Circulation - CEN Review
Welcome to the exciting world of Circulation - CEN Review! Are you ready to test your knowledge and take on the challenge? This quiz will dive deep into the fascinating realm of circulation and provide you with an interactive and engaging experience like no other. In this quiz, we will explore the intricate mechanisms that govern the circulation of blood throughout the human body. From the pumping action of the heart to the complex network of blood vessels, we will unravel the secrets behind this vital system that keeps us alive and thriving. So, gear up, get your brain pumping, Read moreand embark on this thrilling journey through the Circulation - CEN Review quiz!
- 1.
Prothrombin is a ____ globulin and is produced by the _____.
- A.
Alpha, Kidney
- B.
Alpha, Liver
- C.
Beta, Kidney
- D.
Beta, Liver
Correct Answer
B. Alpha, LiverExplanation
Prothrombin is a type of globulin that is produced by the liver. The liver is responsible for synthesizing many proteins, including prothrombin.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The right coronary artery divides to form the posterior interventricular artery and the ___ artery.
- A.
Marginal
- B.
LVC
- C.
RVC
- D.
LAD
Correct Answer
A. MarginalExplanation
The right coronary artery divides to form the posterior interventricular artery and the marginal artery.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the _______ next.
- A.
Coronary Sinus
- B.
Left Ventricle
- C.
Right Ventricle
- D.
Left Atrium
Correct Answer
A. Coronary SinusExplanation
Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the coronary sinus next. The coronary sinus is a large vein located on the posterior side of the heart that collects deoxygenated blood from the cardiac veins. This blood is then transported into the right atrium of the heart, where it will eventually be pumped into the lungs for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If you are using a stethoscope and trying to detect the tricuspid valve, which of the following would be the best location?
- A.
Within 2 inches of the xyphoid process
- B.
On the right side of the sternum
- C.
On the left side of the sternum near the midpoint
- D.
On the left side of the sternum near the midpoint of the sixth rib
Correct Answer
C. On the left side of the sternum near the midpointExplanation
The tricuspid valve is located on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. To detect the tricuspid valve using a stethoscope, the best location would be on the left side of the sternum near the midpoint. This is because the sound of the tricuspid valve can be heard most clearly in this area, allowing for accurate detection.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?
- A.
Increased aortic pressure
- B.
Increased ventricular volume
- C.
Dub heart sound
- D.
P wave
Correct Answer
A. Increased aortic pressureExplanation
During ventricular systole, the ventricles of the heart contract and pump blood out into the aorta and pulmonary artery. This contraction results in an increase in aortic pressure as the blood is forcefully ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta. The other options, such as increased ventricular volume, dub heart sound, and P wave, are not directly associated with ventricular systole.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following occurs during ventricular diastole?
- A.
Increased aortic pressure
- B.
Increased ventricular volume
- C.
Lub heart sound
- D.
T wave
Correct Answer
C. Lub heart soundExplanation
During ventricular diastole, the heart is in a relaxed state. The "Lub" heart sound occurs during ventricular diastole when the atrioventricular (AV) valves close. This sound is produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, preventing the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria. The closure of these valves marks the beginning of ventricular diastole and the start of the filling phase of the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the Lub heart sound is the correct answer as it accurately describes an event that occurs during ventricular diastole.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The innermost layer of a blood vessel is lined with _______ ______ cells
- A.
Simple squamous
- B.
Stratified squamous
- C.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
- D.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Correct Answer
A. Simple squamousExplanation
The innermost layer of a blood vessel is lined with simple squamous cells. This type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells that allow for easy diffusion of substances across the vessel wall. Simple squamous epithelium is well-suited for this function due to its thinness and ability to facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.Rate this question:
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- 8.
- Angiotensin can directly cause the release of ____ from the adrenal cortex.
- A.
Renin
- B.
Aldosterone
- C.
Calcitonin
- D.
Thyroxine
Correct Answer
B. AldosteroneExplanation
Angiotensin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. It is produced in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume. One of the main functions of angiotensin is to stimulate the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is a hormone that acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water and excretion of potassium. This helps to increase blood volume and therefore increase blood pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is Aldosterone.Rate this question:
- 9.
Cardiac output is the product of ____ and ____.
- A.
HR and Disastolic pressure
- B.
HR and Stroke Volume
- C.
HR and EF
- D.
Diastolic and Systolic pressure
Correct Answer
B. HR and Stroke VolumeExplanation
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR), which is the number of times the heart beats per minute, with the stroke volume (SV), which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. Therefore, the correct answer is HR and Stroke Volume.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Pulmonary edema is most like associated with a failing _____ _____.
- A.
Right atrium
- B.
Left atrium
- C.
Right ventricle
- D.
Left ventricle
Correct Answer
D. Left ventricleExplanation
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which occurs when the left ventricle of the heart fails to pump blood effectively. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. When it fails to do so, blood backs up into the left atrium and then into the lungs, causing fluid to leak into the lung tissue. Therefore, pulmonary edema is most commonly associated with a failing left ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following is the first branch off the aortic arch?
