NCE Practice Exam Quiz: Master Your Counseling Skills

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  • 1/40 Questions

    Rogers holds that psychological imbalance results from a disparity between:

    • Past motives and future aspirations.
    • Active strivings and past fears
    • Conception of self and the real self
    • Approach and avoidance tendencies
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About This Quiz

Welcome to the "NCE Practice Exam Quiz: Master Your Counseling Skills" – your key to honing the essential competencies needed for success in the National Counselor Examination (NCE). To be a certified National Counselor, you need to understand some theories on human behavior fully. Test how well you understand them by taking up the practice exam below and knowing more See moreabout those you are not so sure about. This quiz is designed to simulate the NCE environment, providing a comprehensive practice experience for aspiring counselors. Whether you're on the journey to becoming a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) or refining your counseling skills, this quiz is a valuable tool to gauge your preparedness and enhance your confidence.
As you progress through the quiz, you'll not only test your knowledge but also gain valuable insights into areas that may require further attention. The detailed explanations accompanying each question offer a learning opportunity, allowing you to grasp concepts and strategies crucial for success on the NCE. Embark on this quiz with the mindset of not just answering questions, but truly mastering the art and science of counseling. Elevate your counseling skills, refine your understanding of ethical practices, and build the confidence needed to excel in the NCE. Your journey towards becoming a proficient and compassionate counselor begins here. All the best and good luck in your exams!

NCE Practice Exam Quiz: Master Your Counseling Skills - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Freud is most closely associated with the idea of?

    • Trait theory.

    • Type theory.

    • Psychosexual stages.

    • Psychosocial stages.

    Correct Answer
    A. Psychosexual stages.
    Explanation
    The correct response is C (psychosexual stages). Trait theory is more closely associated with career development, type theory with career or personality theory, and psychosocial theory with Erik Erikson. Freud evolved the basic "oral, anal, latent, and phallic stages which are known as the psychosexual stages.

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  • 3. 

    Masters and Johnson have delineated a four-phase sexual response cycle. Which of the following is a phase in their conceptualization?

    • Foreplay

    • Excitement

    • Relaxation

    • Afterplay

    Correct Answer
    A. Excitement
    Explanation
    Masters and Johnson describe the sexual response as consisting of four phases. These are erotic desire, arousal, physical excitement, and orgasm. The only correct answer is B (excitement); excitement is closest to Masters and Johnsons' phase 3.

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  • 4. 

    By "congruence," Rogers means close matching of?

    • Needs and goals.

    • Client and counselor.

    • Awareness and experience.

    • Feelings and perceptions.

    Correct Answer
    A. Awareness and experience.
    Explanation
    "Congruence" is a classic Rogerian term and is most frequently defined as an "alignment of awareness and experience." C (awareness and experience) is the correct answer.

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  • 5. 

    According to the counseling model developed by Carkhuff, which of the counselor's responses listed below is most appropriate for the statement made by a client during an initial counseling interview? Client: "I'm not really sure why I am here; I've been to counselors before and they've never really helped." Counselor:

    • "What do you think is your real motivation for coming here today?"

    • "You shouldn't feel that way about all counselors, some are better than others."

    • You're uncertain why you came here today because you don't feel you've been helped in the past."

    • "You say you've never been helped by a counselor, and yet you are here."

    Correct Answer
    A. You're uncertain why you came here today because you don't feel you've been helped in the past."
    Explanation
    Response C ("You're uncertain why you came here today because you don't feel you've been helped in the past.") is one of reflective listening which is useful at any stage of counseling but might be especially employed in the initial stages of person-centered therapy. The response represents an accurate reflection of feeling and cognition and is most appropriate.

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  • 6. 

    According to Yalom, __________ is a necessary precondition for effective group therapy.

    • Intermember acceptance

    • Group cohesiveness

    • Intimacy for self disclosure

    • Freedom

    Correct Answer
    A. Group cohesiveness
    Explanation
    Response B (group cohesiveness) is the correct answer. Group cohesiveness may be defined as a feeling of belonging to the group. Yalom asserts not only that group cohesiveness is necessary, but that lack of it may actually lead to harmful outcomes for participants.

