Block 3 The Heart Practice MCQ's The Cardiovascular System (I): The Heart
- 1.Which mesodermal layer gives rise to the endocardial heart tubes?
- A.
Paraxial mesoderm
- B.
Somatic mesoderm
- C.
Intermediate mesoderm
- D.
Splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
Somitic mesoderm
- 2.Which heart chamber does the right horn of the sinus venosus contribute to during development of the fetal heart?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Right atrium
- D.
Right ventricle
- E.
Common ventricle
- 3.Which of the following statements concerning the aorticopulmonary septum is INCORRECT?
- A.
The aorticopulmonary septum partitions the outflow channel of the ventricles into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
- B.
The aorticopulmonary septum is largely derived from neural crest cells
- C.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the formation of the muscular interventricular septum
- D.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the formation of the membranous interventricular septum
- E.
The aorticopulmonary septum undergoes a 180o spiral
- 4.A newborn infant presents with cyanotic heart disease and fails to thrive. On examination of the heart, it was revealed that the aorta arose from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arose from the left ventricle. What is the name given to this type of cardiac malformation?
- A.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
- B.
Transposition of the great vessels
- C.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- D.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- E.
Atrial-septal defect (ASD)
- 5.Which part of the primitive heart tube gives rise to the pulmonary artery and the aorta?
- A.
Bulbus cordis
- B.
Primitive atrium
- C.
Primitive ventricle
- D.
Sinus venosus
- E.
Truncus arteriosus
- 6.During formation of the cardiac loop the primitive atrium will move
- A.
Ventrally, inferiorly and to the right
- B.
Posteriorly and superiorly
- C.
Ventrally and superiorly
- D.
Posteriorly and inferiorly
- E.
Ventrally, inferiorly and to the left.
- 7.The left sinus horn becomes the
- A.
Coronary sinus
- B.
Inferior vena cava
- C.
Oblique vein of the right atrium
- D.
Main inflow of the right atrium
- E.
Left sinus horn, there is no change
- 8.The sinus venarum is
- A.
Formed from the right auricle
- B.
The trabeculated part of the right atrium.
- C.
Formed from tissue of the right sinus horn
- D.
Formed from the pulmonary veins.
- E.
A ridge of tissue between the original atrial wall tissue and the smooth part of the atrium
- 9.Which of the following statements concerning the partitioning of the atria is CORRECT?
- A.
The septum primum is thick and muscular
- B.
The septum secundum is a transient structure which degenerates by the end of the fourth week
- C.
The ostium secundum forms by apoptosis in the central part of the septum secundum
- D.
The septum primum forms the valve of the oval foramen
- E.
The ostium primum is a common atrial-septal defect
- 10.True or false? The muscular portion of the interventricular septum develops from growth of the myocardium.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Which of the following statements concerning the aorticopulmonary septum is INCORRECT?
- A.
The aorticopulmonary septum undergoes a 180-degree spiral
- B.
The aorticopulmonary septum is formed by fusion of conal and truncal septa
- C.
The aorticopulmonary septum partitions the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
- D.
The aorticopulmonary septum develops from splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the interventricular septum
- 12.Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to undergo the 180-degree spiral will result in
- A.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- B.
Transposition of the great vessels
- C.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
- D.
An atrial-septal defect
- E.
Pulmonary stenosis
- 13.Which of the following statements concerning the development of the atrioventricular valves is CORRECT?
- A.
The atrioventricular valves develop from mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells
- B.
The papillary muscles attached to the atrioventricular valves are formed from mounds of tissue called endoventricular cushions
- C.
Molding of the atrioventricular valves is caused by the normal turbulent flow of blood through the ventricles
- D.
The atrioventricular valve leaflets are derived from atrial wall tissue which invaginates into the atrioventricular canals
- E.
The atrioventricular valves form before the ventricles to provide a skeleton framework for each developing ventricle
- 14.If you were a membranous interventricular septum, which of the following tissues would you NOT need?
- A.
Right sinus horn
- B.
Endocardial cushion
- C.
Neural crest cells
- D.
Muscular interventricular septum
- E.
Bulbar ridge
- 15.When does the heart start to beat?
- A.
At the end of the third week
- B.
During the tenth week once the heart is fully formed
- C.
At the end of the fourth week after looping
- D.
In the fetal period when the primitive organs mature
- E.
Immediately after birth when the baby takes the first breath
- 16.The primitive heart tube develops bulges and constrictions along its anteroposterior axis. Which part of the heart tube delivers oxygenated blood to supply the embryo?
- A.
Truncus arteriosus
- B.
Sinus venosus
- C.
Primitive ventricle
- D.
Conus cordis
- E.
Primitive atrium
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