- A.
Common carotid
- B.
Brachiocephalic artery
- C.
Right Subclavian
- D.
Thoracic
Correct Answer
B. Brachiocephalic arteryExplanation
The brachiocephalic artery is the first branch off the aortic arch. It is responsible for supplying blood to the right subclavian artery, the right common carotid artery, and the right side of the head and neck. The other options listed, such as the common carotid artery, right subclavian artery, and thoracic artery, are not the first branches off the aortic arch.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The brachiocephalic artery divides to form the right common carotid and the ____ ____ artery.
- A.
Left subclavian
- B.
Right subclavian
- C.
Left common carotid
- D.
Right thoracic artery
Correct Answer
B. Right subclavianExplanation
The brachiocephalic artery is a major branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the head and neck. It divides into two branches: the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. The right subclavian artery continues down the right side of the body, supplying blood to the right arm and other structures in the upper chest. Therefore, the correct answer is the right subclavian artery.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following arteries creates the left splenic, hepatic and gastric arteries?
- A.
Left sacral artery
- B.
Celiac artery
- C.
Suprarenal artery
- D.
Phrenic artery
Correct Answer
B. Celiac arteryExplanation
The celiac artery is responsible for creating the left splenic, hepatic, and gastric arteries. It is a major branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs. The left sacral artery, suprarenal artery, and phrenic artery do not have any direct involvement in supplying blood to these specific arteries.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is not considered a major branch off the descending thoracic aorta?
- A.
Mediastinal artery
- B.
Renal artery
- C.
Bronchial artery
- D.
Posterior intercostals artery
Correct Answer
A. Mediastinal arteryExplanation
The mediastinal artery is not considered a major branch off the descending thoracic aorta. The descending thoracic aorta gives rise to several major branches, including the renal artery, bronchial artery, and posterior intercostal artery. However, the mediastinal artery is not typically listed as one of the major branches off the descending thoracic aorta.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is not considered a major branch off the abdominal aorta?
- A.
Phrenic artery
- B.
Common iliac artery
- C.
Gonadal artery
- D.
Mediastinal artery
Correct Answer
D. Mediastinal arteryExplanation
The mediastinal artery is not considered a major branch off the abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta gives rise to several major branches, including the phrenic artery, common iliac artery, and gonadal artery. However, the mediastinal artery is not typically considered a major branch off the abdominal aorta.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is not considered a major branch off of the femoral artery?
- A.
Superficial pudendal arteries
- B.
Deep external pudendal arteries
- C.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery
- D.
Deep circumflex iliac artery
Correct Answer
B. Deep external pudendal arteriesExplanation
The deep external pudendal arteries are not considered a major branch off of the femoral artery. The femoral artery gives rise to several branches, including the superficial pudendal arteries, superficial circumflex iliac artery, and deep circumflex iliac artery. However, the deep external pudendal arteries are not among these major branches.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is not considered a tributary of the portal vein?
- A.
Inferior mesenteric vein
- B.
Splenic vein
- C.
Left gastric vein
- D.
Subclavian vein
Correct Answer
D. Subclavian veinExplanation
The subclavian vein is not considered a tributary of the portal vein because it drains blood from the upper extremities and does not contribute to the hepatic portal system. The other options, the inferior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and left gastric vein, are all tributaries of the portal vein and play a role in draining blood from the digestive organs and spleen into the liver.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Inside the cranial cavity the vertebral arteries form the ____ artery.
- A.
Basilar
- B.
Common Carotid
- C.
MCA
- D.
PCA
Correct Answer
A. BasilarExplanation
Inside the cranial cavity, the vertebral arteries merge together to form the basilar artery. The basilar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the brainstem, cerebellum, and the posterior cerebral hemispheres. This artery plays a crucial role in maintaining proper blood flow and oxygenation to these regions of the brain.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Pulse pressure (pp) is considered the _____.
- A.
Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
- B.
The sum of the systolic and diastolic pressure
- C.
The inverse of the blood pressure
- D.
Half of the systolic pressure
Correct Answer
A. Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressureExplanation
Pulse pressure (pp) is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. It is calculated by subtracting the diastolic pressure from the systolic pressure. Pulse pressure is an important measure because it reflects the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. It provides information about the elasticity and compliance of the arteries, and can be an indicator of cardiovascular health. A wider pulse pressure may indicate increased arterial stiffness or hypertension, while a narrower pulse pressure may suggest decreased cardiac output or other cardiovascular issues.Rate this question:
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- 20.
_____ nerves can be found joining the SA and AV nodes in the heart.
- A.
Accelerator
- B.
Phrenic
- C.
Thoracic
- D.
Gastric
Correct Answer
A. AcceleratorExplanation
Accelerator nerves can be found joining the SA and AV nodes in the heart. These nerves are responsible for increasing the heart rate and enhancing the force of contraction. When the accelerator nerves are stimulated, they release norepinephrine, which binds to receptors in the heart and causes an increase in heart rate. This helps to regulate the heart's rhythm and ensure efficient blood flow throughout the body.Rate this question:
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