Turning points from Johanessen and Sands
More dilute
More oily
Delayed onset
More volatile
More salty
Increased basal metabolic rate
Reduced sweat formation
Non-shivering thermogenesis
Reduced skin blood flow
Increased thermal setpoint
Abolished……………....……Intact…………………...........Intact
Abolished…………....………Intact………………...........…Abolished
Abolished………....…………Abolished…………...............Intact
Abolished……………......…..Abolished…………...........…Abolished
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
In a temperate climate under normal conditions, the greatest loss of body heat occurs through radiation
During water immersion, heat is mainly lost via radiation
The thalamus is the centre for integrating thermal information
As the skin possesses thermoreceptors, its temperature is regulated more closely than the core temperature
Heat loss through sweating is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system
The efficacy of sweating as a mechanism of heat loss is increased in tropical rain forest
Profuse sweating can lead to heat exhaustion
Common sweat is secreted by the apocrine glands
Decreased production of interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Decreased set-point temperature in the hypothalamus
Shivering
Vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
Oxidative pentose pathway flux increases.
Non-oxidative pentose pathway flux decreases.
Glycolysis decreases
The amount of NADPH produced by the PPP decreases.
More pyruvate enters the mitochondria.
Hexose Kinase 1
Phosphofructokinase-1
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Pyruvate Kinase M2
Glucose
Lactate
Glutamine
Alanine
Aspartate
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Malic enyzme
Transketolase
Glucose-6-Kinase
NADH Dehydrogenase
Pyruvate acid gets into the mitochondria more readily
Glucose gets into the mitochondria more easily
HK2 has a readily available source of ATP for phosphorylating glucose
The mitochondria can make ATP quicker so the cancer cells has a lot of ATP
Having the HK2-VDAC interaction slows down the glycolysis that is occurring in the cancer cell
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Brain
Brown adipose tissue
Liver
Skeletal muscle
White adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Hand vasomotion
Shivering thermogenesis
Sweat secretion
Thermoregulatory behavior
Oral temperature
Rectal temperature
Axillary temperature
Tympanic temperature
Esophageal temperature at the cardia
Increased cardiac output, decreased splanchnic blood flow
Increased cardiac output, increased muscle blood flow
Unchanged cardiac output, decreased right atrial pressure
Unchanged cardiac output, decreased renal blood flow
Sweat secretion is stimulated
Mean skin temperature is below normal
Muscle blood flow is decreased
Behavioral thermoregulatory responses are inhibited
Warm-sensitive neurons in the integration center are excited
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
It decreases to stop the transport of heat from the skin surface to deeper tissues
It decreases because the local thermoreceptors in the skin sense an increase in body temperature
It increases because the sweat glands release vasodilators
It increases as part of the body temperature regulatory mechanisms
It increases as the metabolic needs of the skin tissue increase
Increased sympathetic dilation of their blood vessels
Increased hypotension
Their skin becomes very dry
They suddenly faint
They have an increased volume of sweat production
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