Biosciences II Exam 3

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  • 1/39 Questions

    The lateral line system permits

    • Insects to orient to wind currents
    • Birds to orient during migratory flights
    • Mammals to adjust their basal metabolic rate depending on ambient temperature
    • Fish to orient in water
    • Reptiles to orient to the sun to regulate body temperature
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About This Quiz

Biosciences II Exam 3 assesses knowledge on biological adaptations and mechanisms in animals, such as the lateral line system in fish, Jacobson's organ, and buoyancy in bony fish. It evaluates understanding of unique biological traits and sensory adaptations.

Biosciences II Exam 3 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Jacobson's organ is used in

    • Chemoreceptors

    • Detecting vibration

    • Heat detection

    • Pressure reception

    • Photoperiod determination

    Correct Answer
    A. Chemoreceptors
    Explanation
    Jacobson's organ is a specialized sensory organ found in many animals, including reptiles and mammals. It is used primarily as a chemoreceptor, meaning it is involved in detecting and processing chemical stimuli in the environment. This organ helps animals to detect and analyze pheromones, which are chemical signals used for communication between individuals of the same species. By detecting these chemical signals, animals can gather important information about reproductive status, territory marking, and social interactions. Therefore, Jacobson's organ is primarily used in chemoreception rather than detecting vibration, heat, pressure, or photoperiod determination.

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  • 3. 

    Snakes are unusually sensitive to certain odors.  For example, males can detect females based on an odor, which can not perceive, that emanates from her skin. (All of this is true.) Detection of such odors involve trapping the odors on their tongue.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Snakes are indeed unusually sensitive to certain odors. They have a specialized organ called the Jacobson's organ, which allows them to detect and analyze chemical cues in their environment. This organ is located in the roof of their mouth and is connected to their tongue. When snakes flick their tongue in the air, they collect odor particles, which are then transferred to the Jacobson's organ for analysis. This ability is crucial for various aspects of their life, including finding prey, avoiding predators, and detecting potential mates. Therefore, it is true that snakes can detect odors by trapping them on their tongue.

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  • 4. 

    Bony fish have a swimbladder which they use

    • As a storage chamber for urine

    • To adjust their buoyancy

    • To assist them in swimming quickly

    • To orient in a magnetic field

    Correct Answer
    A. To adjust their buoyancy
    Explanation
    Bony fish have a swimbladder to adjust their buoyancy. The swimbladder is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their position in the water column. By regulating the amount of gas in the swimbladder, fish can increase or decrease their buoyancy, enabling them to float at a desired depth or rise and sink in the water. This helps them conserve energy and maintain their position in the water without constantly swimming.

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  • 5. 

    Humans may be distinguished from kangaroos because only humans

    • Have a uterus

    • Produce milk and nurse their young

    • Are warm blooded

    • Have flagellated sperm cells

    • None of the above is a reliable basis for distinguishing the two.

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above is a reliable basis for distinguishing the two.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "none of the above is a reliable basis for distinguishing the two." This means that none of the characteristics mentioned (having a uterus, producing milk and nursing their young, being warm-blooded, having flagellated sperm cells) can be used as a reliable basis for distinguishing humans from kangaroos.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following are exclusively found in plants by comparison to their charophycean ancestors? 

    • Cell walls composed of cellulose

    • Cuticles

    • Chloroplasts

    • Chlorophylls

    • Flagellated sperm

    Correct Answer
    A. Cuticles
    Explanation
    Cuticles are a waxy layer that covers the outer surface of plants, helping to prevent water loss and protect against pathogens. While other options like cell walls composed of cellulose, chloroplasts, and chlorophylls are also found in charophycean ancestors, cuticles are exclusively found in plants. This adaptation allows plants to thrive in terrestrial environments and is not present in their charophycean ancestors, which were primarily aquatic. Flagellated sperm, on the other hand, are not exclusively found in plants and can also be found in some algae and other organisms.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following is now extinct

    • All organisms requiring a reducing environment (such as existed when life first evolved)

    • Monotremes

    • Lungfish

    • None of the above is extinct

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above is extinct
    Explanation
    The given question asks which of the options is now extinct. The options provided are "all organisms requiring a reducing environment (such as existed when life first evolved)", "monotremes", "lungfish", and "none of the above is extinct". The correct answer is "none of the above is extinct". This means that all the options mentioned in the question are still existing and not extinct.

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  • 8. 

