Block 9 Micro Infection Control

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| By Chachelly

Chachelly

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 507 | Total Attempts: 616,519

Questions: 8 | Attempts: 209 | Updated: Mar 16, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after a car accident. He has multiple contusions, broken bones, and burns to the upper torso. What method of decontamination would be appropriate to treat a stethoscope (usually a non-critical piece of equipment) being used on this patient?
- A.
  
  Ethylene oxide
- B.
  
  70% alcohol
- C.
  
  Benzalkonium chloride
- D.
  
  Auto-claving
- E.
  
  Lodophor
Correct Answer
A. Ethylene oxide

Explanation
The burns on the upper torso of the patient mean that a high-level disinfectant or a sterilant required for equipment that will contact that area.

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2.

A 45-year-old government virologist has been accidentally exposed to smallpox virus after a breach in a secure level 4 laboratory. Which precaution, not part of the standard precaution protocol, would be applied during the observation and treatment of this patient?
- A.
  
  Isolation in a room with reduced pressure
- B.
  
  Hand sanitizing before and after patient contact
- C.
  
  Bathing cyf the patient in benzalkoniurri chloride
- D.
  
  Bathing of the patient in ethylene oxide
- E.
  
  Masks within 3 feet of the patient
Correct Answer
A. Isolation in a room with reduced pressure

Explanation
A negative-pressure or AIIR room would be required for this aerosol-transmissible pathogen

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3.

An isolate you have submitted for susceptibility testing is reported to be resistant to erythromycin (a macrolide), gentamycin (an aminoglycoside) and tetracycline. If this isolate is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, lactose-fermenting, sorbitol non- fermenting rod, what type of precautions should be taken in a health-care setting?
- A.
  
  Standard plus contact plus droplet
- B.
  
  Standard plus aerosol
- C.
  
  Standard plus contact
- D.
  
  Standard plus droplet
- E.
  
  Standard
Correct Answer
C. Standard plus contact

Explanation
Antibiotic-resistant organisms require contact precautions, even if the organism itself does not.

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4.

A patient in the ICU develops diarrhea after several days of treatment with broad- spectrum antibiotics for a severe infection. The causative agent is found to be a Gram- positive, strictly anaerobic rod that produces an enterotoxin (called toxin A) that affects a target host cell's ability to polymerize actin. Which of the following interventions will help to prevent transmission of this pathogen to others?
- A.
  
  Cleaning a toilet with an isopropanol-based cleaner
- B.
  
  Treating all surfaces with a quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant
- C.
  
  HEPA-filtering room air
- D.
  
  Using hand sanitizer
- E.
  
  Autoclaving bed linens
Correct Answer
E. Autoclaving bed linens

Explanation
Autoclave conditions will kill the resistant endospores of Clostridium difficile, preventing their transmission to the next patient.

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5.

A 63-year-old woman is being artificially ventilated after ingestion of botulinum toxin from improperly canned tomatoes. She was healthy prior to this incident. Three days after intubation, the patient develops a respiratory infection. What terminology best describes the type of infection, and what is the most likely causative agent?
- A.
  
  Hospital-acquired; Enterococcus faecalis
- B.
  
  Hospital-acquired; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- C.
  
  Community-acquired; Legionella pneumophila
- D.
  
  Community-acquired; Enterococcus faecalis
- E.
  
  Community-acquired; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- F.
  
  Hospital-acquired; Legionella pneumophila
Correct Answer
B. Hospital-acquired; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Explanation
The timing indicates a hospital-acquired infection, and P. aeruginosa is often a cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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6.

A 58-year-old man is admitted to the ICU after suffering a stroke. Six days later, it is noted that his urine is cloudy, and he has become febrile. What are the characteristics of the most likely causative agent?
- A.
  
  Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci in pairs and chains
- B.
  
  Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, coagulase-positive rod
- C.
  
  Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, lactose-fermenting rod
- D.
  
  Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, lactose-negative, urease-negative rod
- E.
  
  Gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococcus
Correct Answer
C. Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, lactose-fermenting rod

Explanation
coli is the most common cause of UTIs (catheter- associated or not).

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7.

An infection control committee is discussing protocols related to infections caused by a particular virus. The infectious disease fellow points out that th is virus is susceptible to many disinfectants, including alcohol and quaternary ammonium compounds. To what family does the virus in question belong?
- A.
  
  Picornaviridae
- B.
  
  Reoviridae
- C.
  
  Herpesviridae
- D.
  
  Adenoviridae
- E.
  
  Papillomaviride
Correct Answer
C. Herpesviridae

Explanation
Enveloped viruses are susceptible to compounds that damage membranes. The other virus classes listed are not.

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8.

A 30-year-old man presents to his physician with a dry cough, fever and headache. He admitted to having the cough for over a week. Chest X-ray showed infiltrates but no consolidation. The physician suspected infection with a small, wall-less bacterium. What precaution should be taken with this patient?
- A.
  
  Sterilizing all equipment used on the patient
- B.
  
  Mask within 3 ft of patient
- C.
  
  Dedicated equipment for the patient
- D.
  
  Use of N-95 respirator mask
- E.
  
  Admit patient to hospital
Correct Answer
B. Mask within 3 ft of patient

Explanation
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, and is transmissible in droplets.

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Current Version
Mar 16, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Jun 11, 2012

Quiz Created by
Chachelly

Block 9 Micro Infection Control

A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after a car accident. He has multiple contusions, broken bones, and burns to the upper torso. What method of decontamination would be appropriate to treat a stethoscope (usually a non-critical piece of equipment) being used on this patient?

A 45-year-old government virologist has been accidentally exposed to smallpox virus after a breach in a secure level 4 laboratory. Which precaution, not part of the standard precaution protocol, would be applied during the observation and treatment of this patient?

A 58-year-old man is admitted to the ICU after suffering a stroke. Six days later, it is noted that his urine is cloudy, and he has become febrile. What are the characteristics of the most likely causative agent?