This quiz, titled 'APII Final - Q. 96-190', focuses on the renal system, specifically the process of glomerular filtration. It assesses understanding of physiological processes like filtration, reabsorption, and the role of ADH in the kidneys. Essential for students in advanced biology or preparing for medical entrance exams.
480
180
125
18
1.8
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Reabsorption
Excretion
Secretion
Filtration
Micturition
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6
5
4
3
2
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2
1
4
5
6
1
3
4
5 and 6
4, 5, and 6
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Filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores.
Fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes.
Endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits.
Dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule.
Podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus.
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The proximal convoluted tubule.
Glomerulus.
The collecting duct.
The nephron loop (loop of Henle).
Renal papilla.
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Sodium ions.
Glucose
Albumin
Amino acids
Urea
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Active transport.
Blood osmotic pressure.
Blood hydrostatic pressure.
Renal pumping.
Solvent drag.
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Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Capsular hydrostatic pressure
Capsular colloid osmotic pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure
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A) FP = GHP + CsHP - BCOP
FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP)
FP = CsHP + GHP - BCOP
FP = BCOP - GHP + CsHP
FP = BCOP + (GHP - CsHP)
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Depends on changes in the afferent arteriole
Depends on changes in the mesangial cells
Depends on changes in the efferent arteriole
All of the above
None of the above
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Increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
Decrease secretion of aldosterone.
Increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
Increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
Decrease urinary albumin concentration.
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Produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs.
Increase the glomerular filtration rate.
Increase cardiac output.
Stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction.
Increase systemic blood pressure.
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1
38
63
74
99
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Active transport.
Facilitated diffusion.
Secondary active transport.
Osmosis.
Stem cell movements.
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50
90
25
75
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Diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion.
Active transport.
Cotransport.
Countertransport.
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A larger volume of urine.
Urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions.
Urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
Urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
Urine with less glucose.
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Simple diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion.
Active transport.
Cotransport with Na ions.
Countertransport for bicarbonate ion.
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Relies on countercurrent multiplication
Creates high interstitial NaCl concentration in the renal medulla
Enables production of hypertonic urine
All of the above
None of the above
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The concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)
The concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the nephron loop (loop of Henle)
The concentrations at the top and bottom are identical.
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More urine is produced.
Less urine is produced.
The osmolarity of the urine decreases.
More urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
None of the above occurs.
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The proximal convoluted tubule.
The distal convoluted tubule.
The collecting duct.
The nephron loop (loop of Henle).
Both the collecting duct and the nephron loop (loop of Henle).
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Increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
Is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood.
Causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine.
Is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
Release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.
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The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.
A high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts.
A properly functioning nephron loop (loop of Henle).
All of the above
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Excessive ADH secretion.
Absence of ADH.
Hematuric oliguria.
Overproduction of aldosterone.
Dilation of the afferent arterioles.
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Produce gametes
Transport gametes
Produce hormones
Produce gametes and produce hormones
None of the above
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Seminiferous tubules.
Straight tubules.
Lobules.
Rete testorum.
The epididymis and the testis proper.
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Gonads and external genitalia.
Ducts that receive and transport the gametes.
Accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids.
All of the above
None of the above
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The cremaster
The tunica muscularis
The biceps brachii
The dartos
Both the cremaster and the dartos
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Spermatic cord.
Raphe.
Tunica albuginea.
Acrosome.
Dartos muscle.
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A bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
A narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity.
The external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum.
A layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac.
A dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.
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Median raphe.
Spermatic cord.
Tunica albuginea.
Dartos.
Epididymis.
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Muscular
Urinary
Endocrine
Digestive
Integumentary
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Efferent ductules
Straight tubules
Spermatic cords
Ductus deferentia
Inguinal canals
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Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
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Corpora cavernosa
Prostatic urethra
Corpus spongiosum
Penile urethra
Ejaculatory duct
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Testis
Prostate gland
Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
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Testis
Prostate gland
Seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
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Seminal fluids
Spermatozoa
Testosterone
FSH
Both spermatozoa and testosterone
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Relaxes the scrotal sac.
Pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.
Propels sperm through the urethra.
Moves sperm through the ductus deferens.
Both relaxes the scrotal sac and propels sperm through the urethra.
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Elevates the scrotal sac.
Produces an erection.
Propels sperm through the urethra.
Moves sperm through the ductus deferens.
Initiates seminal emission.
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Mature spermatozoa enter the lumen.
Fusion of diploid nuclei occurs.
The daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.
Gamete production accelerates.
Spermiogenesis begins.
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Sperm.
Inhibin.
Nutrients.
Androgens.
Androgen-binding protein.
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Ductus deferens.
Seminiferous tubules.
Epididymis.
Seminal glands (seminal vesicles).
Rete testis.
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Are found in the seminiferous tubules.
Form the blood-testis barrier.
Coordinate spermatogenesis.
All of the above
None of the above
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1, 3, 4, 2
4, 3, 1, 2
4, 1, 2, 3
4, 1, 3, 2
1, 4, 3, 2
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