CCNA Security V2.0 Final Exam

Based on the configuration shown, only the signatures in the ios_ips basic category will be compiled into memory for scanning. This means that only the signatures within this category will be used for scanning purposes, while signatures in other categories will not be included in the scanning process.

A local username database provides redundancy if ACS servers become unreachable. This means that if the ACS servers are not available for authentication, the local username database can still be used to authenticate local clients. This ensures that authentication services can still be provided even in the event of server failure or unavailability.

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a protocol commonly used in server-based AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) implementations. It allows routers and other network devices to communicate with the AAA server for user authentication and authorization. RADIUS provides a centralized authentication and authorization mechanism, allowing the router to verify user credentials and grant or deny access based on the information received from the AAA server. Therefore, RADIUS is the correct protocol for successful communication between the router and the AAA server in a server-based AAA implementation.

The security levels of the interfaces on the ASA determine the flow of traffic. In this scenario, the LAN and DMZ have higher security levels compared to the Internet. According to the answer, traffic sent from the DMZ and the LAN to the Internet is considered outbound. This means that traffic originating from the protected networks (LAN and DMZ) and going towards the less secure network (Internet) is allowed.

Signature-based IDS/IPS alarms are designed to detect specific patterns or signatures in network traffic. In this case, the alarm will look for packets that are destined to or from a particular port. It will compare the network traffic against a database of known signatures or patterns associated with malicious activity, and if a match is found, it will trigger an alarm. This method is effective for detecting known threats and attacks, but it may not be as effective against new or unknown threats.

Enabling OSPF routing protocol authentication on a network helps to prevent data traffic from being redirected and then discarded. This is because authentication ensures that only trusted routers are allowed to participate in the OSPF routing process, preventing unauthorized redirection of traffic. Additionally, enabling authentication helps to prevent redirection of data traffic to an insecure link, as only authenticated routers are allowed to exchange routing information. By implementing authentication, the network can ensure the integrity and security of the routing process, minimizing the risk of data traffic being redirected or compromised.

Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) should be configured on an uplink port to another switch. This is because DAI is a security feature that validates ARP packets and prevents ARP spoofing attacks. By configuring DAI on the uplink port, the switch can inspect and verify ARP packets coming from other switches before forwarding them to the network. This helps ensure the integrity of the ARP process and protects against malicious activities. Configuring DAI on other types of ports, such as access ports or untrusted ports, may not provide the same level of protection.

The default preconfigured interface for the outside network on a Cisco ASA 5505 is VLAN 2.

The TACACS+ protocol encrypts the entire body of the packet, ensuring more secure communication. This encryption helps protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or interception. By encrypting the entire packet, TACACS+ provides an additional layer of security, making it harder for attackers to decipher the contents of the communication. This feature enhances the overall security of the protocol and helps safeguard the integrity and confidentiality of the transmitted data.

The benefit of the network-based IPS (NIPS) over host-based IPS (HIPS) deployment models is that NIPS monitors network segments. Unlike HIPS, which focuses on individual host protection, NIPS is designed to monitor and analyze network traffic across multiple hosts and devices within a network segment. This allows NIPS to detect and prevent network-based attacks, such as unauthorized access attempts, malware infections, and data breaches, at a broader level, providing a more comprehensive and efficient security solution for the entire network.

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Based on the security levels of the interfaces on ASA1, the traffic that will be allowed is traffic from the LAN and DMZ accessing the Internet. This is because the security levels are set in a way that allows traffic to flow from higher security levels to lower security levels. The LAN and DMZ have lower security levels than the Internet, so traffic from these interfaces can access the Internet. However, traffic from the Internet and LAN cannot access the DMZ, and traffic from the Internet and DMZ cannot access the LAN.

A best practice concerning discovery protocols such as CDP and LLDP on network devices is to disable both protocols on all interfaces where they are not required. This helps to minimize unnecessary network traffic and potential security risks. By disabling these protocols on unused interfaces, network administrators can ensure that only necessary devices are participating in the discovery process, improving overall network efficiency and security.