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  • 7. 

    For Rogers, the best approach for bringing about personality change is to:

    • Reward socially appropriate behaviors.

    • Promote optimism.

    • Give unconditional positive regard.

    • Extinguish undesirable behaviors.

    Correct Answer
    A. Give unconditional positive regard.
    Explanation
    C (unconditional positive regard) is the correct answer. A and D are behavioral approaches, whereas C is at the root of Rogerian theory. Rogers suggested that "congruence, or genuineness," "accurate empathic understanding," and "unconditional positive regard" were necessary and sufficient conditions to bring about client change.

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  • 8. 

    B.F. Skinner is best known for his ________ procedures.

    • Classical conditioning

    • Operant reinforcement

    • Personality study

    • Psychological testing

    Correct Answer
    A. Operant reinforcement
    Explanation
    The most appropriate answer is B (operant reinforcement). Classical conditioning is respondent conditioning and deals primarily with reflexive behavior; a person responds to a neutral stimulus as if it were the meaningful one (i.e., Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell without the presence of food). Operant reinforcement, in contrast, deals with voluntary responses rather than involuntary responses and is a learning process rather than a reactive process; in operant reinforcement, a particular behavior produces a specific response.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following theories of counseling is based on a logical, cognitive approach to the solution of the client's problems?

    • Psychoanalytic

    • Rational emotive

    • Existential

    • Perceptual

    Correct Answer
    A. Rational emotive
    Explanation
    The most appropriate response is B (rational emotive). Albert Ellis' RET, as it is known, is cognitive-behavioral in its orientation and is considered to be the forerunner of today's cognitive-behavioral therapies. It is cognitive in that it deals primarily with cognition and behavioral because behavioral techniques are often used to bring about changes in cognitions through homework, assignments, etc. Key to RET are the ABC's of thought. A is the activating event (someone turning you down when you ask for a date), C is the emotional and behavioral consequence (you might feel rejected), and B is the belief that causes, or is at the root of the emotional and behavioral consequences (you may, as a result of childhood experiences, believe that rejection means that you are of no value). RET suggests that over time we forget B (the belief) and simply react without the knowledge of what is causing us to react. Ellis suggests that whereas the beliefs that cause our reactions may have seemed appropriate at one time, they are irrational at this time and that by understanding our belief system we can alter our behavior.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following counseling approaches places central importance on clients making value judgments about current behaviors?

    • Client-centered counseling

    • Reality therapy

    • Adlerian therapy

    • Gestalt therapy

    Correct Answer
    A. Reality therapy
    Explanation
    The most appropriate answer is B (reality therapy). All therapies view current behaviors as important, but reality therapy views it as central to the therapeutic process. Client-centered therapy places central importance on the counselor/client relationship and on self-exploration, Adlerian on encouragement and the development of socially useful goals, and Gestalt on awareness and on internal support. The reality, more than other orientations, challenges clients to look at and evaluate what they are now doing and assess whether or not is useful in obtaining their desired goals.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following client behaviors is NOT a sign of client resistance?

    • Frequent change of topics

    • Increased self-disclosure

    • Verbal messages incongruent with nonverbal signals

    • Decreased eye contact

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased self-disclosure
    Explanation
    Frequent changes of topic, verbal and non-verbal inconsistencies, and decreased eye contact could all be signs of client resistance. Self-disclosure, however, far from indicating resistance, indicates client readiness to reveal, and is a sign of healthy participation. The correct answer is B (increased self-disclosure).

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  • 12. 

    Life-styling workshops generally include:

    • Role-playing and group discussions.

    • Existential messages.

    • T-group activities.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Role-playing and group discussions.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A (role-playing and group discussions). Life-styling groups are viewing and evaluating members' lifestyles in the context of the individual's objectives or goals. Social well-being is a secondary goal. Although this could be construed to have some existential parameters, the structure is not intended to sensitize individuals to their freedom, responsibility, or choices.

