Book A Ch 2 Test

The nucleus is the control center of the cell and directs all cell activities. It contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, which carries instructions for making proteins and controlling cell functions. The nucleus also regulates the cell's growth, reproduction, and metabolism. It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane that protects the DNA and separates it from the rest of the cell. The other options listed, such as the cell membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell wall, all have important functions in the cell but do not directly control all cell activities like the nucleus does.

A cell in which a virus multiplies itself is referred to as a "host" because the virus relies on the cellular machinery of the host cell to replicate and produce more virus particles. The host cell provides the necessary resources and environment for the virus to complete its life cycle and continue infecting other cells.

The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell, providing structural support and protection. It helps maintain the shape of the cell and protects it from external stresses and pathogens. Unlike the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable, the cell wall is permeable to water and other substances. The nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum are all organelles within the cell that have specific functions, but they do not directly protect the plant cell like the cell wall does.

Cytoplasm is the correct answer because it is a gelatinlike material that is found inside the cell membrane. It is a fluid substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Cytoplasm is responsible for supporting and protecting the organelles within the cell and facilitating various cellular processes, such as metabolism and cell division.

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The cell membrane is responsible for allowing certain materials to move into and out of the cell. It acts as a barrier, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell. This selective permeability allows essential molecules like nutrients and oxygen to enter the cell, while waste products and other substances are expelled. The cell membrane also plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's internal environment and protecting it from external factors.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the correct answer because it contains the genetic code that determines the structure and activities of a cell. DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell and is responsible for transmitting hereditary information from one generation to the next. It contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism, including the production of proteins that are essential for cellular functions. DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule determines the specific traits and characteristics of an organism.

Golgi bodies are responsible for packaging cellular substances for export. They receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum and modify them, sorting and packaging them into vesicles. These vesicles are then transported to the cell membrane, where they fuse and release their contents outside the cell. Therefore, Golgi bodies are the organelles that perform this important function of packaging and exporting cellular substances.

Lysosomes are organelles that digest food molecules and wastes inside the cells. They contain digestive enzymes that break down various substances, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes also play a role in recycling cellular components and removing damaged organelles. They are responsible for maintaining the overall health and cleanliness of the cell by breaking down and recycling waste materials. Therefore, lysosomes are the correct answer for this question.

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Mitochondria are organelles where energy is released from food molecules through a process called cellular respiration. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria have a highly folded inner membrane that allows for efficient production of ATP. This process occurs in eukaryotic cells, where mitochondria are present, and is essential for the cell's functioning and survival.

Based on the picture of the cells on the board, #6 is pointing to the outer boundary of the cell, which is known as the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It acts as a protective layer and helps maintain the cell's shape and integrity.

The picture on the board shows a cell with various organelles labeled. Organelle #11 is being pointed to by the arrow. By comparing the shape and location of organelle #11 in the picture with the options provided, it can be determined that the organelle being pointed to is the nucleolus.

The correct answer is kidney, heart, lungs, and brain. These are all organs because they are specialized structures that perform specific functions in the body. The kidney filters waste from the blood, the heart pumps blood throughout the body, the lungs help with respiration, and the brain controls various bodily functions.

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for moving materials around in the cell. It is a network of membranes that extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane. It is involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and the transportation of molecules within the cell. Therefore, the endoplasmic reticulum plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's structure and function by facilitating the movement of materials.

Lysosomes are organelles that digest food molecules and wastes inside the cells. They contain enzymes that break down various substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes play a crucial role in recycling cellular components and removing cellular waste. They fuse with food vacuoles or damaged organelles, releasing their enzymes to break down the contents. This process allows the cell to obtain nutrients from digested materials and eliminate harmful substances. Therefore, lysosomes are responsible for maintaining the cell's internal environment and promoting its overall health and function.

Chlorophyll is the pigment in plants that captures light energy and is responsible for photosynthesis. It is located in the chloroplasts, which are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a sugar molecule that serves as food for the plant. Cytoplasm, on the other hand, is the gel-like substance that fills the cell, and cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls.

A virus is a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating. Unlike cells, viruses cannot replicate on their own and require a host cell to reproduce. This makes them distinct from RNA and DNA, which are genetic materials found in cells. Therefore, the correct answer is virus.

In the picture, #3 is pointing to a structure that appears to be covered in ribosomes. This indicates that it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for protein synthesis.

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In the given picture, #12 is pointing to the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities. It is often referred to as the "control center" of the cell.

Schwann is the correct answer because he was one of the scientists who concluded that all animals are made up of cells. Schwann, along with Schleiden, formulated the cell theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells. This theory was a significant milestone in the field of biology and laid the foundation for our understanding of the fundamental unit of life.

Based on the picture, #1 is pointing to a small, round structure within the cell. This structure matches the description of a lysosome, which is a membrane-bound organelle involved in the digestion and recycling of cellular waste materials.

In the given picture, #2 is pointing to the golgi body. The golgi body is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the cell. It is located near the nucleus and consists of a series of flattened sacs.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer because #4 is pointing to a structure that appears as a network of tubules without ribosomes attached to it. This is a characteristic feature of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

The picture shows a group of small, dot-like structures within the cell. These structures are ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is ribosomes.

The correct answer choices are bacteria, red blood cell, and T cell. These three options are single cells because they are all individual units that function independently. Bacteria are single-celled organisms, while red blood cells and T cells are both types of cells found in the human body that perform specific functions.

The correct answer includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, which are all part of the digestive system. The brain and nerves are part of the nervous system. The heart, blood, and vessels are part of the circulatory system. Therefore, all of these options are organ systems.

The tissues in the given options are blood, a group of bone cells, and the inside lining of your mouth. These are considered tissues because they are made up of specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions. Blood is a connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. A group of bone cells forms bone tissue, which provides support and protection for the body. The inside lining of your mouth is made up of epithelial tissue, which serves as a protective barrier.

The tissues are groups of cells that perform specific functions in the body. In this case, "blood" refers to the connective tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. "A group of bone cells" refers to the bone tissue, which provides support and protection to the body. "Inside lining of your mouth" refers to the epithelial tissue, which lines the inner surfaces of organs and body cavities.