Block 7 Temp Reg & Cancer

22 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Attempts: 348

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Turning points from Johanessen and Sands

Questions and Answers

1.

Acclimatization to a hot environment includes the following change in sweat?
- A.
  
  More dilute
- B.
  
  More oily
- C.
  
  Delayed onset
- D.
  
  More volatile
- E.
  
  More salty
2.

Core temperature is elevated during fever and exercise. What distinguishes the rise in core temperature during fever from that during exercise?
- A.
  
  Increased basal metabolic rate
- B.
  
  Reduced sweat formation
- C.
  
  Non-shivering thermogenesis
- D.
  
  Reduced skin blood flow
- E.
  
  Increased thermal setpoint
3.

A surgical sympathectomy has completely interrupted the sympathetic nerves to a patient’s arm. How would you expect the thermoregulatory skin blood flow and sweating responses in that arm to be affected? Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Sweat in the cold in the heat formation
- A.
  
  Abolished……………....……Intact…………………...........Intact
- B.
  
  Abolished…………....………Intact………………...........…Abolished
- C.
  
  Abolished………....…………Abolished…………...............Intact
- D.
  
  Abolished……………......…..Abolished…………...........…Abolished
4.

The gain or loss of heat as infrared energy between two objects that are not in physical contact with each other is called what?
- A.
  
  Conduction
- B.
  
  Convection
- C.
  
  Radiation
- D.
  
  Evaporation
5.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regulation of body temperature?
- A.
  
  In a temperate climate under normal conditions, the greatest loss of body heat occurs through radiation
- B.
  
  During water immersion, heat is mainly lost via radiation
- C.
  
  The thalamus is the centre for integrating thermal information
- D.
  
  As the skin possesses thermoreceptors, its temperature is regulated more closely than the core temperature
6.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sweating and heat loss?
- A.
  
  Heat loss through sweating is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system
- B.
  
  The efficacy of sweating as a mechanism of heat loss is increased in tropical rain forest
- C.
  
  Profuse sweating can lead to heat exhaustion
- D.
  
  Common sweat is secreted by the apocrine glands
7.

Pathogens that produce fever cause which of the following?
- A.
  
  Decreased production of interleukin-1 (IL-1)
- B.
  
  Decreased set-point temperature in the hypothalamus
- C.
  
  Shivering
- D.
  
  Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
8.

What happens to glycolysis when p53 is mutated?
- A.
  
  Oxidative pentose pathway flux increases.
- B.
  
  Non-oxidative pentose pathway flux decreases.
- C.
  
  Glycolysis decreases
- D.
  
  The amount of NADPH produced by the PPP decreases.
- E.
  
  More pyruvate enters the mitochondria.
9.

Which enzyme is responsible for the increase flux through the nonoxidative PPP in tumors?
- A.
  
  Hexose Kinase 1
- B.
  
  Phosphofructokinase-1
- C.
  
  TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- D.
  
  Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- E.
  
  Pyruvate Kinase M2
10.

What molecule “fills up” the TCA cycle with carbon compounds so that it can keep working?
- A.
  
  Glucose
- B.
  
  Lactate
- C.
  
  Glutamine
- D.
  
  Alanine
- E.
  
  Aspartate
11.

Which of the following enzymes do tumor cells use to generate enough NADPH to keep fatty acid and nucleotide synthesis going?
- A.
  
  Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- B.
  
  Malic enyzme
- C.
  
  Transketolase
- D.
  
  Glucose-6-Kinase
- E.
  
  NADH Dehydrogenase
12.

What is one benefit, to cancer cells, to have the HK2-VDAC interaction on the outer mitochondrial membrane?
- A.
  
  Pyruvate acid gets into the mitochondria more readily
- B.
  
  Glucose gets into the mitochondria more easily
- C.
  
  HK2 has a readily available source of ATP for phosphorylating glucose
- D.
  
  The mitochondria can make ATP quicker so the cancer cells has a lot of ATP
- E.
  
  Having the HK2-VDAC interaction slows down the glycolysis that is occurring in the cancer cell
13.

The heat transfer mechanism that occurs between the sun and the outer layer of the skin is called what?
- A.
  
  Conduction
- B.
  
  Convection
- C.
  
  Radiation
- D.
  
  Evaporation
14.

The heat transfer mechanism that occurs between arteries and veins in a countercurrent exchange is called what?
- A.
  
  Conduction
- B.
  
  Convection
- C.
  
  Radiation
- D.
  
  Evaporation
15.

What is the major heat source to retain body temperature for a nude 65-kg adult person in a 29^oC/84.2^oF environment?
- A.
  
  Brain
- B.
  
  Brown adipose tissue
- C.
  
  Liver
- D.
  
  Skeletal muscle
- E.
  
  White adipose tissue
16.

Which of the following is a human thermoregulatory response controlled by cholinergic sympathetics?
- A.
  
  Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
- B.
  
  Hand vasomotion
- C.
  
  Shivering thermogenesis
- D.
  
  Sweat secretion
- E.
  
  Thermoregulatory behavior
17.

Which of the following will most faithfully reflect changes in human core temperature that could be caused by immersion in a warm body bath?
- A.
  
  Oral temperature
- B.
  
  Rectal temperature
- C.
  
  Axillary temperature
- D.
  
  Tympanic temperature
- E.
  
  Esophageal temperature at the cardia
18.

In a man passively warmed such that his mean skin temperature reaches 40.5^oC/104.9^oF, which of the following circulatory responses will occur?
- A.
  
  Increased cardiac output, decreased splanchnic blood flow
- B.
  
  Increased cardiac output, increased muscle blood flow
- C.
  
  Unchanged cardiac output, decreased right atrial pressure
- D.
  
  Unchanged cardiac output, decreased renal blood flow
19.

Which of the following is true at the beginning of the rising phase of fever?
- A.
  
  Sweat secretion is stimulated
- B.
  
  Mean skin temperature is below normal
- C.
  
  Muscle blood flow is decreased
- D.
  
  Behavioral thermoregulatory responses are inhibited
- E.
  
  Warm-sensitive neurons in the integration center are excited
20.

The principal physical mechanism that accounts for the transfer of heat within the body is what?
- A.
  
  Conduction
- B.
  
  Convection
- C.
  
  Radiation
- D.
  
  Evaporation
21.

When the environmental temperature increases moderately, what happens to blood flow to the skin?
- A.
  
  It decreases to stop the transport of heat from the skin surface to deeper tissues
- B.
  
  It decreases because the local thermoreceptors in the skin sense an increase in body temperature
- C.
  
  It increases because the sweat glands release vasodilators
- D.
  
  It increases as part of the body temperature regulatory mechanisms
- E.
  
  It increases as the metabolic needs of the skin tissue increase
22.

If someone is experiencing heat exhaustion. Which of the following would definitively indicate that they are now at risk for heat stroke?
- A.
  
  Increased sympathetic dilation of their blood vessels
- B.
  
  Increased hypotension
- C.
  
  Their skin becomes very dry
- D.
  
  They suddenly faint
- E.
  
  They have an increased volume of sweat production