Cell Organelle Test - B

The cellular structure located in the photograph is ribosomes. Ribosomes are small, spherical organelles found in the cytoplasm of cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis, translating the genetic information from the DNA into functional proteins. Ribosomes can be found either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are composed of RNA and protein molecules and play a crucial role in the overall functioning of the cell.

The nucleolus is a distinct structure found within the nucleus of most cells. It is responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. The nucleolus is composed of proteins and RNA, and its presence is a characteristic feature of actively dividing cells. Therefore, it is correct to say that most nuclei contain a smaller dense structure called a nucleolus.

The organelle displayed in the photo-micrograph is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This can be determined based on the appearance of the organelle in the image, which shows a network of tubules without ribosomes attached. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in various functions, such as lipid metabolism, detoxification, and calcium storage. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

Chloroplasts are found in plant cells. Chloroplasts are organelles that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy, and other molecules necessary for photosynthesis. Animal cells and fungus do not have chloroplasts, as they do not undergo photosynthesis. Virus particles and viruses are not considered living organisms and therefore do not have cells or organelles.

Recent research has shown that mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells, have their own DNA. This DNA is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA is responsible for encoding certain proteins and RNA molecules that are essential for the functioning of the mitochondria. This discovery has significant implications for understanding the evolution and function of mitochondria, as well as their role in various diseases and disorders.

The correct answer is Mitochondrion. Mitochondria are cellular organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They have a unique structure with an outer membrane and an inner membrane, which contains folds called cristae. Mitochondria are commonly referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in energy production.

The statement is true because the Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations. It consists of a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is involved in the processing and packaging of proteins and lipids, as well as the formation of lysosomes. Therefore, it is correct to say that letter F represents the Golgi apparatus.

Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for digesting worn-out organelles in the cell. They contain enzymes that break down cellular waste materials, such as old organelles, into smaller molecules that can be recycled or eliminated from the cell. Lysosomes are involved in the process of autophagy, which is the degradation and recycling of cellular components. This helps to maintain the overall health and functioning of the cell.

Centrioles are small cylindrical structures found in animal cells that play a crucial role in cell division. They are involved in the formation of the spindle fibers that help separate the chromosomes during cell division. The image shown below represents centrioles, which are typically found in pairs near the nucleus of the cell.

The organelle shown in the photograph is a lysosome. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in the cell. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are involved in various cellular processes such as autophagy, phagocytosis, and apoptosis.

The correct answer is Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle that is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destination. It is composed of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae. In the photograph, the organelle depicted shows a characteristic stacked structure, which is a distinguishing feature of the Golgi Apparatus.

The cellular organelle in the image is responsible for breaking down materials. This process is essential for the cell to remove waste products, recycle molecules, and obtain energy. By breaking down materials, the organelle helps maintain the overall functioning and homeostasis of the cell.

The mitochondrion is responsible for the production of energy (ATP) in the cell. It is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it carries out cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP through the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell. They are found in large numbers in cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells.

Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are composed of RNA and proteins. Ribosomes can be free-floating in the cytosol or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in translating genetic information from the nucleus into functional proteins.

The correct answer is Nuclear Membrane. The question is asking for the name of number 6, and out of the given options, the only one that matches is Nuclear Membrane.

Centrioles are organelles found in animal cells that play a crucial role during cell mitosis. They are responsible for pulling apart the chromosomes to ensure each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. This process is essential for the proper division and distribution of genetic material during cell division. Centrioles are composed of microtubules and are located in a region of the cell called the centrosome. They are not found in plant cells, making them a unique feature of animal cell mitosis.

The substance within the cellular organelle in the image is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants and algae that is responsible for the absorption of light during photosynthesis. It gives plants their green color and plays a crucial role in converting light energy into chemical energy.

Central vacuoles are not found in animal and bacteria cells. They are only found in plant cells. Central vacuoles are large, membrane-bound organelles that occupy most of the space in the plant cell. They play a crucial role in maintaining cell turgidity, storing water, nutrients, and waste products, and regulating cell growth and development. In animal cells, small vacuoles may be present, but they are not as prominent or central as in plant cells. In bacteria cells, vacuoles are absent altogether. Therefore, the statement that central vacuoles are found in animal, bacteria, and plant cells is false.

Chromatin is the correct answer because it refers to the material that makes up the chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell. In the photograph, number 8 is labeled as chromatin, indicating that it is the organelle present in the image.

The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does play a role in detoxification, but it is mainly involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, as well as the metabolism of carbohydrates. The liver contains a large amount of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, which helps with these functions, but it is not specifically responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons. This task is primarily carried out by the liver's microsomes and other enzymes. Therefore, the statement that the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum aids in detoxification in the liver is false.

Bacteria have an unorganized nucleus. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have a well-defined nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane, bacteria have a nucleoid region where their genetic material is located. This region is not surrounded by a membrane and lacks the organized structure of a true nucleus. Therefore, bacteria have an unorganized nucleus compared to cells found in animals, plants, fungi, and viruses.

Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. DNA contains the genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next, while proteins help in organizing and structuring the DNA. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells and play a crucial role in cell division and the transmission of genetic material.

The correct answer is "Nuclear Pore". The question is asking for the name of the protein-lined openings on the surface of a nuclear membrane. These openings are called nuclear pores, which allow for the transport of molecules in and out of the nucleus.

The correct answer is nucleoid because it is the name of the organelle found in prokaryotic cells. The nucleoid is a region within the prokaryotic cell where the genetic material, usually in the form of a single circular DNA molecule, is located. It is not surrounded by a membrane like the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The nucleoid plays a crucial role in controlling the cell's functions and reproduction.

Nuclear pores are small channels in the nuclear membrane that allow for the exchange of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. They play a crucial role in regulating the transport of proteins, RNA, and other molecules in and out of the nucleus. This organelle is distinct from the nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and mitochondrion, which have their own specific functions within the cell.

Bacteria cells would be the type of cell where these structures would be located.

The correct answer is Vesicles. The question asks for the name of the cellular organelle found in the diagram number 12. Among the given options, vesicles are small sacs that are involved in various cellular processes such as transport of molecules within the cell and secretion of substances outside the cell. Therefore, vesicles are the most appropriate organelle that matches the description provided.

The correct answer is Cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provide structural support and shape to the cell. It is located within the plant cell but outside of the nuclear membrane. The cytoskeleton is responsible for various cellular processes, including cell division, cell movement, and maintaining cell shape. It is composed of three main types of filaments: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. The term "colored thread-like structures" refers to the appearance of these filaments under a microscope.

The correct answer is Villi. Villi are small finger-like projections found in the lining of the small intestine. They increase the surface area of the intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients. In the image, the cellular organelle shown resembles the structure of villi, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell that is studded with ribosomes. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis and transport of proteins in the cell. The ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for protein synthesis, while the network of membranes helps in the proper folding and modification of these proteins before they are transported to their final destination within or outside the cell.