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  • 13. 

    Counselors doing group counseling know that recognizing that working through resistance is a major task of the __________ stage in the group process.

    • Initial

    • Transition

    • Working

    • Final

    Correct Answer
    A. Transition
    Explanation
    A through D are correctly identified as the four stages of the group process. The correct answer is B (transition): Resistance is the major task of the second stage or the transition stage. The major tasks of the initial stage are orientation and exploration. The working stage is characterized by cohesion and productivity, and the final stage by consolidation and termination.

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  • 14. 

    Regarding the role of the group leader's values in group counseling situations, ethical practice implies that group leaders should:

    • Try to shape the members' values.

    • Avoid imposing personal values.

    • Be value free.

    • Never expose personal values.

    Correct Answer
    A. Avoid imposing personal values.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is B (avoid imposing personal values). C and D are incorrect because all group leaders and counselors have personal values and it would be impractical to attempt to hide them from the group. A is incorrect because it would be unethical to attempt to shape a client or group members' values. A group leader's most appropriate course of action is to be aware that his or her values will be evident and to attempt to avoid inappropriately influencing the client.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is a true statement about Gestalt therapy groups?

    • There are clearly defined roles for group members.

    • The group exerts pressure on a member to become someting other than what he/she starts as.

    • The major confrontation a group member experiences is with himself/herself.

    • An individual must sit on the "hot seat" when asked to do so.

    Correct Answer
    A. The major confrontation a group member experiences is with himself/herself.
    Explanation
    The most correct answer is C (The major confrontation a group member experiences is with hi/her). Gestalt therapy often seeks to resolve present conflicts by bringing conflicts or situations which occurred in the past into the there and now. It is by reenacting these past situations that emotions that were overwhelming to the child can be identified and handled by the adult. The confrontation is with one's past and therefore with one's self. The therapist and group members act as catalysts in this conflict:; they do not invent or present the conflict. Gestalt therapy places a major emphasis on one's responsibility for oneself.

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  • 16. 

    Counselors use __________ groups to help members fulfill their needs for support, feedback, and learning. 

    • T

    • Sensitivity

    • Encounter

    • Developmental

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensitivity
    Explanation
    T groups are characterized by democratic leadership and effective client feedback. Encounter groups feature confrontation as an avenue of client growth. Developmental counseling focuses on the mastery of developmental tasks in the interest of avoiding future difficulties. Sensitivity groups utilize the provision of support along with feedback to enhance learning. Response B (sensitivity) is the correct answer.

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  • 17. 

    Jerry Jones wanted to manage a business of his own but did not have the capital to get started. He settled for a job as a clerk in a sporting goods store but made contacts with others who would be willing to back him in setting up his own business. In a few years, with the help of backers, he opened his own store, "The Fallen Arch." This business flourished. Soon after, he capitalized on his public relations ability and expanded by opening branches in several other cities. If we use either Ginzberg's first or revised formulations to explain Jerry's career development, we would say tht this is an illustration of

    • Optimization.

    • Organizational adaptation.

    • Constraints reduction.

    • Compromise.

    Correct Answer
    A. Optimization.
    Explanation
    This is an illustration of A (optimization). Jerry was not involved in an organization, nor did he have to compromise his goal of managing his own business. The only viable answers are A, and C. A is more correct than C because Jerry optimized the use of already available resources to reach his goal. He augmented and expanded what he had. He did not remove constraints.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following is the most appropriate career education activity for elementary school?

    • Practicing job interviews

    • Writing a detailed report of requirements for an occupation

    • Developing an awareness of work as a life activity

    • Taking an interest inventory for career planning

    Correct Answer
    A. Developing an awareness of work as a life activity
    Explanation
    Most elementary school children are in the "concrete" stage of cognitive development. Abstract concepts such s "career" have no real meaning: their reasoning is limited to the tangible. According to Piaget, children can reason across tasks once able to apply logic in a given context. Accordingly, the most appropriate exercise is to provide them with as much tangible evidence of work as possible. The most appropriate activity for these children would be to develop an awareness of work as a life activity, C (developing an awareness of work as a life activity) is the correct answer.