    Once invertebrates colonized land, they evolved

    • An exoskeleton

    • The ability to breathe air

    • A heart

    • Legs

    • Wings

    Correct Answer
    A. Wings
    Explanation
    Invertebrates that colonized land evolved wings as a means of locomotion. Wings allowed them to fly and explore new habitats, escape predators, and search for food and mates. This adaptation provided them with a significant advantage in terms of mobility and survival, enabling them to occupy diverse ecological niches and exploit new resources.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is not true of oak trees?

    • They are angiosperms

    • Tannins are produced, largely in younger leaves, and give the plants some degree or protection from herbivorous insects

    • Acorns form from ovaries

    • Vessels of their xylem have lignin that gives them rigidity

    • Thier seeds lack endosperm

    Correct Answer
    A. Thier seeds lack endosperm
    Explanation
    Oak trees do not lack endosperm in their seeds. Endosperm is a tissue that provides nutrients to the developing embryo in many plant species. Oak trees, like most angiosperms, produce seeds that contain endosperm, which serves as a source of nourishment for the growing embryo. Therefore, the statement "their seeds lack endosperm" is not true for oak trees.

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  • 10. 

    Some plants have small yellow-colored spots on their leaves.  The presence of these spots serves to deter insects from laying eggs.

    • These spots resemble insect eggs

    • Insects may reject leaves

    • Insects may reject leaves with such sports to avoid competition for food that resulting caterpillar would experience

    • Two of the above are correct

    • A, b, c, are all correct

    Correct Answer
    A. A, b, c, are all correct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is a, b, c, are all correct. The presence of small yellow-colored spots on plant leaves can serve multiple purposes to deter insects from laying eggs. These spots resemble insect eggs, which may trick insects into thinking that the leaves are already occupied. Insects may reject leaves with such spots to avoid competition for food that the resulting caterpillar would experience. Additionally, insects may reject leaves altogether as a precautionary measure. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for the presence of these spots.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is true of bony fish and cartilaginous fish. 

    • Bony fish predated cartilaginous fish

    • Only cartilaginous fish have a swim bladder

    • Of the two groups, only the bony fish are viviparous (give birth to motile young, as opposed to laying eggs)

    • Land vertebrates evolved from bony fish

    • Only bony fish have a lateral line system

    Correct Answer
    A. Only bony fish have a lateral line system
    Explanation
    The lateral line system is a sensory organ found in bony fish that allows them to detect changes in water pressure, vibrations, and movements in their surroundings. Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays, do not have a lateral line system. Therefore, the statement "only bony fish have a lateral line system" is true.

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  • 12. 

    Humans and other primates are closely related evolutionarily. The greatest of the two groups, only lobsters

    • Use ATP as an energy molecule

    • Have placenta

    • Have almost identical karyotypes

    • Have DNA with introns

    • Have chromatin in the nucleus of cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Have almost identical karyotypes
    Explanation
    Humans and other primates are closely related evolutionarily, which means they share a common ancestor. Karyotype refers to the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The statement that humans and other primates have almost identical karyotypes suggests that they have a similar number and appearance of chromosomes, further reinforcing their close evolutionary relationship.

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  • 13. 

    Lobsters may be distinguished from nematodes, because of the two groups, only lobsters

    • Have a medusa phase

    • Can trace their ancestor to the Cambrian Explosion

    • Are radically symmetrical

    • Can engage in sexual reproduction

    • Neither a, b, c, nor d above are a basis for distinguishing the two

    Correct Answer
    A. Neither a, b, c, nor d above are a basis for distinguishing the two
  • 14. 

    Insects may be distinguished from spiders and their close relatives because only insects 

    • Undergo metamorphosis as they grow and become sexually mature

    • Are bilaterally symmetrical

    • They have a skeleton of chitin

    • More than one of the above is correct

    • Neither a, b, or c, is correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Neither a, b, or c, is correct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is neither a, b, or c, is correct. This is because the statement does not provide any accurate information about how insects can be distinguished from spiders and their close relatives. The options given in the question are not valid characteristics for distinguishing insects from spiders and their close relatives.

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  • 15. 

