Blood/Blood Product Administration Stokke

The first thing a nurse would do in the event of a reaction is to stop the transfusion. This is because stopping the transfusion immediately is crucial to prevent any further harm or complications to the patient. Once the transfusion is stopped, the nurse can then proceed to notify the physician and fill out an incident report to document the reaction and ensure appropriate follow-up actions are taken.

The bag and tubing are disposed of in hazardous waste because they may contain potentially harmful substances or materials that could pose a risk to human health or the environment if not handled properly. Disposing of them in hazardous waste ensures that they are managed and treated in a way that minimizes any potential harm.

Whole blood requires ABO compatibility because the ABO blood group system is based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells. A person with type A blood can receive blood from a type A or type O donor, while a person with type B blood can receive blood from a type B or type O donor. RH compatibility is also necessary because the Rh factor is another antigen found on the surface of red blood cells. A person who is Rh positive can receive blood from either Rh positive or Rh negative donors, while a person who is Rh negative can only receive blood from Rh negative donors. Therefore, whole blood transfusions require compatibility in both ABO and RH blood groups.

After therapy is concluded, it is important to document various aspects such as the start time, stop time, and any reactions that occurred during the therapy session. This documentation helps in keeping a record of the therapy session and its duration, as well as any adverse reactions that may have occurred. By documenting all of these details, it allows for a comprehensive and accurate record of the therapy session, which can be useful for future reference or analysis.

When giving blood, it is important to take vitals before, during, and after the transfusion. Taking vitals before the blood is administered ensures that the patient is in stable condition and able to receive the blood safely. Monitoring vitals during the transfusion therapy allows healthcare professionals to closely monitor the patient's response to the blood and detect any adverse reactions. Taking vitals 15 minutes after the blood has infused helps assess the patient's condition and ensure that there are no complications. Therefore, all of the above options are correct for when it is important to take vitals during blood transfusion.

PRBCs (Packed Red Blood Cells) require ABO compatibility, which means that the blood type of the donor must be compatible with the blood type of the recipient. ABO compatibility ensures that the recipient's immune system will not attack the donor blood cells, leading to potentially life-threatening reactions. Additionally, PRBCs also require RH compatibility, which refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on the red blood cells. RH compatibility is important to prevent Rh incompatibility reactions, especially in pregnant women. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" as both ABO and RH compatibility are necessary for PRBC transfusions.

Whole blood is used most often in patients with massive blood loss only. This is because massive blood loss can lead to a significant decrease in red blood cells, plasma, and clotting factors. Whole blood contains all of these components, making it an effective treatment option for patients who have experienced massive blood loss. It provides the necessary components to restore blood volume, oxygen-carrying capacity, and clotting ability in these patients.

When giving blood, it is important to administer the first dose slowly to minimize the risk of a life-threatening reaction. Giving 25 mL over 15 minutes allows for a gradual introduction of the blood into the patient's system, giving healthcare providers enough time to monitor for any adverse reactions and take appropriate action if necessary. This cautious approach helps ensure the safety of the patient during the transfusion process.

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and it contains various substances including clotting factors, electrolytes, and proteins. Clotting factors are essential for the process of blood clotting, electrolytes help maintain the balance of fluids in the body, and proteins play important roles in various bodily functions. Therefore, the correct answer is that plasma contains clotting factors, electrolytes, and proteins.

Plasma is used most often in patients who need clotting and/or have protein deficiency. Plasma contains clotting factors and proteins that are essential for blood clotting. Patients who have a deficiency in clotting factors or proteins may require plasma transfusion to help promote blood clotting and prevent excessive bleeding. Additionally, plasma transfusion can also provide the necessary proteins that are lacking in patients with protein deficiency. Therefore, plasma is commonly used in patients who require clotting support and have protein deficiency.

PRBCs (packed red blood cells) are most often used in patients who have anemia. Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. PRBCs are given to patients with anemia to increase their red blood cell count and improve oxygen-carrying capacity. It is not used exclusively in patients with massive blood loss, active bleeding, clotting and/or protein deficiency.