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  • 19. 

    Appropriate career education activities for the elementary school include

    • Visiting a local newspaper

    • A school "placement office" for "employment in school activities."

    • Parent visits to classes to describe their occupations.

    • All of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D (all of the above). Most children in elementary school are in the "concrete" stage of cognitive development. Actually experiencing work situations, seeing activities aimed at employment, and hearing about employment experiences from significant adults are all congruent with this stage of their cognitive development.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following statements accurately describes current knowledge of the relationship between peoples' cultural and economic characteristics and their career development?

    • Research provides clear evidence of the inhibiting effects of cultural deprivation on career development.

    • Research involving cultural deprivation and career development indicates that individual demographic characteristics are not important.

    • Research on cultural deprivation as it relates to career development is best conducted in "developing" nations where the phenomenon is pervasive as opposed to sporadic.

    • Research is lacking in regard to understanding of the relationship between cultural deprivation and career development.

    Correct Answer
    A. Research is lacking in regard to understanding of the relationship between cultural deprivation and career development.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D (Research is lacking in regard to understanding of the relationship between cultural deprivation and career development). Although it might seem probable that cultural deprivation relates negatively to career development, there is a paucity of research dealing with the relationship between the two concepts. Accordingly, there is little current understanding of the relationship between cultural deprivation and career development.

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  • 21. 

    Interest inventories are least useful for

    • Predicting achievement

    • Predicting job satisfaction

    • Clarifying interest patterns

    • Clarifying experiences

    Correct Answer
    A. Predicting achievement
    Explanation
    Interest inventories are useful for assisting clients in exploring possible careers but do not provide information regarding ability for a particular career. Response A (predicting achievement) is the correct answer.

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  • 22. 

    A counselor asks, "I wonder how the new job seems to you?" This is an example of what type of question?

    • Double-intention

    • Closed

    • Open

    • Indirect

    Correct Answer
    A. Open
    Explanation
    The most correct answer is C (open). Counselor response modes include: advising, informing, reflecting, interpreting, self-disclosing, and questioning (open and closed). The question above is an open question because it cannot be answered with a simple yes or no.

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  • 23. 

    A norm table may include all of the following EXCEPT 

    • Raw scores

    • Percentile ranks

    • Standard scores

    • Standard error of measurement

    Correct Answer
    A. Standard error of measurement
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D (standard error of measurement). A norm table is used to normalize data to some common base. It is possible to normalize raw scores to standard scores, to percentiles, or to other norms, such as stanines. The standard error of measure most relates to the distribution of data rather than to normalization.

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  • 24. 

    What is the mean of a z score distribution?

    • 0

    • 1

    • 100

    • 50

    Correct Answer
    A. 0
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A (0). By definition, the z-score is the area lying between the mean and successive standard deviation units under the normal curve. One standard deviation has a z score of .3413 or 34.13% of the area of the curve. A z score of 0 corresponds with the mean of the distribution and a point equal to 0.

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  • 25. 

    In a normal distribution which as the highest value?

    • Mode

    • Mean

    • Median

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is D (all of the above). In a normal distribution the greatest number of measurement (the mode), the average of the measurements (the mean), and the middle point of the measurements (the median) are equal.

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  • 26. 

    When counselors refer to a test as a "standardized test," they are using the term, in part, to imply that

    • The test is widely used throughout the country.

    • The test is published by a reputable company.

    • There is an equal number of items on each form of the test.

    • There is uniformity in the administration and scoring of the test.

    Correct Answer
    A. There is uniformity in the administration and scoring of the test.
    Explanation
    Although A, B, and C are or can be true, the distinguishable feature of a standardized test in the above answers is best described in item D (there is uniformity in the administration and scoring of the test). Standardized tests are given and scored in the same manner for all test takers. Test instructions are normally read aloud to ensure consistency.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following types of variables in NOT synonymous with the term "independent variable?"