The function of a policy map configuration when an ASA firewall is being configured is to bind class maps with actions. A policy map is used to define the actions that should be taken on specific classes of traffic. Class maps are used to identify specific types of traffic based on criteria such as protocol, source or destination IP address, or port number. By binding class maps with actions in a policy map, the firewall can apply specific actions, such as prioritizing or dropping traffic, based on the identified classes of traffic.

BPDU guard and PortFast should be configured on end-user ports in order to prevent STP manipulation attacks. BPDU guard is used to prevent unauthorized devices from sending BPDUs, which can be used to manipulate the STP topology. PortFast allows the port to transition immediately to the forwarding state, bypassing the listening and learning states, which reduces the window of opportunity for an attacker to manipulate the STP. By enabling both features, the network can protect against STP manipulation attacks and maintain a secure and stable STP topology.

The correct answer is "aaa accounting exec start-stop group tacacs+". This command enables accounting for EXEC session commands and logs their use. The "start-stop" option ensures that the start and stop times of each session are recorded. The "group tacacs+" specifies that the accounting information should be sent to a TACACS+ server for centralized logging and auditing.

When the priority of the switches is the same, the root bridge is determined based on the layer 2 address with the lowest hexadecimal value. Each switch has a unique layer 2 address, also known as a MAC address, which is used to identify it on the network. The switch with the lowest MAC address, when compared in hexadecimal format, is selected as the root bridge. This ensures that there is a consistent and deterministic method of selecting the root bridge in cases where the switch priorities are equal.

ZPF allows interfaces to be placed into zones for IP inspection, which provides better control and visibility over network traffic. The ZPF is not dependent on ACLs, eliminating the need for complex access control configurations and simplifying the firewall setup. ZPF policies are easy to read and troubleshoot, making it easier for administrators to understand and maintain the firewall rules.

When the TACACS+ server goes offline, the router will not be able to authenticate users using TACACS+. However, since the "none" keyword is specified in the authentication configuration, the router will not fall back to any other authentication method. Therefore, users will not be able to authenticate and access the router until the TACACS+ server comes back online or an alternative authentication method is configured.

On an ASA 5505 device, the traffic that is subject to filtering is "inside to DMZ". This means that any traffic originating from the internal network (inside) and going towards the demilitarized zone (DMZ) will be filtered and inspected by the ASA 5505 device. This allows for greater control and security measures to be applied to the traffic flowing between these two zones, ensuring that any potential threats or unauthorized access attempts are detected and blocked.

The Cisco ASA 5500-X with FirePOWER service offers two new features when compared with the original ASA 5500 series: advanced malware protection and application control and URL filtering. Advanced malware protection helps to detect and block sophisticated malware threats, providing an additional layer of security. Application control and URL filtering allow administrators to control and manage the applications and websites that can be accessed through the firewall, enhancing network security and preventing unauthorized access and data breaches.

The Cisco AnyConnect VPN Wizard allows users to select SSL and IPsec protocols to protect the traffic inside a VPN tunnel. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a widely used protocol that provides secure communication over the internet, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols that authenticates and encrypts IP packets, providing secure communication between network devices. Both SSL and IPsec protocols are commonly used in VPNs to ensure secure and private communication between remote users and the corporate network.

An ASA site-to-site VPN can be configured using ASDM to connect two different networks securely. The VPN can be established between two ASA devices or between an ASA device and an ISR router. Therefore, the two end points that can be on the other side of an ASA site-to-site VPN configured using ASDM are an ISR router and another ASA device.

Digital signing provides two assurances about code downloaded from the internet: the code has not been modified since it left the software publisher, and the code is authentic and actually sourced by the publisher. Digital signing uses cryptographic techniques to create a unique signature for the code, which can be verified by the recipient. This ensures that the code has not been tampered with and that it originates from the trusted publisher. It does not guarantee that the code is error-free or virus-free, nor does it involve encryption with private and public keys.

Implementing encryption for sensitive traffic is the best security measure to limit the success of a reconnaissance attack from within a campus area network. Encryption ensures that the data being transmitted is secure and cannot be easily intercepted or understood by unauthorized individuals. By encrypting sensitive traffic, even if an attacker gains access to the network, they will not be able to decipher the encrypted data, thereby protecting the confidentiality and integrity of the information. This measure is particularly important when dealing with sensitive data such as personal information, financial transactions, or confidential business communications.

