The Heart: Part 1 (Pretest)

12 Questions | By Carmen.lydell | Last updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Total Attempts: 117

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In humans and other mammals and in birds, the heart is a four-chambered double pump that is the center of the circulatory system. The heart is essentially a muscle and like any other muscle in the human body, it contracts and expands. Take the pretest below on the heart and get to learn more.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following organs generally receives the greatest radiation dose during Cardiac CT?
- A.
  
  Stomach
- B.
  
  Breast
- C.
  
  Heart
- D.
  
  Esophagus
2.

Which of the following options will lead to the greatest reduction in radiations exposure to the patient?
- A.
  
  Decreasing peak tube voltage from 120 to 100 kVp
- B.
  
  Decreasing tube current from 500 to 400 mAs
- C.
  
  Increasing collimation from 64 x 0.5 to 32 x 1mm
- D.
  
  Decreasing pitch from 0.3 to 0.2
3.

Which of the following should be considered in preparation for a cardiac CT scan to assess for anomalous coronary artery origin in a 32 year woman with a heart rate of 86 bpm despite beta-blocker administration?
- A.
  
  Increase pitch from 0.2 to 0.4
- B.
  
  Prospective ECG-triggering instead of retrospective ECG-gating
- C.
  
  Dual source CT and retrospective ECG-gating
- D.
  
  MRI examination
4.

A major reason why thin collimation and thin slice reconstruction are required for coronary CTA is to:
- A.
  
  Increase scan coverage
- B.
  
  Minimize radiation dose
- C.
  
  Obtain adequate temporal resolution
- D.
  
  Achieve high z-axis resolution and avoid volume averaging
5.

Which of the following factors does not influence the number of photons which contribute to a reconstructed slice?
- A.
  
  Tube current
- B.
  
  Scan time
- C.
  
  Reconstructed slice width
- D.
  
  Reconstruction kernel
6.

Regarding data acquisition in axial (prospective) and helical (retrospective) scanning modes, which of the following statements is correct?
- A.
  
  In axial scanning mode, each detector row is dedicated to one z-axis slice per gantry rotation
- B.
  
  In axial scanning mode, each detector row is dedicated to multiple z-axis slice levels per gantry rotation
- C.
  
  In helical scanning mode, each detector row is dedicated to one z-axis slice level per gantry rotation
- D.
  
  Each detector row is always dedicated to one z-axis slice level per gantry rotation, in either axial or helical scanning mode.
7.

A patient taking sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction took the medication two days ago. He presents for a cardiac CTA for atypical chest pain, what is the most appropriate action?
- A.
  
  Proceed with scan without sublingual nitroglycerin
- B.
  
  Proceed with the scan with sublingual nitroglycerin
- C.
  
  Reschedule his test for next day
- D.
  
  Consider alternate testing
8.

A 44 year-old man with chest pain and equivocal stress ECG test arrives for Cardiac CTA. His Calcium score is 400. The patient has a history of bronchospasm and daily use of bronchodilator. His heart rate at check-in is 88 bpm. How do you proceed?
- A.
  
  Perform scan without beta-blocker using retrospective gating
- B.
  
  Use a short-acting IV metoprolol immediately prior to scan
- C.
  
  Use a long-acting oral metoprolol one hour before the scan
- D.
  
  Cancel the study and consider alternative diagnostic test
9.

Studies have shown the diagnostic accuracy of coronary CTA is decreased in patients with:
- A.
  
  Tachycardia
- B.
  
  BMI >30kg/m2
- C.
  
  Calcium score >400
- D.
  
  All of the above
10.

For which patient would coronary CTA NOT be appropriate?
- A.
  
  Patients admitted for a ST elevation MI and have positive Troponin
- B.
  
  Patients with borderiine or equivocal positive stress tests
- C.
  
  Patient with atypical chest pain, a LBBB of unknown duration, with normal serial cardiac enzymes
- D.
  
  Patients who are admitted to rule out MI, with negative biomarkers (negative Troponin)
11.

An advantage of performing a coronary CT angiogram with retrospectively ECG-gated CT compared to prospective ECG-triggered CT includes all EXCEPT:
- A.
  
  The ability to reconstruct overlapping slices for increased z-axis resolution.
- B.
  
  Considerably less radiation exposure.
- C.
  
  Ability to calculate ejection fraction.
- D.
  
  Arrhythmias are less likely to cause image artifacts.
12.

When performing a "triple rule out" protocol, the simultaneous opacification of the coronary arteries, thoracic aorta, and pulmonary arteries requires which of the following?
- A.
  
  Faster contrast injection
- B.
  
  Larger contrast volume
- C.
  
  Higher tube current
- D.
  
  Thinner slice collimation