    • Input

    • Treatment

    • Response

    • Stimulus

    Correct Answer
    A. Response
    Explanation
    An independent variable is one which causes, or influences, another variable, and a dependent variable is one that is caused or influenced by another. C (response) is the most appropriate answer. The term "response" is the most easily associated with the definition of dependent variable, or a variable that is caused or influenced by another; in this case, perhaps a question (the independent variable).

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  • 28. 

    If counseling researchers are concerned that pretesting may somehow sensitize or alter respondents' responses, they are worried about

    • Maturation.

    • Internal validity.

    • Statistical regression.

    • Halo effects.

    Correct Answer
    A. Internal validity.
    Explanation
    B (internal validity) is the correct answer. Internal validity deals with how well a test measures what it is intended to measure. A pre-employment test for auto mechanics is valid if scores achieved on the test correlate with subsequent job related success or failure. If pretesting somehow alters respondents' answers to the post test (the test which ultimately decides whether to hire or not to hire), then the test validity is altered: the correlation between pretest and job related performance is different and therefore invalidated.

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  • 29. 

    The variable that appears, disappears, or changes as the counseling researcher applies, removes, or varies the independent variable in an experimental study is called

    • Intervening.

    • Dependent.

    • Controlling.

    • Experimental.

    Correct Answer
    A. Intervening.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A (intervening). An intervening variable is one which might be suspected, and can be allowed for, but which cannot be directly controlled and alters the relationship between the dependent and independent variable. An example would be level of frustration acting as an intervening variable, and affecting scores on an examination.

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  • 30. 

    When the slope of the regression line rises when moving left to right across a graphic representation of a group of scores, the counselor knows that this plot reflects a

    • Positive correlation.

    • Negative correlation.

    • Canonical correlation.

    • Zero correlation.

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive correlation.
    Explanation
    The only correct answer is A (positive correlation). In the function Y=mx+b ( a simple linear regression equation), m is the slope. For a curve to rise from left to right m must be greater than 0 and must be positive. Accordingly, the resulting regression is termed a positive correlation. If m is less than 0, it is negative and results in a line which falls when moving from left to right. This is termed a negative correlation. A correlation is negative or positive depending on the sign of the slope (m) in a linear regression.

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  • 31. 

    Which is the median stanine?

    • 3

    • 4.5

    • 5

    • 9

    Correct Answer
    A. 5
    Explanation
    The correct answer is C (5). The median is defined as the 50th percentile of distribution in the point below which half of the observations fall. Stanines are from 1 to 9 inclusively. The median is the middle score when scores are arranged in rank order. The point 5 has an equal number of observations below and above it.

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  • 32. 

    Ahievement tests may be

    • Criterion-referenced.

    • Norm-referenced.

    • Both a and b.

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and b.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is C (both criterion- and norm-referenced). Achievement tests may be referenced to an external criterion or to a norm group, or both. A score report from a criterion-referenced group would yield a mastery score in relation to the objectives being measured. Norm-referenced score reports compare the individual being tested to an identified norm group.

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  • 33. 

    Goal attainment scaling is a method for evaluating

    • Interview interactions between counselor and client.

    • Interview responses by a client.

    • Degree of accomplishment of counseling goals.

    • A counseling process paradigm.

    Correct Answer
    A. Degree of accomplishment of counseling goals.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is C (degree of accomplishment of counseling goals). Scaling is a technique for attempting to make a subjective qualitative concept more quantitative. An example of this is to ask how you feel on a scale of 1-10. Goal attainment scaling then is a method used to better quantify the attainment of agreed upon goals.

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  • 34. 

    A counselor in a social service agency working with economically deprived immigrants would focus on the person's most urgent need. The first priority would be the need for

    • Love.

    • Shelter and food.

    • Friendship.

    • Education.

