CCNA Security Final Exam Quiz

TACACS+ and RADIUS are two protocols used by AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) to authenticate users against a central database of usernames and passwords. TACACS+ provides separate authentication, authorization, and accounting functions, while RADIUS combines authentication and authorization. These protocols ensure secure access to network resources by verifying user credentials against a central database, preventing unauthorized access.

The network administrator has configured the alert generation of the IPS device to generate a single alert for the first packet that matches a specific signature. Any subsequent packets that match the same signature are not sent as individual alerts, but are instead counted. After a specified time period, an alert is sent indicating the number of alarms that occurred during that time interval. This configuration is known as "summary alerts," where multiple alarms are summarized and reported as a single alert.

The correct order of the system development cycle (SDLC) phases is as follows: initiation, acquisition and development, implementation, operations and maintenance, and disposition. This means that the phases occur in the order of initiation, followed by acquisition and development, implementation, operations and maintenance, and finally disposition.

When role-based CLI is used, only the "Root" view has the ability to add or remove commands from existing views. This means that only the highest level of access, which is the root level, has the authority to modify the commands available in other views. Other roles or views may have limited permissions and restrictions, but the root view holds the ultimate control over the commands in the CLI.

The possible cause of the problem is that the password cisco123 is wrong. This means that the administrator is using an incorrect password to gain Telnet access to RouterB.

Clientless mode is a type of SSL VPN that allows users to access a network without the need for VPN software or a Java applet on the client device. In this mode, users can connect to the network using only a web browser, eliminating the need for additional software installations. This provides a convenient and streamlined approach to VPN access, as users can securely connect to the network from any device with a web browser, without the need for specific VPN client software.

A network security professional would mitigate a DoS (Denial of Service) attack by including a firewall and IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) in the network security design. A firewall acts as a barrier between the internal network and external threats, filtering and blocking unauthorized access. An IPS monitors network traffic, detects and prevents malicious activities, including DoS attacks. By implementing these measures, the network security professional can effectively prevent and mitigate the impact of a DoS attack on the network.

The Cisco AnyConnect VPN wizard allows the use of SSH and IPsec protocols for tunnel group configuration. SSH (Secure Shell) provides a secure remote login and command execution, making it suitable for secure access to network devices. IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a suite of protocols that provide secure communication over IP networks, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data. These protocols are commonly used in VPN configurations to establish secure connections between remote users and the network.

The "no service password-recovery" command disables the ability to access ROMMON. ROMMON (ROM Monitor) is a low-level software that runs on Cisco devices, allowing users to recover passwords or perform other troubleshooting tasks. By disabling this command, users will no longer be able to access ROMMON, limiting their ability to recover passwords or perform any other actions that require ROMMON access.

Using an authentication server would be commonly implemented as part of a large enterprise wireless policy but would not typically be used in a small office/home office network. An authentication server is used to centrally manage and control user access to the wireless network, providing a higher level of security and control. In a large enterprise, where there are multiple users and devices accessing the network, it is important to have a centralized authentication mechanism. However, in a small office/home office network, where the number of users and devices is limited, using an authentication server may not be necessary or cost-effective.

The correct answer is "permit icmp any any nd-ns" and "permit icmp any any nd-na". These two commands allow ICMP Neighbor Discovery Neighbor Solicitation (nd-ns) and Neighbor Advertisement (nd-na) messages to pass through the IPv6 ACL. Neighbor Discovery is an essential protocol in IPv6 that allows devices to discover and communicate with other devices on the same network. By permitting these ICMP messages, the ACL ensures that neighbor discovery functions properly in the IPv6 network.

The correct answer is security policy. A security policy is a document that outlines the guidelines and procedures for ensuring the security of an organization's assets, including physical security. It would contain procedures for handling security incidents such as unauthorized access to the server room and the removal of storage drives. This policy would help establish protocols for preventing and responding to such incidents to protect sensitive information and maintain the integrity of the network.

The best way to prevent a VLAN hopping attack is to disable trunk negotiation for trunk ports and statically set nontrunk ports as access ports. By doing this, the network administrator can ensure that only authorized devices can access the VLANs. Trunk negotiation should be disabled to prevent unauthorized devices from negotiating a trunk connection and gaining access to multiple VLANs. Statically setting nontrunk ports as access ports ensures that these ports can only access a single VLAN, further preventing unauthorized access.