The GRE protocol is used to encapsulate multiple OSI Layer 3 protocol packet types inside an IP tunnel. This means that it allows different types of network protocols to be transmitted over an IP network. By encapsulating these packets, the GRE protocol enables the transmission of diverse protocols such as IP, IPX, and AppleTalk over an IP network infrastructure.

The ASA 5505 device will deny traffic in two instances: when traffic originates from the DMZ network and is going to the inside network, and when traffic originates from the outside network and is going to the inside network. This means that any traffic coming from the DMZ network and any traffic coming from the outside network and trying to reach the inside network will be blocked by the ASA 5505 device.

The Security Plus upgrade license of an ASA 5505 provides the feature of redundant ISP connections, which allows for increased availability. This means that the ASA 5505 can have multiple internet service providers (ISPs) connected to it, ensuring that if one ISP goes down or experiences issues, the ASA can automatically switch to the backup ISP without any interruption in connectivity. This redundancy feature helps to ensure that the network remains accessible and available even in the event of an ISP failure.

A security awareness session is best suited for the topic of "how to install and maintain virus protection" because it focuses on educating individuals about the necessary steps to protect their systems from viruses. This topic is crucial in promoting awareness and providing practical knowledge on virus protection, which is a fundamental aspect of maintaining security in any organization or personal computer.

The first drawback is that assigning a command with multiple keywords allows access to all commands using those keywords. This means that if a user is granted access to a command with multiple keywords, they will have access to all commands associated with those keywords, even if they were not explicitly granted access to them. This can lead to potential security risks if sensitive commands are inadvertently made accessible.

The second drawback is that commands from a lower privilege level are always executable at a higher level. This means that if a user has a lower privilege level and is granted access to a specific command, they can still execute that command at a higher privilege level. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive commands or configurations.

The Tripwire network security tool provides the function of security policy compliance. This means that it helps ensure that an organization's systems and networks are in adherence to the established security policies and standards. It helps detect any unauthorized changes or modifications in the system configuration and alerts the administrators, enabling them to take necessary actions to maintain compliance and prevent potential security breaches.

A technical security policy is a set of guidelines and procedures that outline the measures to be taken to protect an organization's technical infrastructure. The three components of a technical security policy mentioned in the answer are:

1. Acceptable Use Policy: This policy defines the acceptable and unacceptable use of an organization's technology resources by its employees. It helps in ensuring that employees understand their responsibilities and obligations when using company resources.

2. Remote Access Policy: This policy governs the secure remote access to an organization's network and systems. It establishes guidelines for accessing the network remotely, including authentication requirements, encryption standards, and acceptable use of remote access tools.

3. Network Access Policy: This policy outlines the rules and procedures for granting and managing access to an organization's network. It includes guidelines for network authentication, access control, and monitoring to protect against unauthorized access and ensure network security.

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a security implementation that provides management plane protection for a network device. RBAC ensures that only authorized individuals with specific roles and responsibilities can access and manage the device. It assigns permissions and privileges based on the user's role, allowing them to perform only the necessary actions. This helps in preventing unauthorized access and potential security breaches, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the network device.

A stateful firewall uses connection information maintained in a state table to keep track of the state of network connections. This allows the firewall to make more informed decisions about allowing or blocking traffic. Additionally, a stateful firewall analyzes traffic at Layers 3, 4, and 5 of the OSI model, which includes the network, transport, and session layers. By inspecting traffic at these layers, the firewall can gain a deeper understanding of the data being transmitted and make more accurate decisions about whether to allow or block it.

When an organization configures an IPS solution to use atomic alerts, an alert will be triggered each time a signature is detected. This means that whenever the IPS system identifies a specific pattern or behavior that matches a known threat, it will immediately generate an alert to notify the administrators or security personnel. This allows for a real-time response to potential security incidents, enabling prompt investigation and mitigation actions to be taken.