    Correct Answer
    A. Shelter and food.
    Explanation
    According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, satisfaction of higher level needs is dependent upon satisfaction of basic needs. Shelter and food constitute two basic needs that would need to be met before the counselee is able to maintain an interest in the higher order needs of friendship, love, and education. Response B (shelter and food) is the correct answer.

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  • 35. 

    Heteronomous morality are two stages in the theory of moral development developed by

    • Kohlberg.

    • Bandura.

    • Piaget.

    • Erikson.

    Correct Answer
    A. Piaget.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is A (Piaget). Both Kohlberg and Piaget studies and published material on moral development. Piaget suggested that increased cognitive ability correlates with increased moral reasoning. Heteronomous morality is associated with Piaget's first stage of moral development, which he called the "morality of constraint" or "premoral stage." In this stage, typically found in younger children, morality is based on external factors such as rules, authority figures, and consequences. Children at this stage tend to see rules as fixed and unchangeable, and they often feel a sense of guilt when they break these rules.

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  • 36. 

    The Standards of Preparation of the ACA's Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs (CACREP) emphasize that counselors should have comprehensive knowledge of human psycho-social development across the life span. The primary reason for this standard is that counselors with such knowledge will be better able to

    • Work with persons with handicaps.

    • Understand clients' developmental concerns.

    • Use a variety of counseling techniques in counseling.

    • Implement systems theory techniques in counseling.

    Correct Answer
    A. Understand clients' developmental concerns.
    Explanation
    Response B (understand clients' developmental concerns) is the correct answer. Many clients present concerns which have a basis in developmental issues. One of the hallmarks of counseling as a profession is the understanding of developmental needs. A broad knowledge of human development is necessary to the accomplished professional counselor in order for him or her to be of maximum assistance.

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  • 37. 

    In Erikson's theory of the eight stages of human development, at what stage would people most likely encounter the psychological crisis of initiative vs. guilt?

    • Preschool

    • Elementary

    • Adolescence

    • Young adult

    Correct Answer
    A. Preschool
    Explanation
    The correct response is A (preschool). Erikson's eight life stages, their corresponding crisis, and the values associated with a positive experience are as follows Infancy - Trust vs. Mistrust - Hope Toddler - Autonomy vs. Shame - Will Power Preschool - Initiative vs. Guilt - Purpose Elementary - Industry vs. Inferiority - Competence Adolescence - Identity vs. Role Confusion - Fidelity Young Adult - Intimacy vs. Isolation - Love Middle Adult - Generativity vs. Stagnation - Care Later Adult - Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Wisdom

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following best describes counselling?

    • Providing advice and telling the client what to do

    • Offering a safe and supportive environment for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and concerns

    • Diagnosing mental health conditions and prescribing medication

    • Using persuasion and coercion to change the client's behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Offering a safe and supportive environment for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and concerns
    Explanation
    Counselling involves creating a safe and supportive space where clients can openly discuss their thoughts, feelings, and concerns without judgment. It focuses on facilitating self-discovery and personal growth rather than providing direct advice or imposing solutions.

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  • 39. 

    What does the principle of confidentiality encompass within the realm of counseling ethics?

    • Sharing client information without consent.

    • Disclosing client details only to close family members.

    • Safeguarding client information, barring legal exceptions.

    • Using client information for research without notification.

    Correct Answer
    A. Safeguarding client information, barring legal exceptions.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is safeguarding client information, barring legal exceptions. This is the correct understanding of confidentiality. It includes the duty to protect client information and only disclose it when legally required, such as in situations where there is a threat to life, reports of abuse, or other legal stipulations.

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  • 40. 

    When utilizing the stages of change model, a client expressing the intention to change within the next six months is in which stage?

    • Precontemplation

    • Contemplation

    • Preparation

    • Action

    Correct Answer
    A. Contemplation
    Explanation
    In the stages of change model, a client in the contemplation stage acknowledges the need for change within the next six months. During this stage, clients weigh the pros and cons, preparing for the forthcoming adjustments.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 30, 2025
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 09, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Kristen Kettler

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