PVLAN Edge is a Cisco switch security feature that provides isolation between two devices connected to the same switch. PVLAN Edge allows the switch to treat each device as if it is connected to a separate switch, preventing communication between the two devices. This feature ensures that the devices are completely isolated from each other, enhancing network security and preventing unauthorized access or communication.

ASA ACLs use the subnet mask in defining a network, whereas IOS ACLs use the wildcard mask. Subnet masks are used to determine the network portion of an IP address, while wildcard masks are used to specify which bits in the IP address should be matched. This means that ASA ACLs are more specific in defining the network, as they require an exact match of the subnet mask. On the other hand, IOS ACLs provide more flexibility by allowing the use of wildcard masks, which can match multiple subnets or ranges of IP addresses.

DH (Diffie-Hellman) algorithm is used to automatically generate a shared secret for two systems to use in establishing an IPsec VPN. DES (Data Encryption Standard), 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard), ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), AH (Authentication Header), and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) are all encryption protocols or algorithms, but they are not specifically used for generating shared secrets in IPsec VPNs.

The main difference between the implementation of IDS and IPS devices is that an IDS would allow malicious traffic to pass before it is addressed, whereas an IPS stops it immediately. This means that an IDS is more passive in nature, detecting and alerting about malicious activity but not taking immediate action to prevent it. On the other hand, an IPS actively blocks and prevents malicious traffic from entering the network, providing a higher level of security.

Corporations have been shifting remote access security policies to include support for ASA SSL VPNs in order to support secure access for users on a multitude of devices. This is because ASA SSL VPNs provide a secure and encrypted connection for users accessing the corporate network remotely, regardless of the device they are using. By implementing ASA SSL VPNs, corporations can ensure that employees can securely access company resources from various devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets, without compromising the security of the network.

SSL VPNs do not require any pre-installed client software, which is an advantage compared to IPsec VPNs on an ASA. This means that users can access the VPN without having to install any additional software on their devices, making it more convenient and user-friendly. It also reduces the complexity and potential compatibility issues that may arise from requiring client software installations.

A designated port is a port on a non-root bridge that is selected to forward traffic towards the root bridge. While the root port is the port on a non-root bridge that is closest to the root bridge and is responsible for forwarding traffic towards it, the designated port is also permitted to forward traffic but may not be the closest port to the root bridge. Therefore, the designated port is the correct answer.

The most effective way to use ACLs to control Telnet traffic that is destined to the router itself is to apply the ACL to all vty lines in the in direction. This prevents unwanted users from connecting to an unsecured port and ensures that only authorized users can access the router through Telnet. Applying the ACL to the vty lines without the in or out option, as mentioned in the first option, is incorrect because it does not specify the direction of traffic. Applying the ACL to the Telnet port with the ip access-group command, as mentioned in the second option, is also incorrect because the ACL needs to be applied to the vty lines, not the specific port. Applying the ACL to each vty line individually, as mentioned in the third option, is not necessary because applying it to all vty lines in the in direction achieves the desired control.

The message in the syslog server indicates a normal but significant condition. It is not an alert message that requires immediate action, nor is it an error message indicating that the system is unusable. Additionally, there is no mention of warning conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is that this is a notification message for a normal but significant condition.

An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) must track the state of packets related to the attack in order to detect attacks matching a composite signature. By monitoring the state of packets, the IPS can analyze the behavior and characteristics of the attack. This includes tracking the sequence of packets, their source and destination, payload content, and any anomalies or patterns that indicate a potential attack. By understanding the state of packets, the IPS can effectively detect and prevent attacks that match a composite signature.

Worms are more network-based than viruses because they are designed to spread quickly across computer networks, infecting multiple devices and systems. Unlike viruses, which typically require user interaction or the execution of a program to spread, worms can self-replicate and spread automatically without any user intervention. This makes worms a greater threat as they can rapidly infect a large number of devices and cause widespread damage to network infrastructure.

If the SAN fabric in a corporate network is compromised, it means that unauthorized individuals or entities have gained access to the storage area network. This can lead to the compromise of sensitive data stored within the SAN. The attackers may be able to access, modify, or steal the data, potentially causing significant damage to the organization. Therefore, the correct answer is that data is compromised.