    Support for the theory that vertebrates evolved from a lineage of urochordate-like organisms (that is, something like a sea squirt) includes the observation that, like modern vertebrates, a sea squirt

    • Adult has a cranium

    • Larva has a hollow nerve cord positioned on the "back" or the organism

    • Larva has a longitudinal, flexible rod that provides skeletal support

    • Adult has a lateral line system (organ)

    • Larva has pharyngeal slits in the region just posterior to the mouth

    Correct Answer
    A. Larva has a longitudinal, flexible rod that provides skeletal support
    Explanation
    The presence of a longitudinal, flexible rod in the larva of a sea squirt suggests support for the theory that vertebrates evolved from urochordate-like organisms. This is because vertebrates, including humans, have a similar structure called the notochord during their embryonic development. The notochord provides support and serves as a precursor to the vertebral column in vertebrates. The presence of a similar structure in the larva of a sea squirt indicates a shared evolutionary history between urochordates and vertebrates.

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  • 16. 

    Mammals and extant birds share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

    • Endothermy

    • Descent from a reptilian lineage

    • A dorsal, hollow nerve cord

    • Teeth specialized for diverse diets

    • Bilaterally symmetrical body plan

    Correct Answer
    A. Teeth specialized for diverse diets
    Explanation
    Mammals and extant birds share the characteristics of endothermy, descent from a reptilian lineage, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, and a bilaterally symmetrical body plan. However, they do not share the characteristic of teeth specialized for diverse diets. This means that while mammals and birds have teeth, they are not specialized for consuming a wide variety of foods.

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  • 17. 

    Features typical of mollusks (clams, snails, octopuses, squids) include

    • A segmented body plan

    • Radial symmetry

    • That they undergo metamorphosis as they grow and become sexually mature

    • They lack a nervous system

    • A shell of calcium carbonate

    Correct Answer
    A. A shell of calcium carbonate
    Explanation
    Mollusks, such as clams, snails, octopuses, and squids, are characterized by having a shell made of calcium carbonate. This shell provides protection and support for the soft body of the mollusk. It is secreted by a specialized tissue called the mantle. The shell can vary in size, shape, and thickness depending on the species. The presence of a shell is a defining feature of mollusks and distinguishes them from other animal groups.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following is true?

    • Pollen germinates on the stigma

    • Pollen is produces and displayed on the style

    • Pollen tubes are diploid structures

    • Pollen is produces by angiosperms; all other vascular plants produce spores instead of pollen

    • Pollen tube inhibitors can interfere with the development of the tube as it passes down the filament_toward the ovary

    Correct Answer
    A. Pollen germinates on the stigma
    Explanation
    Pollen germination is the process in which the pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower and begins to grow a pollen tube. This tube then penetrates the style and reaches the ovary, allowing for fertilization to occur. Therefore, the statement "Pollen germinates on the stigma" is true.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE of plants that are pollinated by birds?

    • They typically are red in color

    • They typically have a distinct sweet odor

    • They typically offer nectar

    Correct Answer
    A. They typically have a distinct sweet odor
    Explanation
    Plants that are pollinated by birds typically do not have a distinct sweet odor. While they may have bright colors like red to attract birds, and offer nectar as a reward, the absence of a sweet odor is a characteristic that sets them apart from other types of pollination. The lack of a sweet odor is not a common trait among plants that rely on bird pollination.

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  • 20. 

    Roundworms may be distinguished from flatworms because only roundworms

    • Undergo gastrulation during their early development

    • Are bilaterally symmetrical

    • Have neural tissue

    • Undergo ecdysis

    • Neither a, b, c nor d above is a basis for distinguishing the two groups

    Correct Answer
    A. Neither a, b, c nor d above is a basis for distinguishing the two groups
    Explanation
    The correct answer states that none of the options provided (undergo gastrulation, are bilaterally symmetrical, have neural tissue, undergo ecdysis) can be used as a basis for distinguishing roundworms from flatworms. This means that none of these characteristics are unique to roundworms or flatworms, and therefore cannot be used to differentiate between the two groups.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is true of Archaeopteryx

    • It was found in the Burgess Shale

    • It existed at the of Pangaea

    • It evolved from a lineage of flying fish

    • It had a paper-thin jaw similar to that of modern birds

    • It had a long, bony tail

    Correct Answer
    A. It had a long, bony tail
    Explanation
    Archaeopteryx is known for having a long, bony tail. This characteristic sets it apart from modern birds, as they have a shorter, more flexible tail. The long tail of Archaeopteryx was important for maintaining balance and stability during flight, as well as for steering. The presence of a long, bony tail in Archaeopteryx provides evidence of its evolutionary link to dinosaurs, as many dinosaurs also had long tails. This characteristic suggests that Archaeopteryx was a transitional species between dinosaurs and birds.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE of peat bogs?

