Cardiovascular System Medical Terminology

Capillaries are the vessels that connect arterioles and venules. They are the smallest blood vessels in the body and play a crucial role in the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls, which allow for efficient diffusion of substances. Unlike arterioles and venules, capillaries have a single layer of endothelial cells, which further facilitates the exchange of substances. Therefore, capillaries are the correct answer to the question.

The term for the double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart is called the pericardium. The pericardium acts as a protective layer for the heart, preventing friction between the heart and surrounding structures. It also helps to maintain the position of the heart within the chest cavity. The pericardium is composed of two layers, the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium.

The left lower chamber of the heart is called the left ventricle. It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right ventricle, as it needs to generate enough force to propel blood throughout the systemic circulation.

The lower right chamber of the heart is called the right ventricle. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The right ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right atrium, as it needs to generate enough force to propel blood through the pulmonary artery and into the lungs.

The left upper chamber of the heart is called the left atrium. It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood out to the rest of the body. The left atrium is responsible for maintaining the flow of blood through the heart and plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The term for the muscular middle layer of the heart is myocardium. The myocardium is responsible for the contraction and pumping action of the heart. It is composed of cardiac muscle cells that are interconnected and work together to ensure the efficient circulation of blood throughout the body. The myocardium is thicker in the left ventricle, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, compared to the right ventricle.

Veins are the correct answer because they are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Unlike arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins transport deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues back to the heart. Capillaries, on the other hand, are the tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

The correct answer is "Right atrium." The right atrium is the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava and then pumps it into the right ventricle.

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They have thick, muscular walls that help them withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

The muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side is called the septum. It acts as a barrier, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart. The septum ensures that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body while deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

The smooth layer of cells that line the inside of the heart is called the endocardium. This layer acts as a protective barrier and helps to maintain the smooth flow of blood through the heart. It is made up of endothelial cells and connective tissue, and it is essential for the proper functioning of the heart. The endocardium also plays a role in preventing blood clots and regulating the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles.

The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. It is also known as the bicuspid valve because it consists of two flaps or cusps. The mitral valve ensures that blood flows in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle, preventing any backflow. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the heart by allowing efficient blood circulation throughout the body.

The valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta is called the aortic valve. This valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The aortic valve opens when the ventricle contracts and closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when it relaxes.

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve. This valve has three cusps or flaps that open and close to allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle and prevent backflow. It is named tricuspid because of its three cusps.

The correct answer is the pulmonary valve. This valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, ensuring that blood flows in the correct direction from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary valve consists of three cusps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow.