Cell Functions And Structure Test Quiz

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that is found inside the cell. It is a semi-fluid material that fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains various organelles, such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for supporting and protecting the cell's organelles.

Lysosomes are specialized vesicles within cells that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes are capable of breaking down various types of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Lysosomes function as the cellular digestive system, helping to recycle cellular waste materials into simple molecules that the cell can reuse. They play a critical role in degrading and recycling cellular debris, unwanted materials, and foreign invaders like bacteria. This process is vital for cell maintenance, repair, and defense.

The correct answer is mitochondrion. Mitochondrion are bean-shaped organelles found in the cell that are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They have a double membrane structure and contain their own DNA. The bean-like shape of mitochondria is often used to describe their appearance.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. They are small, spherical structures found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information from the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. This process is essential for the functioning and structure of cells, as proteins are involved in various cellular processes and functions. Mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles have different roles in the cell, but they are not directly involved in protein synthesis.

One major feature that plant cells have that animal cells do not is a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells. It provides support and protection to the cell, helping it maintain its shape and resist mechanical stress. Animal cells, on the other hand, do not have a cell wall and rely on other structures like the cytoskeleton for support.

Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down and digesting things within the cell. They contain enzymes that break down various molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. These enzymes help in the digestion of cellular waste, recycling of cellular components, and the breakdown of foreign substances that enter the cell. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are often referred to as the "cell's recycling center" or "garbage disposal system".

Mitochondria are responsible for powering the cell through the process of cellular respiration. They produce the majority of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. This energy is essential for various cellular activities, including metabolism, growth, and movement. The endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus are involved in protein synthesis and transportation, while the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell. However, it is the mitochondria that play a crucial role in generating the energy needed to power the cell's functions.

DNA replication takes place in the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains all the genetic material, including the DNA. During DNA replication, the DNA strands unwind and separate, and new complementary strands are synthesized using the existing strands as templates. This process occurs within the nucleus, where all the necessary enzymes and proteins for DNA replication are present. The other options, such as ribosomes, nucleolus, and mitochondria, are not involved in DNA replication but have different functions within the cell.

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for transporting ribosomes within the cell. It is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm and is involved in protein synthesis and transport. Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, and they are produced in the nucleus and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing and distribution within the cell. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer for this question.

Cell Wall is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells.