Ch. 1 SEC. 2 Eukaryotic Cells (Science)

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells that are responsible for performing photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the plant's survival as it provides energy for growth and development. Therefore, the correct answer is that chloroplasts perform photosynthesis.

The cytoskeleton is a web of proteins that provides structural support and helps in the movement of cells. It acts as both a muscle and a skeleton by allowing cells to change shape and move. It also helps in maintaining the overall shape of the cell and provides a framework for cellular processes. The ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, and the nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is cytoskeleton.

Lysosomes are indeed organelles that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes help in breaking down and recycling cellular waste, including worn out or damaged organelles. Therefore, the statement is true.

Plant cells have an outermost structure called the cell wall, which provides support and protection to the cell. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose. This structure helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting or collapsing under pressure. The cell wall also allows plants to grow upright and provides mechanical strength. Additionally, the cell wall acts as a barrier, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is cell wall.

The liquid substance inside cells that holds all of the organelles in place is known as cytoplasm. This is where various cellular processes occur, such as metabolism and protein synthesis. It is composed of water, salts, and organic molecules, and provides a medium for the movement and transportation of substances within the cell. The cytoplasm also helps maintain the shape and structure of the cell.

The large central vacuole is the organelle that stores water and other materials in a cell. It is found in plant cells and is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure, which helps to support the cell and maintain its shape. The vacuole also stores various molecules, ions, and waste products. It plays a crucial role in regulating the cell's internal environment and maintaining homeostasis. The mitochondrion is responsible for energy production, the lysosome is involved in intracellular digestion, and the nucleus contains the cell's genetic material.

Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells differ in the presence of a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus that houses their genetic material, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus and their genetic material is dispersed throughout the cell. This distinction is the only difference between these two types of cells, making the statement true.

The Golgi Complex is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins within the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them before they are packaged into vesicles and transported to their final destinations. This organelle plays a crucial role in the sorting and processing of proteins, ensuring that they are properly delivered to different parts of the cell or secreted outside. Therefore, the Golgi Complex is the correct answer for the organelle that packages and distributes proteins.