In a syslog implementation, a router that generates and forwards syslog messages is known as a syslog client.

Community strings are used to authenticate SNMPv2 messages between the manager and the agent. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices. The community string acts as a password or shared secret between the manager and the agent. When a manager sends a request to an agent, it includes the community string. The agent checks if the received community string matches the one configured on its side. If there is a match, the agent accepts the request and responds accordingly. This helps ensure that only authorized managers can access and control the SNMP agent.

SANS is the correct answer because it is a well-known security organization that regularly updates training material for the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC). SANS offers a wide range of cybersecurity courses and certifications, and their training material is highly regarded in the industry. They provide up-to-date information and resources to help individuals prepare for the GIAC certification, ensuring that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to excel in the field of information security.

The correct answer is the pair of commands:

R1# crypto isakmp key ciscopass address 209.165.200.227
R2# crypto isakmp key ciscopass address 209.165.200.226

This is because the "crypto isakmp key" command is used to configure a pre-shared key (PSK) for IPsec VPN authentication. In this case, the PSK is "ciscopass". The first command configures the PSK on R1 with the IP address of R2 (209.165.200.227), and the second command configures the PSK on R2 with the IP address of R1 (209.165.200.226). This ensures that both routers have the correct PSK configured for authentication when establishing an IPsec VPN tunnel.

When a user is connecting to a Cisco ASA through a remote-access SSL VPN, the local user software generates a shared-secret key. This key is used for authentication and encryption purposes between the user's device and the Cisco ASA. It is called a shared-secret key because it is shared between the user's software and the ASA, allowing them to establish a secure connection.

In this scenario, Zone A is the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone), which typically contains servers or services that are accessible from the internet but separated from the internal network. Zone B is the Outside, which refers to the internet or any external network. Zone C is the Inside, which represents the internal network of an organization. By denying traffic originating from Zone A to Zone C and from Zone B to Zone C, the administrator is ensuring that communication between the DMZ and the Inside network is restricted, providing an additional layer of security.

3DES, also known as Triple Data Encryption Standard, uses the method of encrypting the data, then decrypting it, and finally encrypting it again using three different keys. This process provides a higher level of security compared to regular DES encryption. By applying multiple rounds of encryption and decryption, 3DES enhances the confidentiality and integrity of the data being transmitted or stored.

Packet-filtering firewalls typically operate at the network layer of the OSI model, allowing them to filter based on IP addresses, ports, and protocols. They can examine individual packets and make decisions based on this information. On the other hand, stateful firewalls operate at a higher layer, typically the session layer. They can keep track of the state of connections and make decisions based on the context of the entire session. This allows stateful firewalls to have more advanced filtering capabilities compared to packet-filtering firewalls.

The correct answer is "debug aaa authentication". This command would be used by the network administrator to determine which AAA method list is being used for this particular user as they log on. By enabling the "debug aaa authentication" command, the administrator can view the authentication process in real-time, including the AAA method list being used for the user. This can help in troubleshooting and identifying any issues with the authentication process that may be preventing the user from gaining access to the network.

The correct answer is FW(config)# interface g0/1. This completes the classic firewall configuration by configuring the interface g0/1 with the "ip inspect OUTBOUND in" command to enable outbound traffic inspection and the "ip access-group INSIDE in" command to apply the access group INSIDE to inbound traffic on the interface. This ensures that outbound traffic is inspected and inbound traffic is filtered according to the rules defined in the access group.

The cause of the problem is that the "no shutdown" command should be entered on interface Ethernet 0/1. This command is used to enable the interface and bring it up. Without this command, the interface will remain in a shutdown state and will not be able to receive or send any traffic. By entering the "no shutdown" command on interface Ethernet 0/1, the interface will be activated and the inside host will be able to ping the inside interface of the ASA 5505.

The risk analysis component of security policy development answers the question of what is the cost versus benefit analysis of implementing various security technologies. This component evaluates the potential risks and threats faced by the organization and assesses the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different security technologies in mitigating those risks. It helps in determining the appropriate allocation of resources and investment in security measures based on the potential benefits and costs associated with each technology.

An example of toll fraud is the use of a telephony system to make unauthorized long distance calls. This refers to the act of using someone else's telephony system without permission to make long distance calls, resulting in the unauthorized use of resources and costs for the owner of the system.

