExplanation
The endoplasmic reticulum is not part of a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not have a membrane-bound organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is found in eukaryotic cells and plays a role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. In prokaryotic cells, DNA is present, along with other structures like the cell wall, ribosomes, and plasma membrane.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which is the major reason that there are size limits on certain types of cells?
- A.
Differences between the plasma membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- B.
Longer cells usually have greater volume
- C.
The need for surface area sufficient to support cell's functions
- D.
Evolution of larger cells after smaller cells
- E.
Evolution of eukaryotes after prokaryotes
Correct Answer
C. The need for surface area sufficient to support cell's functionsExplanation
The major reason for size limits on certain types of cells is the need for surface area sufficient to support the cell's functions. As cells increase in size, their volume increases faster than their surface area. This can lead to a decreased surface area-to-volume ratio, making it more difficult for the cell to exchange nutrients, gases, and waste efficiently. Therefore, size limits are necessary to ensure that cells have enough surface area to adequately support their metabolic activities.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Tay-Sachs diseases is a genetic abnormality that results in the accumulation and clogging of cells with large, complex lipids. Which organelle must be involved in this condition?
- A.
Golgi apparatus
- B.
Membrane-bound ribosomes
- C.
Lysosome
- D.
Mitochondria
- E.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer
C. LysosomeExplanation
Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic abnormality that causes the accumulation and clogging of cells with large, complex lipids. The lysosome, a membrane-bound organelle, is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste, including lipids. In Tay-Sachs disease, a defect in the lysosomal enzymes leads to the buildup of lipids, causing the symptoms associated with the condition. Therefore, the lysosome must be involved in this condition.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which organelles are associated with energy transformation?
- A.
DNA & Golgi apparatus
- B.
Mitochondria & ribosomes
- C.
Chloroplasts & mitochondria
- D.
Plasma membrane & rough ER
Correct Answer
C. Chloroplasts & mitochondriaExplanation
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the organelles associated with energy transformation. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells and are responsible for cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP. Together, chloroplasts and mitochondria play a crucial role in energy conversion and are essential for the functioning of cells.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which organelles contain genetic information? (check all that apply)
- A.
Ribosomes
- B.
Golgi
- C.
Mitochondria
- D.
Chloroplasts
- E.
Nucleus
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplasts
E. NucleusExplanation
The organelles that contain genetic information are ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nucleus. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and contain RNA molecules that carry genetic information. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are involved in energy production and photosynthesis, respectively. The nucleus contains the majority of the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA, which carries instructions for cell function and development.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
- A.
It is rapid over long distances
- B.
It is a passive process, moving molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
- C.
It requires energy input
- D.
It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane
- E.
It is an active process, moving molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration
Correct Answer
B. It is a passive process, moving molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentrationExplanation
Diffusion is a passive process that involves the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. This process does not require energy input and does not involve integral proteins in the cell membrane. It occurs spontaneously and is driven by the random motion of molecules.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
- A.
Small & hydrophobic
- B.
Large polar
- C.
Ionic
- D.
Large & hydrophobic
- E.
Monosaccharides like glucose
Correct Answer
A. Small & hydrophobicExplanation
Small and hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily because the lipid bilayer of the membrane is made up of hydrophobic tails that repel water. This allows small and hydrophobic molecules to easily dissolve in the lipid bilayer and diffuse across the membrane. Large polar molecules, ionic molecules, and large hydrophobic molecules face more difficulty passing through the membrane due to their size or charge, and may require specific transport proteins or channels. Monosaccharides like glucose are small but polar, so they may require specific transport proteins to cross the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? (check all that apply)
- A.
Phospholipids
- B.
Nucleic acids
- C.
Cellulose
- D.
Proteins
- E.
Cholesterol
Correct Answer(s)
A. Phospholipids
D. ProteinsExplanation
The major structural components of the cell membrane are phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer that makes up the basic structure of the membrane, while proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and perform various functions such as transport, signaling, and cell adhesion. Nucleic acids, cellulose, and cholesterol are not major structural components of the cell membrane.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Integral membrane proteins are usually transmembrane proteins
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Integral membrane proteins are usually transmembrane proteins because they are embedded within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. These proteins have regions that span across the entire membrane, allowing them to interact with both the intracellular and extracellular environments. Transmembrane proteins play crucial roles in various cellular processes such as cell signaling, transport of molecules across the membrane, and cell adhesion. Therefore, it is accurate to say that integral membrane proteins are usually transmembrane proteins.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, in a volume equal to the blood lost, was injected directly into the patient's vein. What will be the likely outcome?
- A.
The patient's blood cells will shrivel because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cell
- B.
The patient's blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells
- C.
The patient's blood cells will shrivel because the blood fluid is hypertonic to the cells
- D.
The patient's blood cells will burst because the blood fluid is hypertonic to the cells
- E.