    • They are composed of partially decayed organic material

    • They form from accumulations of fungi

    • They are oxygen poor environments

    • They can be mined for fuel

    • Human bodies are "laid to rest" in bogs are mummified by the conditions and can retain their skin for thousands of years

    Correct Answer
    A. They form from accumulations of fungi
    Explanation
    Peat bogs do not form from accumulations of fungi. They are formed from the accumulation of partially decayed organic material, such as mosses and plants, in waterlogged environments. Fungi may be present in peat bogs, but they do not play a significant role in their formation.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following is not true regarding the evolution of land plants?

    • Land plants, unlike their aquatic relatives, need structural support to maintain their "posture" in air. After colonizing land, plants evolved collagen which contributes to that support by acting as a "glue" to hold neighboring cells together.

    • Cuticles serve plants by limiting inbreeding

    • The evidence that all angiosperms had a common ancestor includes the observation that they all share basic similarities in their flowers and fruits. For example, all flowers are constructed of four whorls of modified leaves that serve as sepals. stamens and carpels.

    • Evidence that gymnosperms and bryophytes have a common ancestor is that they both have flagellated sperm that are similar in structure.

    • Land plants probably evolved from a flagellated protist

    Correct Answer
    A. The evidence that all angiosperms had a common ancestor includes the observation that they all share basic similarities in their flowers and fruits. For example, all flowers are constructed of four whorls of modified leaves that serve as sepals. stamens and carpels.
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the observation that all angiosperms share basic similarities in their flowers and fruits, such as the construction of flowers with four whorls of modified leaves serving as sepals, stamens, and carpels, provides evidence that they had a common ancestor. This suggests that these features have been conserved and passed down through generations, indicating a shared evolutionary history among angiosperms.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following is characterized by having vascular tissue

    • Angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, mosses

    • Angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns

    • Angiosperms, gymnosperms

    • Angiosperms

    Correct Answer
    A. Angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns
    Explanation
    Angiosperms, gymnosperms, and ferns are all characterized by having vascular tissue. Vascular tissue is a complex system of tubes that transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. It consists of two types of tissues: xylem, which transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and phloem, which transports sugars and other organic molecules from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Mosses, on the other hand, do not have true vascular tissue and rely on osmosis and diffusion to transport water and nutrients.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following is true of the evolution of land vertebrates?

    • Amphibians evolved from a linage of fish. Pre-adaptations of those "photo-amphibians" for making the transition to a life on land included eggs with water-tight membranes

    • The ancestors of the mammals living at about 65 m.y.a. were reptiles bother than dinosaurs

    • Usually amphibians deposit their eggs outside the body and and subsequently they are fertilized. Reptiles and birds, in contrast, are not as dependent on an aquatic environment for successful reproduction. They have eggs with membranes/shells that give the zygote some protection from arid conditions. A consequence of this difference between amphibians on the on hand and reptiles and birds on the other is that in the latter two taxa, fertilization must be internal

    • The pharyngeal slits of aquatic chordates have been modified to firm the ribs of land vertebrates

    Correct Answer
    A. Usually amphibians deposit their eggs outside the body and and subsequently they are fertilized. Reptiles and birds, in contrast, are not as dependent on an aquatic environment for successful reproduction. They have eggs with membranes/shells that give the zygote some protection from arid conditions. A consequence of this difference between amphibians on the on hand and reptiles and birds on the other is that in the latter two taxa, fertilization must be internal
    Explanation
    Amphibians deposit their eggs outside the body and subsequently they are fertilized, while reptiles and birds have eggs with membranes/shells that protect the zygote from arid conditions. This difference in reproductive strategy means that fertilization in reptiles and birds must be internal, whereas in amphibians it is external.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bryophytes but is not in fungi?

    • Flagellated gamates

    • Spores

    • A sporophyte life stage that is more prominent than a gametophyte life stage

    • Cell walls of chitin

    • They are heterotrophs

    Correct Answer
    A. Flagellated gamates
    Explanation
    Bryophytes have flagellated gametes, which means their reproductive cells have whip-like structures called flagella that help them move. This is a characteristic that is present in bryophytes but not in fungi. Fungi reproduce through spores, but their gametes are not flagellated. Therefore, flagellated gametes are a characteristic unique to bryophytes and not found in fungi.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE of coral animals?