In the event of a reaction to blood therapy, it is important to stop the infusion to prevent further complications. The physician should be notified to provide immediate medical assistance. The blood bank should also be notified to investigate the reaction and take necessary actions. The bag and tubing should be taken down to prevent further administration of the blood. Infusing NS 50mL/hr is recommended unless there is a specific order for a different rate. A Suspected Transfusion Reaction Form should be filled out to document the incident. The bag, tubing, and paperwork should be sent back to the blood bank for analysis. A urinalysis should be obtained and sent to the lab unless instructed otherwise by the blood bank. A sentinel event report should be filed to ensure proper investigation and follow-up. It is crucial to re-confirm all matches between the patient and blood to prevent any errors or mismatches.

Cryoprecipitate is given through an IV push over a period of 3 minutes and is usually administered in a volume of 10-15 mL.

Cryoprecipitate is a blood product that contains concentrated amounts of clotting factors. It is used in patients who need clotting only, meaning they have a deficiency in clotting factors and require supplementation to promote blood coagulation. This can be seen in patients with certain bleeding disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures where clotting is crucial. Cryoprecipitate is not typically used in patients with massive blood loss, ongoing bleeding, protein deficiency, or anemia, as these conditions require different treatments.

Plasma requires ABO compatibility because ABO blood types must match in order to prevent adverse reactions when transfusing plasma. It also requires RH compatibility because the Rh factor must be compatible to avoid potential complications. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" because both ABO and RH compatibility are necessary when dealing with plasma transfusions.

When giving a blood transfusion, it is important to monitor the patient's vital signs before the blood enters their system, during the transfusion, and 15 minutes after it is completed. The first 25 mL of blood should be administered over 15 minutes to decrease the risk of a reaction. Two nurses must check the order to ensure accuracy and prevent errors. The patient's name, date of birth, blood unit number, and blood type must be checked to ensure the correct blood is being administered. The blood should be checked for any signs of discoloration, cloudiness, or air bubbles, which could indicate contamination. The patient must sign a consent form before the transfusion can take place. A 20 gauge or larger needle should be used, except for elderly patients who may require a smaller needle. Two licensed individuals must sign off on the transfusion to ensure accountability. Finally, packed red blood cells should be used within 1 1/2 - 2 hours to maintain their effectiveness.

Cryoprecipitate is a blood product that is rich in clotting factors, electrolytes, and proteins. It is obtained by freezing and then thawing fresh frozen plasma. The clotting factors present in cryoprecipitate, such as factor VIII and factor XIII, help in the clotting process and are useful in treating bleeding disorders. Electrolytes are essential for maintaining the balance of fluids in the body, while proteins play various roles in the immune system and other bodily functions. Therefore, the correct answer is "clotting factors, electrolytes, and proteins."

Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in blood clotting. They help to form a plug at the site of a damaged blood vessel, preventing further bleeding. Therefore, platelets are most often used in patients who are currently bleeding, as they can help to stop the bleeding and promote clotting. Platelets may not be as beneficial in patients with massive blood loss or anemia, as these conditions may require other interventions such as blood transfusions or addressing the underlying cause of the anemia.

Cryoprecipitate requires ABO compatibility because it contains specific clotting factors that are derived from human blood plasma. ABO compatibility ensures that the recipient's immune system does not react negatively to the transfusion, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. Rh compatibility is not necessary for cryoprecipitate transfusion as it does not contain Rh antigens. Therefore, the correct answer is ABO compatibility.

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Platelettes require RH compatibility. This means that the Rh factor, a protein found on the surface of red blood cells, needs to be compatible between the donor and recipient in order to prevent adverse reactions. A mismatch in Rh compatibility can lead to the recipient's immune system attacking the platelettes, causing them to be destroyed and potentially leading to complications. Therefore, ensuring RH compatibility is essential for successful platelette transfusions.

The given answer lists a variety of possible signs and symptoms (S/Sx) that can occur as a result of a blood transfusion. These include chills, diaphoresis (excessive sweating), lower back pain, anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, generalized bleeding, hemoglobin in urea (blood in the urine), hypotension (low blood pressure), anuera (abnormal urine output), wheezing, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and bronchospasms (constriction of the airways). These symptoms can indicate a transfusion reaction or complication, and should be promptly addressed by medical professionals.