Cell Organelle Functions MCQ Trivia

The correct answer is "The smallest units of structure and function in living things." This answer accurately describes the definition of a cell in biological science. Cells are the basic building blocks of life and are responsible for carrying out all the necessary functions for an organism to survive. They are the smallest units that can independently perform all the essential processes of life, including metabolism, reproduction, and response to stimuli.

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It regulates the passage of water and oxygen into the cell, allowing essential nutrients and gases to enter. At the same time, it also controls the exit of waste products from the cell, preventing harmful substances from accumulating. The other options, such as the production of proteins, mitochondria, and chromatin, are not directly controlled by the cell membrane.

Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they are responsible for producing the majority of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. They contain their own DNA and can self-replicate, which is a unique characteristic among organelles. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure with an inner membrane that is highly folded, providing a large surface area for ATP production. This organelle plays a crucial role in providing energy for various cellular processes and is therefore referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.

This statement is true because all living organisms, including humans, have basic functions such as breathing, eating, excreting waste, communication, energy utilization, and reproduction. These functions are essential for the survival and maintenance of life. Similarly, cells, which are the building blocks of all living organisms, also possess these capabilities. They respire, obtain nutrients, eliminate waste, communicate with other cells, generate energy, and reproduce through cell division. Therefore, the statement is correct.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell, making them the "protein factories." They play a crucial role in translating the genetic information from DNA into functional proteins. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins and can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. Therefore, the description "protein factories" accurately represents the role and function of ribosomes in the cell.

Animal cells are not bound by a cell wall. Unlike plant cells, which have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, animal cells have a flexible cell membrane that surrounds and protects the cell. The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer and is responsible for maintaining the cell's shape, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and interacting with other cells.

In a multi-cellular organism, cells are organized into tissues, which are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. These tissues then combine to form organs, which are structures made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Finally, organs come together to form organ systems, which are groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function and maintain the overall functioning of the organism.

A membrane is a thin, flexible material that can be used as a window screen. It is commonly made of materials like polyester or fiberglass and is designed to allow air and light to pass through while keeping insects and debris out. Membranes are often used in window screens to provide a barrier against unwanted elements while still maintaining visibility and airflow. Therefore, the statement "A membrane is a material that functions as a window screen" is true.

Cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid that surrounds organelles in both plant and animal cells. It is responsible for various cellular functions such as providing support, transporting molecules, and facilitating chemical reactions. Cytoplasm also contains various organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, which are essential for cell metabolism and protein synthesis. Overall, cytoplasm plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of cells.

Cells can be different from each other and are specialized to perform specific functions. This statement accurately describes the nature of cells in the body. Cells in the body vary in structure and function, allowing them to carry out specific tasks necessary for the overall functioning and maintenance of the body. This specialization of cells enables the different organs and systems in the body to work together harmoniously.

The location of genetic material in bacteria differs from its location in plant and animal cells. In bacteria, the genetic material is located in the cytoplasm, while in plant and animal cells, it is found in the nuclei. This distinction is important because the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that protects and organizes the genetic material, allowing for more complex regulation and control of gene expression. In contrast, bacteria lack a nucleus and their genetic material is freely floating in the cytoplasm, which limits their ability for complex gene regulation and control.

Ribosomes are the only organelles that are shared by all three types of cells - plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found in the cytoplasm of cells. They are essential for the production of proteins, which are necessary for the functioning of all living organisms. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer to the question.

Animal cells can have various shapes and structures depending on their function and location within the body. While some animal cells may be round or oval, this is not a universal characteristic. Animal cells can have irregular shapes, elongated shapes, or even specialized shapes such as nerve cells or muscle cells. Therefore, the statement that all animal cells are basically round or oval in shape is false.

Materials pass into and out of the nucleus through pores. These pores are present in the nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure with small openings called nuclear pores. These pores allow for the movement of molecules such as RNA, proteins, and other cellular materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The pores regulate the passage of these materials, ensuring that only specific molecules can enter or exit the nucleus.

A vacuole is like a cell's storage tank because it is a membrane-bound organelle that stores various substances such as water, nutrients, and waste products. Similar to a storage tank, the vacuole can hold and release these substances as needed by the cell. Additionally, vacuoles can also play a role in maintaining the cell's internal pressure and providing structural support.

Plant cells are not bound by a cell membrane alone. They have an additional protective layer called the cell wall, which is made up of cellulose. The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell, while the cell membrane acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Therefore, the statement that plant cells are bound by a cell membrane alone is false.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for capturing energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is used as food for the cell. This process is crucial for plant cells as it provides them with the energy they need to carry out their functions and survive.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins within the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another, ensuring that they reach their intended destinations and perform their functions correctly. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall structure and function of the cell.

Chromosomes, found in the cell nucleus, carry genetic information essential for cell activities and function. Made up of DNA, they contain genes that direct processes like growth, development, and reproduction. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes. In humans, there are 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs, which determine inherited traits and guide cellular operations through encoded instructions.