AP Biology Cell Organelles Quiz

Mitochondria is known as the power house of the cell because it is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of glucose to generate ATP. It is found in most eukaryotic cells and plays a crucial role in providing energy for cellular activities.

The correct answer is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is an organelle in a cell that has ribosomes attached to its surface. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and they are attached to the RER to produce proteins that are either secreted from the cell or used within the cell. The RER is involved in the modification, folding, and packaging of proteins before they are transported to their final destinations.

Chloroplasts are the organelles in a cell that convert solar energy to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. They contain a pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight and uses it to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants and some other organisms that can perform photosynthesis. Chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information, plastids are a group of organelles that includes chloroplasts, and cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell.

The cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection to plant cells. It is made up of cellulose and is located outside the cell membrane. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall, which is a unique feature of plant cells. The cell wall helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting under osmotic pressure. Therefore, the cell wall is present only in plant cells.

Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. They are composed of RNA and protein molecules and can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information from the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins through a process called translation. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer to the question as they play a crucial role in protein synthesis within cells.

Lysosomes are called the suicidal bags of the cell because they contain enzymes that can break down and digest cellular waste, foreign substances, and even the cell itself in a process known as autophagy. This self-destruction mechanism is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating damaged or unnecessary components. Lysosomes play a crucial role in recycling cellular materials and maintaining the overall health and function of the cell.

The correct answer is Chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain thylakoids. Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments within chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy, which is used to produce glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts are responsible for the green color of plants and are essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.

The correct answer is Chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain thylakoids. Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments within the chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place. They are responsible for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy through a series of biochemical reactions. Therefore, chloroplasts are the organelles that contain thylakoids. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell, while mitochondria are organelles involved in cellular respiration. None of these options contain thylakoids, making Chloroplast the correct answer.

Lysosomes are organelles in a cell that are responsible for recycling old or damaged organelles. They contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris, allowing the cell to eliminate these waste products and reuse the building blocks for new organelles or molecules. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the cell by ensuring the removal of damaged or unnecessary components.

Mitochondria is the correct answer because it is the organelle responsible for breaking down sugar to produce cellular energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration. This organelle contains enzymes that break down glucose and other molecules to release energy that is used by the cell for various functions. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell due to their role in energy production.

Lysosomes are the organelles in a cell that contain hydrolytic enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are involved in various cellular processes such as digestion, recycling of cellular components, and defense against pathogens. Golgi bodies are responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins, while mitochondria are responsible for energy production. Therefore, neither Golgi bodies nor mitochondria contain hydrolytic enzymes like lysosomes do.

Chromatin is the correct answer because it is the material that makes up the chromosomes in a cell when the DNA is uncoiled. Chromatin consists of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and it is found in the nucleus of a cell when the cell is not dividing. During cell division, the chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes. Plastids are organelles involved in photosynthesis and storage, centromere is a region on a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together, and none of the above options accurately describe the organelle in question.

Golgi bodies are responsible for modifying and packaging proteins in a cell. They receive proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modify them by adding sugars, lipids, or other molecules. These modified proteins are then packaged into vesicles and transported to their final destinations within or outside the cell. Therefore, Golgi bodies are the organelles in a cell that secrete many modified proteins.

The endomembrane system includes various organelles involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell. The nucleus envelope is a part of this system as it surrounds and protects the nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are also part of the endomembrane system, involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. The cell membrane is included as it is responsible for maintaining the cell's integrity and regulating the passage of molecules. The golgi apparatus and vacuole are involved in processing and packaging proteins for transport. Lysosomes are also part of the endomembrane system, responsible for digesting cellular waste materials. Therefore, all the options listed are part of the endomembrane system.

Microfilaments are the organelles in a cell associated with cell movement. They are thin, thread-like structures made up of actin protein. Microfilaments play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell migration, muscle contraction, and cell division. They provide structural support to the cell and help in the formation of cell protrusions like filopodia and lamellipodia, which are essential for cell movement. Therefore, microfilaments are directly involved in cell motility and are the correct answer for the organelle associated with cell movement.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for detoxifying alcohol in the liver. It contains enzymes that break down alcohol into less harmful substances. This organelle is involved in various metabolic processes, including lipid synthesis, drug metabolism, and detoxification of harmful substances. Therefore, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer for this question.

Mitochondria is the correct answer because it is the organelle in a cell that contains cristae. Cristae are the folds found in the inner membrane of mitochondria, which increase the surface area for cellular respiration and ATP production. Therefore, mitochondria play a crucial role in producing energy for the cell.

Desmosomes are the correct answer because they are a type of anchoring junction found in cells. Desmosomes are specialized protein structures that function to anchor cells together, providing strength and stability to tissues. They are particularly important in tissues that experience mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Desmosomes consist of proteins called cadherins that connect to intermediate filaments inside the cells, forming strong connections between adjacent cells. This allows for the transfer of mechanical forces between cells and helps to maintain tissue integrity. Chromosomes and golgi bodies are not involved in anchoring junctions, so they are not the correct answer.