    • They live symbiotically with algae

    • They feed on plant starches and sugars

    • They feed at night on suspended matter in the water

    • They are protists

    Correct Answer
    A. They are protists
    Explanation
    Coral animals are not protists. Coral animals are actually marine invertebrates that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. They are colonial organisms that live symbiotically with algae, which provide them with nutrients through photosynthesis. They do not feed on plant starches and sugars, but instead capture small organisms and particles from the water using their tentacles. While some coral species may feed at night, this is not a characteristic of all coral animals.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is true?

    • Fungi have cell walls composed of cellulose

    • Yeasts are fungi

    • Fungi have a greater molecular affinity with plants than with animals, that is they are more closely related to plants than to animals

    • Fungi are autotrophs

    • Fungi evolved from non-vascular plants that lost their chloroplasts

    Correct Answer
    A. Yeasts are fungi
    Explanation
    Yeasts are a type of fungi, specifically a unicellular fungi. They are classified under the kingdom Fungi and share many characteristics with other fungi, such as having cell walls made of chitin. Yeasts are known for their ability to ferment sugars and produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. They are commonly used in baking and brewing processes. Therefore, the statement "Yeasts are fungi" is true.

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following is true of lichens?

    • They may include cyanobacteria

    • The fungal partners of lichens fix nitrogen

    • The fungal partners of lichens fix carbon

    • More than one of the above are true

    • Neither a, b, or c is true

    Correct Answer
    A. They may include cyanobacteria
    Explanation
    Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus and either algae or cyanobacteria. The algae or cyanobacteria provide the food through photosynthesis, while the fungus provides a protective structure. Therefore, it is true that lichens may include cyanobacteria.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following is correct?

    • Ferns are vascular plants

    • Seed of gymnosperms contain both a diploid embryo and endosperm

    • All plants have the characteristic of having an "alteration of generation" life cycle. The gametophyts generation can be distinguished from the sporophytes because only in the the former does meiosis occur

    • A seed represents a stage in the gemetophye generation

    • Yeasts represent a lineage of angiosperms that have lost their photosynthetic abilities (and chloroplasts)

    Correct Answer
    A. Ferns are vascular plants
    Explanation
    Ferns are vascular plants because they have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem, which allow for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. This vascular system enables ferns to grow larger and more complex than non-vascular plants. Additionally, ferns reproduce through spores, which are produced in structures called sporangia. These spores are dispersed and can develop into new fern plants, contributing to the fern's life cycle.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following is not true of ferns.

    • They lack flowers

    • They are vascular plants

    • Appear in the fossil record after after gymnosperms but before angiosperms

    • They have cells with walls of cellulose

    Correct Answer
    A. Appear in the fossil record after after gymnosperms but before angiosperms
    Explanation
    Ferns do appear in the fossil record after gymnosperms but before angiosperms. This means that the statement "appear in the fossil record after after gymnosperms but before angiosperms" is true of ferns.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following is not true of mycorrhizae?

    • They represent mutualistic relationships between plants and fungi

    • They are in part composed of hypae

    • They assist vascular plants in the uptake of water

    • They assist plants in the uptake of minerals

    • The mycelium portion is a diploid structure

    Correct Answer
    A. The mycelium portion is a diploid structure
    Explanation
    Mycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships between plants and fungi, where the fungi provide nutrients to the plants in exchange for carbohydrates. They are composed of hyphae, which are thread-like structures. They assist vascular plants in the uptake of water and minerals from the soil. However, the mycelium portion of mycorrhizae is not diploid. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of hyphae, and it is typically haploid, meaning it has only one set of chromosomes.

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  • 33. 

    The coelacanth is notable because it

    • Is a species of aquatic mammal once thought to be extinct

    • Is representative of the kind of vertebrate that first colonized the land

    • Is a species of reptile that has apparently not changed (or evolved) in the last 300 millions years

    • Is the oldest fossil bird

    • Is the oldest fossil vertebrate

    Correct Answer
    A. Is representative of the kind of vertebrate that first colonized the land
    Explanation
    The coelacanth is notable because it is representative of the kind of vertebrate that first colonized the land. This means that the coelacanth is a species that shares characteristics with the early vertebrates that transitioned from living in water to living on land. It provides valuable insights into the evolution and adaptation of vertebrates during this crucial period in history.

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  • 34. 

