Block 6 Renal Urinary Embryo BRS W Exp

  • USMLE
  • NBME
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1. Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist,  red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis?

Explanation

The moist, red tissue mass that is exposed to the exterior is actually the posterior wall of
the urinary bladder. This is called exstrophy of the bladder and is caused when the anterior
abdominal wall and anterior wall of the bladder fail to form. The ureters open onto the posterior
wall; therefore, urine drainage is apparent.

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About This Quiz
Block 6 Renal Urinary Embryo BRS W Exp - Quiz

This quiz assesses knowledge on the embryological development of the renal and urinary systems. Key topics include the origin of bladder epithelium, malformations like dual ureters, timing of kidney functionality, and remnants like urachal cysts. Ideal for medical students preparing for exams.

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2. A urachal cyst is a remnant of the

Explanation

The upper end of the urogenital sinus is in patent communication with the allantois, which
lies in the umbilical cord. The allantois normally regresses and forms a fibrous cord. If a remnant
persists, it forms a urachal cyst or sinus.

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3. A 6-year-old girl presents with a large  abdominal mass just superior to the pubic symphysis. The mass is tender when palpated and fixed in location. During surgery, a fluid-filled mass is noted, which is connected to the umbilicus superiorly and to the urinary bladder inferiorly. What is the diagnosis?

Explanation

A urachal cyst or sinus forms from a remnant of the allantois and is found along the mid-
line on a path from the umbilicus to the apex of the urinary bladder. The epithelium lining the
cyst produces secretions that gradually fill the remnant with fluid. Very rarely, the entire allan-
tois persists, forming a fistula that is patent from the urinary bladder to the exterior at the umbilicus.

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4. The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from the

Explanation

The distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, and Bowman's
capsule all are derived from the metanephric vesicle.

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5. The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from

Explanation

The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from endoderm because
the urinary bladder develops from the upper end of the urogenital sinus. The origin of the urogenital
sinus can be traced back to the gut tube, which is lined by endoderm. •

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6. During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that the patient's right kidney has two ureters and two renal pelves. This malformation is

Explanation

The ureteric bud seems to be preprogrammed to undergo repeated divisions. These divisions
normally begin on contact with the metanephric blastema. If the ureteric bud undergoes division
prematurely, duplication of the ureter and renal pelvis occurs. In some circumstances, two sepa-
rate kidneys form.

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7. When does the metanephros become functional?

Explanation

The metanephros begins to form at week 5 and starts to function in the fetus at about week
10. The pronephros is not functional in humans; it is the interim kidney, which functions until
the metanephros is ready.

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8. The podocytes of Bowman's capsule are derived from

Explanation

The podocytes of Bowman's capsule develop from the metanephric vesicles, which are of
mesodermal origin.

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9. The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the

Explanation

The lower end of the mesonephric ducts is incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder. The mesonephric ducts contribute to the connective tissue component of the posterior
wall at the trigone. It is generally believed that the transitional epithelium lining the entire
bladder (even the trigone) is of endodermal origin.

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10. The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from

Explanation

The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from mesoderm because the ureter
develops from the ureteric bud. The ureteric bud is a diverticulum from the mesonephric duct
whose origin can be traced back to the intermediate mesoderm.

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Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist,  red protrusion of...
A urachal cyst is a remnant of the
A 6-year-old girl presents with a large  abdominal mass just...
The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are...
The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from
During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that...
When does the metanephros become functional?
The podocytes of Bowman's capsule are derived from
The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by...
The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from
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