By implementing a secure email service using the Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA), one benefit is that it obtains real-time updates from the Cisco SIO. This means that the ESA can stay up to date with the latest information and intelligence about potential threats and vulnerabilities. This allows the ESA to effectively protect against new and emerging threats, ensuring that the email service remains secure and protected.

Implementing separate voice VLANs is one way to prevent attackers from eavesdropping on VoIP conversations. By separating voice traffic from other network traffic, voice VLANs ensure that only authorized devices have access to the VoIP conversations. This helps to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the conversations by preventing unauthorized users from intercepting the traffic.

In this scenario, the correct answer is anomaly-based detection. Anomaly-based detection involves creating a profile of normal network behavior by monitoring network activities during typical network usage. This profile is then used by the IPS triggering mechanism to identify any excessive activity that deviates from the normal pattern. When such activity is detected, alarms are generated to alert the system operators. This approach is effective in identifying unknown or new types of attacks that may not have a specific signature or pattern associated with them.

In this scenario, a symmetric key should be used to design a virtual private network between two branch routers. A symmetric key is a single shared key that is used for both encryption and decryption of data. Since the two routers are within the same network, using a symmetric key will provide a more efficient and faster encryption process compared to asymmetric keys. Asymmetric keys involve a pair of keys, one for encryption and another for decryption, which can be more complex and resource-intensive. Therefore, a symmetric key is the most suitable choice for this scenario.

A port scan attack aims to achieve three goals. First, it is used to determine potential vulnerabilities in a system by identifying open ports that could be exploited. Second, it helps in identifying the operating system running on the target system, which can provide valuable information for further attacks. Lastly, a port scan is used to identify active services running on the target system, which can help an attacker understand the network infrastructure and potential entry points.

Authenticated TLS helps protect a VoIP system from SPIT (Spam over Internet Telephony) attacks. SPIT attacks involve the flooding of unwanted and unsolicited messages or calls in a VoIP system. Authenticated TLS (Transport Layer Security) ensures secure communication by encrypting data and providing authentication between the parties involved. This prevents unauthorized access, tampering, and eavesdropping, thereby safeguarding the VoIP system from SPIT attacks.

The command "login block-for" must be issued to enable login enhancements on a Cisco router. This command is used to configure a login block timer, which prevents further login attempts for a specified period after a certain number of failed attempts. By using this command, the router can enhance security by blocking repeated login attempts and protecting against brute force attacks.

PortFast with BPDU guard enabled can cause a switch port to become error-disabled because it detects the presence of a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) on a PortFast enabled port, which indicates the connection of a switch or bridge. This is a security feature that prevents loops in the network.

Port security with the shutdown violation mode can also cause a switch port to become error-disabled. This feature is used to restrict the number of MAC addresses allowed on a port and if a violation occurs (e.g., when a new MAC address is detected), the port will be shut down to prevent unauthorized access.

A centralized NTP (Network Time Protocol) server will help the process of correlating attack events happening simultaneously in different points of the network. NTP ensures that all devices on the network have synchronized and accurate time, which is crucial for accurately correlating events. By having a centralized NTP server, all IPS sensors will be able to reference the same time source, allowing for better correlation and analysis of attack events.

Logging into a computer as the administrator just to surf the web is a violation of the security technique known as "least privilege." Least privilege principle states that users should only be given the minimum level of access necessary to perform their tasks. By logging in as the administrator, the user has access to all the privileges and resources on the computer, which is unnecessary and increases the risk of unauthorized access or malicious activities. This violates the principle of least privilege.

An explanation for the given correct answer is that network IPS is unable to examine encrypted traffic, which means that it cannot detect and prevent attacks that are hidden within encrypted data. Additionally, network IPS may have a difficult time reconstructing fragmented traffic, making it challenging to determine if an attack was successful or not. These two disadvantages highlight limitations in the effectiveness of network IPS in certain situations.

The correct answer is clientless SSL VPN. This is because a clientless SSL VPN allows users to remotely access a network resource using a web browser without the need to install any additional software. It provides secure access to web-based applications and resources. In this scenario, the administrator is implementing VPN support on an ASA 5505, and the fact that it is clientless means that users will be able to connect to the VPN using a web browser rather than a dedicated VPN client.