A stateful signature is also known as a composite signature. This term is used to describe a signature that incorporates multiple components or elements, often representing different aspects or attributes of the signer. The composite signature can be used to provide a more comprehensive and detailed representation of the signer's identity or authorization. It may involve combining different types of signatures, such as digital signatures, biometric signatures, or cryptographic signatures, to create a more robust and secure authentication method.

The two practices associated with securing the features and performance of router operating systems are keeping a secure copy of router operating system images and configuring the router with the maximum amount of memory possible. Keeping a secure copy of the operating system images ensures that in case of any issues or attacks, the router can be restored to a known, secure state. Configuring the router with maximum memory allows it to handle larger workloads and prevents performance degradation.

The two algorithms that can be part of an IPsec policy to provide encryption and hashing to protect interesting traffic are AES and SHA. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that provides strong encryption for data confidentiality. SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) is a hashing algorithm that ensures data integrity by generating a unique hash value for the transmitted data. Both AES and SHA are commonly used in IPsec to secure network communications.

The correct answer states that SDEE notification is disabled by default, meaning that it does not receive and process events from the Cisco IOS IPS unless SDEE notification is enabled. This implies that the user must specifically enable SDEE notification in order to receive and process events from the Cisco IOS IPS.

To remotely manage multiple ASAs with Cisco ASDM, two conditions must be met. First, all ASAs must be running the same version of ASDM. This ensures compatibility and allows for seamless management across the network. Second, ASDM must be run as a local application, meaning it should be installed and accessed from the administrator's local machine. This allows for remote access and control of the ASAs without physically being present at each device.

Local AAA authentication provides a way to configure backup methods of authentication, which means that if the primary authentication method fails, the device can fall back to a secondary method for authentication. On the other hand, the login local command does not provide this capability. It simply requires the administrator to manually configure the usernames and passwords on the device. Therefore, the major difference between local AAA authentication and using the login local command is that local AAA authentication allows for backup authentication methods, while login local does not.

The correct answer states that the "single-connection" command allows a Cisco ACS server to minimize delay by establishing persistent TCP connections. This means that instead of establishing a new TCP session for every authorization request, the server maintains a single connection, reducing the overhead and delay associated with establishing multiple connections. This can improve the efficiency and performance of the AAA operation.

SIEM can be implemented as software or as a service, allowing organizations to choose the deployment method that best suits their needs and infrastructure. It examines logs and events from systems and applications to detect security threats, helping to identify and respond to potential attacks. Additionally, SIEM consolidates duplicate event data to minimize the volume of gathered data, making it easier for security teams to analyze and prioritize security events.

Promiscuous ports and community ports belonging to the same community can send and receive Layer 2 traffic from a community port on a PVLAN. Promiscuous ports are able to communicate with all ports within the PVLAN, including community ports. Community ports belonging to the same community can also communicate with each other within the PVLAN. Therefore, these two options are the correct choices for sending and receiving Layer 2 traffic from a community port on a PVLAN.

The output of the command "show port-security interface fa 0/2" indicates that the port is currently up and there is no device currently connected to this port. It also shows that security violations will cause this port to shut down immediately. Therefore, the correct conclusions from the output are: This port is currently up, security violations will cause this port to shut down immediately, and there is no device currently connected to this port.

Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) is a security feature that can help mitigate the chances of ARP spoofing. ARP spoofing is a technique used by attackers to intercept network traffic and launch various attacks. DAI validates the ARP packets by verifying the IP-to-MAC address bindings in the DHCP snooping database, thus preventing ARP spoofing attacks. Enabling DAI on the management VLAN ensures that the ARP packets on the management VLAN are inspected and validated, reducing the chances of ARP spoofing and enhancing network security.

The two statements that describe the 8 Ethernet ports in the backplane of a Cisco ASA 5506-X device are:
1) These ports all require IP addresses - This means that each of the Ethernet ports needs to be assigned an IP address in order to function properly.
2) They are all routed ports - This indicates that all of the Ethernet ports are configured to operate in a routed mode, allowing them to forward traffic between different networks.

The user ADMIN is assigned privilege level 14, which allows them to issue the show version command. Additionally, the user can only execute the subcommands under the show ip route command. This means they have restricted access and can only view specific information related to routing.