There will be no effect as long as the water was free of viruses & bacteria
Correct Answer
B. The patient's blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cellsExplanation
When distilled water, which is hypotonic compared to the cells, is injected into the patient's vein, it will cause the patient's blood cells to swell. This is because the concentration of solutes inside the cells is higher than that of the distilled water, causing water to move into the cells through osmosis. As a result, the cells will take in water and expand, leading to cell swelling.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Plant cells are usually in a hypotonic and animal cells are usually in a isotonic solution
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Plant cells are usually in a hypotonic solution because they have a rigid cell wall that prevents them from bursting when water enters the cell. The cell wall exerts an inward pressure on the cell membrane, creating a turgid state. On the other hand, animal cells are usually in an isotonic solution, meaning the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell is balanced. This allows for the free movement of water across the cell membrane without causing the cell to shrink or swell. Therefore, the statement that plant cells are usually in a hypotonic solution and animal cells are usually in an isotonic solution is true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
- A.
Receptor-mediated exocytosis
- B.
Exocytosis
- C.
Phagocytosis
- D.
Pinocytosis
- E.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
C. PhagocytosisExplanation
Phagocytosis is the process by which white blood cells engulf and ingest bacteria. This process involves the formation of pseudopodia, which surround and engulf the bacteria, forming a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome, where the bacteria are broken down and destroyed. Therefore, phagocytosis is the correct answer for this question.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?
- A.
Telophase
- B.
Prophase
- C.
Metaphase
- D.
Prometaphase
- E.
Anaphase
Correct Answer
B. ProphaseExplanation
During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This is the first phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope starts to break down, and the spindle fibers begin to form. The condensation of chromosomes allows for easier separation and distribution of genetic material during cell division.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Non-dividing cells are in which phase?
- A.
G2
- B.
G1
- C.
M
- D.
S
- E.
G0
Correct Answer
E. G0Explanation
Non-dividing cells are in the G0 phase. In this phase, cells are not actively dividing and are considered to be in a resting state. They may temporarily exit the cell cycle or enter a quiescent state where they can remain for an extended period of time. Cells in G0 can re-enter the cell cycle and start dividing again if they receive appropriate signals or stimuli.Rate this question:
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- 15.
DNA is replicated during which phase?
- A.
M
- B.
S
- C.
G2
- D.
G1
- E.
G0
Correct Answer
B. SExplanation
During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA is replicated. This phase occurs after the G1 phase and before the G2 phase. In the S phase, the DNA is duplicated to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information during cell division. This replication process is essential for cell growth and development.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The formation of the cell plate across the middle of the cell indicates an animal cell undergoing cytokinesis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The formation of the cell plate across the middle of the cell is actually a characteristic of plant cells undergoing cytokinesis, not animal cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through a process called cleavage furrowing, where the cell membrane pinches inwards to divide the cell into two daughter cells. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions could produce an early embryo with how many cells?
- A.
8
- B.
4
- C.
16
- D.
64
- E.
32
Correct Answer
E. 32Explanation
Each cell division doubles the number of cells. So, starting with one cell (the fertilized egg), the first division produces 2 cells, the second division produces 4 cells, the third division produces 8 cells, the fourth division produces 16 cells, and the fifth division produces 32 cells. Therefore, after five cell divisions, an early embryo would have 32 cells.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Proteins that are involved in regulating the cell cycle, and that change in concentratio during the cell cycle are called
- A.
Cyclins
- B.
ATPases
- C.
Kinetochores
- D.
Centrioles
- E.
Proton pumps
Correct Answer
A. CyclinsExplanation
Cyclins are proteins that play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. They change in concentration during different stages of the cell cycle, specifically binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). This interaction triggers various cellular processes, such as DNA replication and cell division. ATPases are enzymes that hydrolyze ATP to release energy, kinetochores are protein structures that help in chromosome segregation during cell division, centrioles are involved in cell division and formation of the mitotic spindle, and proton pumps are membrane proteins that transport protons across cell membranes. None of these options accurately describe proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle and changing in concentration, making cyclins the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a tumor? (check all that apply)
- A.
Inability to form spindles
- B.
Lack of appropriate cell death
- C.
Changes inthe order of cell cycle stages
- D.
Inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate
- E.
Metastasis
Correct Answer
B. Lack of appropriate cell deathExplanation
A lack of appropriate cell death could logically result in a tumor because if cells do not undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) when they should, they can continue to divide and accumulate, leading to the formation of a tumor. This can occur due to mutations or dysregulation in the genes and signaling pathways involved in apoptosis.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Refer to the figure, below, to answer the following two questions. The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 molar glucose and 0.5 molar sodium chloride (NaCl) and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 molar glucose and 0.4 molar sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same. If you examine side A after 3 days, you should find
- A.
A decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level
- B.
A decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose
- C.
No net change in the system
- D.
A decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level
- E.
No change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.
Correct Answer
D. A decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level -
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