Block 7 Temp Reg & Cancer
Turning points from Johanessen and Sands
- 1.Acclimatization to a hot environment includes the following change in sweat?
- A.
More dilute
- B.
More oily
- C.
Delayed onset
- D.
More volatile
- E.
More salty
- 2.Core temperature is elevated during fever and exercise. What distinguishes the rise in core temperature during fever from that during exercise?
- A.
Increased basal metabolic rate
- B.
Reduced sweat formation
- C.
Non-shivering thermogenesis
- D.
Reduced skin blood flow
- E.
Increased thermal setpoint
- 3.A surgical sympathectomy has completely interrupted the sympathetic nerves to a patient’s arm. How would you expect the thermoregulatory skin blood flow and sweating responses in that arm to be affected? Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Sweat in the cold in the heat formation
- A.
Abolished……………....……Intact…………………...........Intact
- B.
Abolished…………....………Intact………………...........…Abolished
- C.
Abolished………....…………Abolished…………...............Intact
- D.
Abolished……………......…..Abolished…………...........…Abolished
- 4.The gain or loss of heat as infrared energy between two objects that are not in physical contact with each other is called what?
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Evaporation
- 5.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regulation of body temperature?
- A.
In a temperate climate under normal conditions, the greatest loss of body heat occurs through radiation
- B.
During water immersion, heat is mainly lost via radiation
- C.
The thalamus is the centre for integrating thermal information
- D.
As the skin possesses thermoreceptors, its temperature is regulated more closely than the core temperature
- 6.Which of the following is TRUE regarding sweating and heat loss?
- A.
Heat loss through sweating is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system
- B.
The efficacy of sweating as a mechanism of heat loss is increased in tropical rain forest
- C.
Profuse sweating can lead to heat exhaustion
- D.
Common sweat is secreted by the apocrine glands
- 7.Pathogens that produce fever cause which of the following?
- A.
Decreased production of interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- B.
Decreased set-point temperature in the hypothalamus
- C.
Shivering
- D.
Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
- 8.What happens to glycolysis when p53 is mutated?
- A.
Oxidative pentose pathway flux increases.
- B.
Non-oxidative pentose pathway flux decreases.
- C.
Glycolysis decreases
- D.
The amount of NADPH produced by the PPP decreases.
- E.
More pyruvate enters the mitochondria.
- 9.Which enzyme is responsible for the increase flux through the nonoxidative PPP in tumors?
- A.
Hexose Kinase 1
- B.
Phosphofructokinase-1
- C.
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- D.
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- E.
Pyruvate Kinase M2
- 10.What molecule “fills up” the TCA cycle with carbon compounds so that it can keep working?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Lactate
- C.
Glutamine
- D.
Alanine
- E.
Aspartate
- 11.Which of the following enzymes do tumor cells use to generate enough NADPH to keep fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis going?
- A.
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- B.
Malic enyzme
- C.
Transketolase
- D.
Glucose-6-Kinase
- E.
NADH Dehydrogenase
- 12.What is one benefit, to cancer cells, to have the HK2-VDAC interaction on the outer mitochondrial membrane?
- A.
Pyruvate acid gets into the mitochondria more readily
- B.
Glucose gets into the mitochondria more easily
- C.
HK2 has a readily available source of ATP for phosphorylating glucose
- D.
The mitochondria can make ATP quicker so the cancer cells has a lot of ATP
- E.
Having the HK2-VDAC interaction slows down the glycolysis that is occurring in the cancer cell
- 13.The heat transfer mechanism that occurs between the sun and the outer layer of the skin is called what?
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Evaporation
- 14.The heat transfer mechanism that occurs between arteries and veins in a countercurrent exchange is called what?
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Evaporation
- 15.What is the major heat source to retain body temperature for a nude 65-kg adult person in a 29oC/84.2oF environment?
- A.
Brain
- B.
Brown adipose tissue
- C.
Liver
- D.
Skeletal muscle
- E.
White adipose tissue
- 16.Which of the following is a human thermoregulatory response controlled by cholinergic sympathetics?
- A.
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
- B.
Hand vasomotion
- C.
Shivering thermogenesis
- D.
Sweat secretion
- E.
Thermoregulatory behavior
- 17.Which of the following will most faithfully reflect changes in human core temperature that could be caused by immersion in a warm body bath?
- A.
Oral temperature
- B.
Rectal temperature
- C.
Axillary temperature
- D.
Tympanic temperature
- E.
Esophageal temperature at the cardia
- 18.In a man passively warmed such that his mean skin temperature reaches 40.5oC/104.9oF, which of the following circulatory responses will occur?
- A.
Increased cardiac output, decreased splanchnic blood flow
- B.
Increased cardiac output, increased muscle blood flow
- C.
Unchanged cardiac output, decreased right atrial pressure
- D.
Unchanged cardiac output, decreased renal blood flow
- 19.Which of the following is true at the beginning of the rising phase of fever?
- A.
Sweat secretion is stimulated
- B.
Mean skin temperature is below normal
- C.
Muscle blood flow is decreased
- D.
Behavioral thermoregulatory responses are inhibited
- E.
Warm-sensitive neurons in the integration center are excited
- 20.The principal physical mechanism that accounts for the transfer of heat within the body is what?
- A.
Conduction
- B.
Convection
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Evaporation
- 21.When the environmental temperature increases moderately, what happens to blood flow to the skin?
- A.
It decreases to stop the transport of heat from the skin surface to deeper tissues
- B.
It decreases because the local thermoreceptors in the skin sense an increase in body temperature
- C.
It increases because the sweat glands release vasodilators
- D.
It increases as part of the body temperature regulatory mechanisms
- E.
It increases as the metabolic needs of the skin tissue increase
- 22.If someone is experiencing heat exhaustion. Which of the following would definitively indicate that they are now at risk for heat stroke?
- A.
Increased sympathetic dilation of their blood vessels
- B.
Increased hypotension
- C.
Their skin becomes very dry
- D.
They suddenly faint
- E.
They have an increased volume of sweat production
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