    The surviving evolutionary line most closely related to the dinosaurs includes the 

    • Amphibians

    • Birds

    • Lungfishes

    • Mammals

    • Primates

    Correct Answer
    A. Birds
    Explanation
    Birds are the surviving evolutionary line most closely related to dinosaurs. This is because birds are considered to be direct descendants of certain groups of theropod dinosaurs, such as the Velociraptors and Tyrannosaurus rex. They share many anatomical and physiological characteristics, including similar bone structures and the presence of feathers. Additionally, recent fossil discoveries have provided further evidence of the evolutionary link between birds and dinosaurs.

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  • 35. 

    Consider the platypus and the echidna

    • They are more closely related to placenta mammals than to marsupial mammals

    • What tissues from the female reproductive tract at birth are eggs, net motile young. That is to say they are oviparous

    • They are fir, a distinguishing characteristic of mammals, but do not nurse their young.

    • They are cold blooded

    Correct Answer
    A. What tissues from the female reproductive tract at birth are eggs, net motile young. That is to say they are oviparous
    Explanation
    The given answer explains that the platypus and the echidna are oviparous, meaning they lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. This is a distinguishing characteristic of mammals. It suggests that the tissues from the female reproductive tract at birth are eggs, which contain non-motile young. This explanation highlights the unique reproductive behavior of these animals compared to other mammals.

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  • 36. 

    Plants are characterized by typically having

    • Starch, a complex polypeptide, as an important constituent of the cell walls

    • A cell plate that grows during cytokinesis. The cell plate is compose of constituents of the cell wall and plasma membrane

    • Carotenoids that contain chloroplasts

    • Cell walls composed mainly of amino acids

    • Cuticles composed on monosaccharides

    Correct Answer
    A. A cell plate that grows during cytokinesis. The cell plate is compose of constituents of the cell wall and plasma membrane
    Explanation
    Plants are characterized by typically having a cell plate that grows during cytokinesis. This cell plate is composed of constituents of the cell wall and plasma membrane. During cell division, a cell plate forms between the two daughter cells and eventually develops into a new cell wall. This process is unique to plants and is essential for their growth and development. The cell plate allows for the separation of the cytoplasm and the formation of two distinct cells.

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  • 37. 

    When the ancestors of modern plants first colonized terrestrial habitats, additional features subsequently evolved which permitted their successful colonization of many ecological. These characteristics include

    • Cellulose walls to reduce the risk of desiccation

    • Chloroplast to permit utilizing the suns energy

    • Cell plates for a more efficient mode of cell division

    • Stomata to regulate gas exchange and evaporation

    • Spores

    Correct Answer
    A. Stomata to regulate gas exchange and evaporation
    Explanation
    The correct answer is stomata to regulate gas exchange and evaporation. Stomata are small openings on the surface of plant leaves that allow for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, with the environment. They also help to regulate the loss of water through evaporation. This adaptation is crucial for plants to survive in terrestrial habitats, as it allows them to efficiently obtain the necessary gases for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The other characteristics mentioned, such as cellulose walls, chloroplasts, cell plates, and spores, are also important adaptations for plants, but they are not specifically related to gas exchange and evaporation regulation.

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  • 38. 

    Fig trees

    • Are pollinated by bats

    • Produce flowers that offer their pollinators a reward

    • Are angiosperms

    • Produce pollen in the form of pollinia (clusters of pollen, not individual grains)

    Correct Answer
    A. Are angiosperms
    Explanation
    The given answer states that fig trees are angiosperms. Angiosperms are a type of flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit. Fig trees produce flowers that offer rewards to their pollinators, and this is a characteristic feature of angiosperms. Therefore, the answer is correct as it accurately identifies the fig trees as angiosperms based on the information provided.

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  • 39. 

    Some species of acacia trees have symbiotic relationships with ants. Which of the following is NOT true?

    • The tree provides the ants with nectar and highly nutritious vegetative bodies that are modified leaf tissue

    • The plant produces large thorns that are colonized by ants

    • The plant has nectar producing glands along its stems

    • Ants protect the plants from herbivory

    • Ants protect the plant from interference from other plants and herbivores

    Correct Answer
    A. The plant has nectar producing glands along its stems
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "The plant has nectar producing glands along its stems." This statement is not true because acacia trees do not have nectar-producing glands along their stems. Instead, they provide nectar and highly nutritious vegetative bodies to the ants. The other statements are true, as acacia trees have thorns that are colonized by ants, and the ants protect the plants from herbivory and interference from other plants and herbivores.

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