Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Lophotrochozoans (Lecture Four)

1.

True or False?All protostomes are triploblastic.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
All protostomes are triploblastic because protostomes are a group of animals that develop from a blastopore, which is the opening of the developing embryo. Triploblastic refers to having three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. All protostomes, including insects, mollusks, and annelids, have these three germ layers during their development. Therefore, it can be concluded that all protostomes are triploblastic.

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2.

Which of the following is the correct pattern of embryonic development for a protostome?
- A.
  
  Spiral cleavage, determinate
- B.
  
  Radial cleavage, determinate
- C.
  
  Spiral cleavage, indeterminate
- D.
  
  Radial cleavage, indeterminate
Correct Answer
A. Spiral cleavage, determinate

Explanation
Spiral cleavage refers to the pattern of cell division in which the cells divide at an angle to the polar axis of the embryo, resulting in a spiral arrangement of cells. Determinate cleavage means that the fate of each cell is already determined early on in development, meaning that if a cell is removed or damaged, it cannot develop into a complete organism. Therefore, the correct pattern of embryonic development for a protostome is spiral cleavage, determinate.

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3.

There are two clades of protostomes.Name one of those clades.

Correct Answer
Lophotrochozoans
Ecdysozoans
The lophotrochozoans
The ecdysozoans
The lophotrochozoan
The ecdysozoan
Lophotrochozoan
Ecdysozoan

Explanation
The correct answer is Lophotrochozoans and Ecdysozoans. These are the two clades of protostomes.

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4.

Lophotrochozoans have two main important features that set them apart from ecdysozoans.Name one of these two features.

Correct Answer
Lophophores
Lophophore
A lophophore
The lophophore
Trochophore larva
Trochophore larvae

Explanation
Lophotrochozoans have a unique feature called lophophores, which is one of the two main characteristics that distinguish them from ecdysozoans. The lophophore is a specialized feeding structure found in certain groups of lophotrochozoans, such as brachiopods, bryozoans, and phoronids. It is a horseshoe-shaped or circular organ with ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth, enabling filter feeding and gas exchange. This feature is not present in ecdysozoans, making it a defining characteristic of lophotrochozoans.

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5.

What is the "Scientific" name for segmented worms?

Correct Answer
Annelids
The annelids

Explanation
The scientific name for segmented worms is "Annelids". Annelids are a phylum of invertebrates that includes earthworms, leeches, and marine worms. They are characterized by their segmented bodies, which allows for flexibility and movement. The term "annelid" is derived from the Latin word "annellus", meaning "little ring", referring to the rings or segments that make up their body structure.

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6.

What is the other name for a Bryozoan?

Correct Answer
An ectoproct
Ectoproct
Ectoprocts
The ectoprocts

Explanation
The correct answer is "ectoproct". An ectoproct is another name for a Bryozoan, which is a phylum of small aquatic invertebrates. They are colonial animals that form colonies of interconnected individuals called zooids. The zooids have a hard exoskeleton and a ring of tentacles surrounding a mouth-like opening. Ectoproct is the commonly used term to refer to these organisms.

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7.

What is the Scientific name for flatworms?

Correct Answer
Platyhelminthes

Explanation
The scientific name for flatworms is Platyhelminthes. This name is derived from the Greek words "platys" meaning flat and "helminth" meaning worm. Flatworms are a phylum of invertebrates that have a soft, flattened body shape. They are characterized by their simple body structure and lack of a body cavity. Platyhelminthes include various species such as planarians, tapeworms, and flukes.

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8.

Complete the following sentence:Mollusks have a _________, a fold of tissue that covers the organs of the visceral mass, secreting a hard, calcareous shell.

Correct Answer
Mantle

Explanation
Mollusks have a mantle, which is a fold of tissue that covers the organs of the visceral mass and secretes a hard, calcareous shell. The mantle plays a crucial role in protecting the internal organs and producing the shell, which provides support and protection for the mollusk's body. The mantle also helps with locomotion and respiration in some mollusk species.

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9.

Complete the following sentence:One of the components of a mollusk's tripartite body is the _______________, containing most of the organism's internal organs.

Correct Answer
Visceral mass

Explanation
The correct answer is "Visceral mass." In mollusks, the visceral mass is one of the three main components of their body. It houses the majority of the organism's internal organs, such as the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems. The visceral mass is protected by the mollusk's hard outer shell and plays a crucial role in the overall functioning and survival of the organism.

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Bio1331 Animals - Evolution - Lophotrochozoans (Lecture Four)

True or False?All protostomes are triploblastic.

Which of the following is the correct pattern of embryonic development for a protostome?

There are two clades of protostomes.Name one of those clades.

Lophotrochozoans have two main important features that set them apart from ecdysozoans.Name one of these two features.

What is the "Scientific" name for segmented worms?

What is the other name for a Bryozoan?

What is the Scientific name for flatworms?

Complete the following sentence:Mollusks have a _________, a fold of tissue that covers the organs of the visceral mass, secreting a hard, calcareous shell.

Complete the following sentence:One of the components of a mollusk's tripartite body is the _______________, containing most of the organism's internal organs.